Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
This study aims to explore the production and physicochemical properties of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced from soil isolate, Paenibacillus sp. ZX1905 in submerged culture. The highest EPS production of 15.67 g/L was achieved in a medium containing soluble starch, peptone and inorganic salts. The purified EPS exhibited excellent skin lubricating properties and was named lubcan. The chemical analysis reviewed that lubcan was an acidic heteropolysaccharide consisted of glucuronic acid, glucose, mannose, galactose, and rhamnose in a molar ratio of 2:3:1:2:2, and the average molecular mass was about 3.27 x 10(6) Da. NMR and methylation analysis revealed that lubcan backbone was composed of 1,4-α-Man, 1,4,6-α-Glc, 1,3-α-Gal, 1,3-β-Rha, and 1,3-β-Gal, together with the branches of 1,3-α-Glc, 1,3-α-Rha, two 1,4-α-GlcA, and terminal-α-Glc(4,6-pyr). The lubcan solution exhibited stability at pH ranging from 5.0 to 7.0, temperature between 5 and 50 °C, and monovalent salts (0.2 M) and divalent salts (0.05 M) addition. The moisture absorption rates of lubcan were 16.98% and 40.41% under the conditions of 43% and 81% relative humidity, which were close to that of hyaluronic acid (17.28% and 41.20%, respectively). These properties make lubcan a good alternative to more expensive hyaluronic acid in the cosmetic industry.
13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, GC-MS, acid hydrolysis, FTIR, composition analysis, HPLC, statistical analysis, fermentation, rheological study, hygroscopic activity, macroscopic friction test
13C NMR data:
Linkage Residue C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
3,3,3,4 aDManp 101.17 72.91 73.41 79.45 77.15 62.47
3,3,3,6,3,3,4,4,6 x?Pyr 178.90 103.45 28.00
3,3,3,6,3,3,4,4 aDGlcp 102.16 70.50 76.18 79.34 74.36 67.80
3,3,3,6,3,3,4 aDGlcpA 99.21 71.61 74.96 79.86 75.21 178.29
3,3,3,6,3,3 aDGlcpA 99.29 73.84 75.14 78.16 75.55 178.29
3,3,3,6,3 aLRhap 104.14 71.55 81.78 73.24 71.59 19.44
3,3,3,6 aDGlcp 103.57 72.95 84.81 71.11 74.67 63.77
3,3,3 aDGlcp 102.16 71.55 76.34 79.34 74.22 67.80
3,3 aDGalp 96.53 69.26 79.86 69.67 77.64 63.53
3 bLRhap 105.14 71.07 84.81 71.29 73.01 19.44
bDGalp 104.92 72.78 81.78 65.46 76.77 63.97
1H NMR data:
Linkage Residue H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6
3,3,3,4 aDManp 5.51 4.15 3.99 3.55 4.01 3.90
3,3,3,6,3,3,4,4,6 x?Pyr - - 1.45
3,3,3,6,3,3,4,4 aDGlcp 5.50 3.92 3.29 3.57 3.58 3.98
3,3,3,6,3,3,4 aDGlcpA 5.00 3.85 4.05 3.76 4.14 -
3,3,3,6,3,3 aDGlcpA 5.00 4.18 4.07 3.54 4.16 -
3,3,3,6,3 aLRhap 5.19 4.01 4.10 3.53 4.04 1.28
3,3,3,6 aDGlcp 5.16 3.50 3.63 3.38 3.60 3.74
3,3,3 aDGlcp 5.50 3.82 3.79 3.57 4.19 3.87
3,3 aDGalp 5.16 4.26 3.76 4.13 3.86 3.71
3 bLRhap 4.55 3.90 3.63 3.39 3.52 1.27
bDGalp 4.55 3.27 4.10 3.80 3.40 4.00
1H/13C HSQC data:
Linkage Residue C1/H1 C2/H2 C3/H3 C4/H4 C5/H5 C6/H6
3,3,3,4 aDManp 101.17/5.51 72.91/4.15 73.41/3.99 79.45/3.55 77.15/4.01 62.47/3.90
3,3,3,6,3,3,4,4,6 x?Pyr 28.00/1.45
3,3,3,6,3,3,4,4 aDGlcp 102.16/5.50 70.50/3.92 76.18/3.29 79.34/3.57 74.36/3.58 67.80/3.98
3,3,3,6,3,3,4 aDGlcpA 99.21/5.00 71.61/3.85 74.96/4.05 79.86/3.76 75.21/4.14
3,3,3,6,3,3 aDGlcpA 99.29/5.00 73.84/4.18 75.14/4.07 78.16/3.54 75.55/4.16
3,3,3,6,3 aLRhap 104.14/5.19 71.55/4.01 81.78/4.10 73.24/3.53 71.59/4.04 19.44/1.28
3,3,3,6 aDGlcp 103.57/5.16 72.95/3.50 84.81/3.63 71.11/3.38 74.67/3.60 63.77/3.74
3,3,3 aDGlcp 102.16/5.50 71.55/3.82 76.34/3.79 79.34/3.57 74.22/4.19 67.80/3.87
3,3 aDGalp 96.53/5.16 69.26/4.26 79.86/3.76 69.67/4.13 77.64/3.86 63.53/3.71
3 bLRhap 105.14/4.55 71.07/3.90 84.81/3.63 71.29/3.39 73.01/3.52 19.44/1.27
bDGalp 104.92/4.55 72.78/3.27 81.78/4.10 65.46/3.80 76.77/3.40 63.97/4.00
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