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Ginsenosides and chikusetsusaponins present in the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. MEYER and rhizomes of Panax japonicus C. A. MEYER were identified as inhibitors of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. The structure-activity relationships of 30 saponins, 2 prosapogenins and 3 sapogenins were studied. Saponins which have a 20(S)-protopanaxadiol or oleanolic acid moiety as the sapogenin were generally more inhibitory towards cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase than saponins with a 20 (S)-protopanaxatriol moiety as the sapogenin. The effects of various ginsenosides on corticosterone secretion and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity appeared to be parallel.

Panax ginseng, ginsenoside, 20S-protopanaxadiol, chikusetsusaponin, Panax japonicus, 20S-protopanaxatriol, phosphodiesterase inhibitor, corticosterone secretion-inducing activity

Journal NLM ID: 0377775
WWW link: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003624924
Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society Of Japan
Institutions: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, Japan, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Japan, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan, aculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan, Research Institute for WAKAN-YAKU, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan, Central Research Laboratories, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan
Methods: cAMP phosphodiesterase assay

An LC/MS-based method is established for the differentiation and authentication of specimens and commercial samples of Panax ginseng (Oriental ginseng) and Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng). This method is based on the separation of ginsenosides present in the ginseng methanolic extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by detection with electrospray mass spectrometry. Differentiation of ginsenosides is achieved through simultaneous detection of intact ginsenoside molecular ions and the ions of their characteristic thermal degradation products. An important parameter used for differentiating P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius is the presence of ginsenoside Rf and 24-(R)-pseudoginsenoside F11 in the RICs of Oriental and American ginsengs, respectively. It is important to stress that ginsenoside Rf and 24(R)-pseudoginsenoside F11, which possess the same molecular weight and were found to have similar retention times under most LC conditions, can be unambiguously distinguished in the present HPLC/MS method. The method developed is robust, reliable, reproducible, and highly sensitive down to the nanogram level.

ginsenosides, ginseng, HPLC/MS

NCBI PubMed ID: 10740871
Publication DOI: 10.1021/ac990819z
Journal NLM ID: 0370536
Correspondence: But PP
Institutions: Chinese Medicinal Material Research Centre, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Department of Chemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Department of Biology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
Methods: extraction, CC, LC-ESI-MS, evaporation

Panax pseudo-ginseng subsp. pseudo-ginseng has a carrot like root with a small rhizome. It was shown that the saponin composition of roots and rhizomes of this subspecies collected in Tibet and China was extremely poor. From the roots and rhizomes collected in Central Nepal, (specimen-PNct), only a small amount of an oleanolic acid saponin, β-D-glucopyranosyl-oleanolate (2) was isolated together with a polyacetylene-alcohol, panaxynol (3). In another specimen (specimen-PNs), also collected in Central Nepal, two oleanolic acid saponins, stipleanoside R2 (4) and chikusetsusaponin IV (5) were detected. No dammarane saponin was identified in either specimen. P. pseudo-ginseng subsp. himalaicus (Subsp-H) has a big rhizome with a small round root. From rhizomes and roots of this subsp. collected in Central Nepal (specimen-HNct), a fairly large amount of dammarane saponins, ginsenosides-Rb1 (6), -Rd (7), -Re (9) and -Rg1 (10), gypenoside XVII (8), notoginsenoside-R1 (11), majonoside-R2 (12) and pseudo-ginsenoside-F11 (13) were isolated, while no oleanane saponin (oleanolic acid saponin) was identified in this subsp. Based on the present and previous studies, medicinal evaluation and chemogeographical correlation of Himalayan Panax spp. are discussed.

chemotaxonomy, ginsenoside, araliaceae, saponin, Panax pseudo-ginseng, Himalayan Panax

NCBI PubMed ID: 10866157
Publication DOI: 10.1248/cpb.48.889
Journal NLM ID: 0377775
Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society Of Japan
Correspondence: Tanaka O
Institutions: Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan, Korea Wild Ginseng Research Insitute, Gangnung City, South Korea, Health Care Institute of Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan