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Taxonomic group: bacteria / Actinobacteria (Phylum: Actinobacteria)
Associated disease: infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis [ICD11: XN1N2

]

NCBI PubMed ID: 23299743
Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-245-2_19
Publisher: Totowa, NJ: Humana Press
Editors: Holst O, Walker JM, Beck A
Correspondence: Mary.Jackson

colostate.edu
Institutions: Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

The cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis in humans, is the source of carbohydrates of exceptional structure which play essential roles in the physiology of the bacterium and in its interactions with the host during infection. Much of what is known about their biosynthesis was derived from the phenotypic analysis of knockout or conditional knockout mutants of mycobacteria generated by random or specific insertional mutagenesis. Here, we describe the current techniques used to subfractionate M. tuberculosis cells and investigate major quantitative and qualitative changes in their cell envelope (lipo)polysaccharides.

capsule, arabinogalactan, lipoarabinomannan, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, glucan, lipomannan

Structure type: homopolymer
Location inside paper: p.311, fig.2b
Trivial name: arabinan, arabinan fragmemnt of the lipoarabinomannan
Compound class: arabinogalactan, arabinan part of arabinogalactan

Methods: mild acid hydrolysis, alkaline degradation, biochemical methods, HPLC, SDS-Tricine-PAGE
Comments, role: LAM consists of ~ 20-30 Manp residues and the arabinan ~ 60 Araf units. Part of structure (see RR: 29529).

Related record ID(s): 29186, 29527, 29529
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 1773
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G30321MJ, GlycomeDB:10680
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

Taxonomic group: bacteria / Actinobacteria (Phylum: Actinobacteria)
Associated disease: infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis [ICD11: XN1N2

]

Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-80166-2_1
Publisher: Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Editors: Shinnick TM
Institutions: Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA

The mycobacterial cell wall is a complex and intriguing mixture of components which sets Mycobacterium tuberculosis apart from all other known bacterial species (Goodfellow and Minnikin 1984). To understand the M. tuberculosis cell wall, one must first consider the biology of the tubercle bacillus. Tuberculosis has long been known as a cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Indeed it is believed that one third of the word’s population is infected with M. tuberculosis (Sudre et al. 1992). Evidence of tuberculosis-like infections date back many thousands of years, and it is very likely that tuberculosis-related infections have plagued humankind since the dawn of civilization. M. tuberculosis is primarily an intracellular pathogen which resides within the phagolysosomes of alveolar macrophages. Perhaps as a consequence of this intracellular environment, the highly intricate features of the tubercle bacilli cell wall have undergone extensive evolutionary changes.

lipid, Mycobacteria, membrane, arabinogalactan, cell envelope, lipoarabinomannan, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, peptidoglycan

Structure type: homopolymer
Location inside paper: p.10, p.11, fig.10
Trivial name: arabinan, arabinan fragmemnt of the lipoarabinomannan
Compound class: arabinogalactan, arabinan part of arabinogalactan

Comments, role: review; arabinan part of structure of arabinogalactan (see RR: 31427,31428)

Related record ID(s): 7450, 31416, 31417, 31418, 31419, 31420, 31421, 31422, 31423, 31424, 31425, 31427, 31428
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 1773
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G30321MJ, GlycomeDB:10680
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

Taxonomic group: bacteria / Actinobacteria (Phylum: Actinobacteria)
Organ / tissue: cell wall
Associated disease: infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis [ICD11: XN1N2

]

NCBI PubMed ID: 2108960
Journal NLM ID: 2985121R
Publisher: Baltimore, MD: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Institutions: Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523

The peptidoglycan-bound arabinogalactan of a virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was per-O-methylated, partially hydrolyzed with acid, and the resulting oligosaccharides reduced and O-pentadeute-rioethylated. The per-O-alkylated oligoglycosyl alditol fragments were separated by high pressure liquid chromatography and the structures of 43 of these constituents determined by 1H NMR and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The arabinogalactan was shown to consist of a galactan containing alternating 5-linked β-D-galactofuranosyl (Galf) and 6-linked β-D-Galf residues. The arabinan chains are attached to C-5 of some of the 6-linked Galf residues. The arabinan is comprised of at least three major structural domains. One is composed of linear 5-linked α-D-arabinofuranosyl (Araf) residues; a second consists of branched 3,5-linked α-D-Araf units substituted with 5-linked α-D-Araf residues at both branched positions. The non-reducing terminal region of the arabinan was characterized by a 3,5-linked α-D-Araf residue substituted at both branched positions with the disaccharide β-D-Araf-(1→2)-α-D-Araf. 13C NMR of intact soluble arabinogalactan established the presence of both α- and β-Araf residues in this domain. This non-reducing terminal motif apparently provides the structural basis of the dominant immunogenicity of arabinogalactan within mycobacteria. A rhamnosyl residue occupies the reducing terminus of the galactan core and may link the arabinogalactan to the peptidoglycan. Evidence is also presented for the presence of minor structural features involving terminal mannopyranosyl units. Models for most of the heteropolysaccharide are proposed which should increase our understanding of a molecule responsible for much of the immunogenicity, pathogenicity, and peculiar physical properties of the mycobacterial cell.

Structure type: homopolymer
Location inside paper: fig.5, fig.9, Motif C
Trivial name: arabinan, arabinan fragmemnt of the lipoarabinomannan
Compound class: arabinogalactan, arabinan part of arabinogalactan

Related record ID(s): 10780, 135833, 135834, 135835, 135837
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 1773
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G30321MJ, GlycomeDB:10680
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize