Taxonomic group: bacteria / Proteobacteria
(Phylum: Proteobacteria)
Associated disease: infection due to Escherichia coli [ICD11:
XN6P4 
]
NCBI PubMed ID: 8310880Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2911(08)60099-5Journal NLM ID: 0117147Institutions: Department of Microbiology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, Department of Microbiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
This chapter provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in synthesis and expression of cell-surface polysaccharides in Gram-negative bacteria. Biosynthesis of many cell-surface components, including polysaccharides, involves enzymes and enzyme complexes found in the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan layer is located immediately external to the cytoplasmic membrane and this layer is required for cell shape and rigidity. Gram-negative bacteria possess a periplasm that contains a variety of proteins and enzymes, including some involved in import and export of macromolecules. Biosynthesis of bacterial cell-surface polysaccharides involves a series of sequential processes: (1) biosynthesis of activated precursors in the cytoplasm, (2) formation of repeating units, (3) polymerization of repeating units, and (d) export of polysaccharides to the cell surface. The assembly of polysaccharide repeating units and subsequent polymerization reactions occur at the cytoplasmic membrane, using precursors synthesized in the cytoplasm. Genes for biosynthesis of cell-surface polysaccharides are chromosomal and are arranged in clusters of one or more transcriptional units. The synthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may be subject to complex regulation, but on-off switching is not possible due to the essential structural requirement for the lipid A-core LPS molecule. Most bacteria use extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) for protection, and many regulatory strategies are directed to modulating EPS synthesis in response to appropriate environmental cues. Application of genetic and biochemical approaches has facilitated detailed analysis of complex, multicomponent systems, such as those involved in synthesis of cell-surface polysaccharides.
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Location inside paper: fig. 9
Trivial name: colominic acid, Japanese common char (Salvelinus leucomaenis pluvius)
Compound class: CPS, O-linked glycoprotein, polysialate
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136794,IEDB_141115,IEDB_142352,IEDB_146100,IEDB_149174,IEDB_150072,IEDB_150937,IEDB_153199,IEDB_226810,IEDB_558870,IEDB_983929,SB_170,SB_171,SB_172,SB_35,SB_42,SB_84
Related record ID(s): 101033, 101034, 101035, 101036, 101038, 101039, 101042, 101043, 101044, 101045, 101046, 101047, 101048, 101049, 101050, 101051, 101052, 101053, 101054, 101055, 101056, 101057, 101058, 101059, 101060, 101061, 101062, 101063, 101064, 101065, 101066, 101067, 111111, 130703, 140256, 201042, 201051, 201052, 201053, 201063
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 562Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G74009LP, GlycomeDB:
660
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Taxonomic group: bacteria / Proteobacteria
(Phylum: Proteobacteria)
Associated disease: infection due to Escherichia coli [ICD11:
XN6P4 ]
The structure was elucidated in this paperPublication DOI: 0.1002/bip.360330311Journal NLM ID: 0372525Publisher: Wiley Interscience
Institutions: Research Centre, CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceuticals, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, RH12 4AB, United Kingdom
Reactions between water-insoluble and water-soluble components are often slow, giving low yields. In order to prepare glycolipids composed of polysialic acid and N-(4-(p-maleimidylphenyl)butyryl)dipalmitoyl-L-α-phosphatidylethanol amine triethylammonium salt, we used liposomes to enhance the interfacial reaction between the reagents. Thus, thiolreactive liposomes were reacted with polysialic acid cysteamine. A 70% yield was achieved with this addition reaction, and the product was isolated by dialysis and centrifugation.
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: colominic acid, Japanese common char (Salvelinus leucomaenis pluvius)
Compound class: CPS, O-linked glycoprotein, polysialate
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136794,IEDB_141115,IEDB_142352,IEDB_146100,IEDB_149174,IEDB_150072,IEDB_150937,IEDB_153199,IEDB_226810,IEDB_558870,IEDB_983929,SB_170,SB_171,SB_172,SB_35,SB_42,SB_84
Related record ID(s): 101037, 130703, 140256
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 562Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G74009LP, GlycomeDB:
660
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Taxonomic group: bacteria, bacteria, bacteria, animal, animal, animal / Proteobacteria, Proteobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chordata, Chordata, Chordata
(Phylum: Proteobacteria, Proteobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chordata, Chordata, Chordata)
Associated disease: infection due to Escherichia coli [ICD11:
XN6P4 ]
Journal NLM ID: 0250365Publisher: Oxford: Pergamon Press
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: colominic acid, Japanese common char (Salvelinus leucomaenis pluvius)
Compound class: CPS, O-linked glycoprotein, polysialate
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136794,IEDB_141115,IEDB_142352,IEDB_146100,IEDB_149174,IEDB_150072,IEDB_150937,IEDB_153199,IEDB_226810,IEDB_558870,IEDB_983929,SB_170,SB_171,SB_172,SB_35,SB_42,SB_84
Comments, role: Parent molecule: NCAM
Related record ID(s): 101037, 111111, 130704, 130707, 140256
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 1392869,
491,
669260,
8005,
8034,
8033Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G74009LP, GlycomeDB:
660
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Found 
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