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Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota (Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: volva

The structure was elucidated in this paper
Publication DOI: /10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117754
Journal NLM ID: 101514040
Publisher: Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier
Correspondence: Z. Zhu <zhyuanzhu

tust.edu.cn>
Institutions: State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China, National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China, The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China

Enhancing waste utilization and reducing environmental pollution through edible mushroom waste, the research on extracting functional factors with biological activity from mushroom waste has attracted much attention in recent years. The immune activation effect of DRP-B (6.75 x 103 kDa) on RAW264.7 macrophages was studied for the first time. DRP-B was characterized by infrared, methylation and nuclear magnetism. Glucose and mannose were the major components of DRP-B. In addition, DRP-B had a significant promoting effect on macrophages, and boosted cell growth, engulfment, generation of nitric oxide, and release of cytokines in a manner that depended on the dosage. Western blotting results showed that the treated macrophages increased the expression of PI3K and nuclear translocation of p65, and signals from TLR-4 were activated. Based on these findings, DRP-B was considered for use in functional foods as an immunomodulatory agent. It was concluded that agricultural waste could be utilized for extracting active substances as well as for managing green wastes at value-added levels.

polysaccharide, structural analysis, Western blot, immune activity, RAW264.7 cells, Dictyophora rubrovalvata

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 6750
Location inside paper: p. 117754-5, Fig. 3F, table 2, DRP-B
Trivial name: polysaccharide DRP-B

Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, methylation, GC-MS, Western blotting, FTIR, SEM, UV-VIS, immunomodulatory activity analysis, compositions analysis
Comments, role: putative structure of DBP-R; published erroneous NMR chemical shifts of C5 #3,4_aDManp (60.79), C4 #3,4,4,3,3,4_bDXylp (69.10) and C1 #3,4,4,3,3,4,4_aDGalp (91.83) were removed by CSDB staff.

NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 1464785
Show glycosyltransferases

NMR conditions: in D2O [as TSV]

13C NMR data:
Linkage	Residue	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6
3,4,4,3,3	aDGlcp	99.61	71.50	71.40	79.50	73.60	60.70
3,4,4,3	aDManp	102.09	69.54	77.94	70.84	73.14	60.89
3,4,4	aDManp
3,4,4,3,3,4,4,6	aDGalp
3,4,4,3,3,4,4	aDGalp	?	71.40	74.12	71.20	73.10	65.40
3,4,4,3,3,4	bDXylp	102.37	74.43	74.48	?	63.57
3,4,6,6	aDGlcp	95.83	74.09	74.52	71.43	76.72	60.73
3,4,6	aDGlcp	98.00	71.30	74.60	70.80	72.50	66.70
3,4	aDManp	99.36	70.37	71.20	76.23	?	66.90
3	bDRhap	101.16	71.55	73.91	77.79	71.41	17.59
	bDGlcpA	99.89	72.30	84.00	70.90	76.40	175.60


1H NMR data:
Linkage	Residue	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5	H6
3,4,4,3,3	aDGlcp	5.08	3.30	3.34	3.29	3.22	3.87
3,4,4,3	aDManp	5.03	4.22	3.95	3.74	3.71	3.75
3,4,4	aDManp
3,4,4,3,3,4,4,6	aDGalp
3,4,4,3,3,4,4	aDGalp	5.17	3.48	3.18	3.49	3.65	3.91
3,4,4,3,3,4	bDXylp	4.43	3.15	3.40	3.58	3.20
3,4,6,6	aDGlcp	4.56	3.13	3.63	3.45	3.51	3.73
3,4,6	aDGlcp	4.93	3.52	3.68	3.50	3.56	3.81
3,4	aDManp	5.19	3.57	3.35	4.10	3.82	3.77
3	bDRhap	4.81	4.04	3.80	3.70	3.44	1.36
	bDGlcpA	4.61	3.30	3.60	3.50	3.60	-


1H/13C HSQC data:
Linkage	Residue	C1/H1	C2/H2	C3/H3	C4/H4	C5/H5	C6/H6
3,4,4,3,3	aDGlcp	99.61/5.08	71.50/3.30	71.40/3.34	79.50/3.29	73.60/3.22	60.70/3.87
3,4,4,3	aDManp	102.09/5.03	69.54/4.22	77.94/3.95	70.84/3.74	73.14/3.71	60.89/3.75
3,4,4	aDManp
3,4,4,3,3,4,4,6	aDGalp
3,4,4,3,3,4,4	aDGalp	?/5.17	71.40/3.48	74.12/3.18	71.20/3.49	73.10/3.65	65.40/3.91
3,4,4,3,3,4	bDXylp	102.37/4.43	74.43/3.15	74.48/3.40	?/3.58	63.57/3.20
3,4,6,6	aDGlcp	95.83/4.56	74.09/3.13	74.52/3.63	71.43/3.45	76.72/3.51	60.73/3.73
3,4,6	aDGlcp	98.00/4.93	71.30/3.52	74.60/3.68	70.80/3.50	72.50/3.56	66.70/3.81
3,4	aDManp	99.36/5.19	70.37/3.57	71.20/3.35	76.23/4.10	?/3.82	66.90/3.77
3	bDRhap	101.16/4.81	71.55/4.04	73.91/3.80	77.79/3.70	71.41/3.44	17.59/1.36
	bDGlcpA	99.89/4.61	72.30/3.30	84.00/3.60	70.90/3.50	76.40/3.60

¹H NMR data:

Linkage	Residue	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5	H6
3,4,4,3,3	aDGlcp	5.08	3.30	3.34	3.29	3.22	3.87
3,4,4,3	aDManp	5.03	4.22	3.95	3.74	3.71	3.75
3,4,4	aDManp
3,4,4,3,3,4,4,6	aDGalp
3,4,4,3,3,4,4	aDGalp	5.17	3.48	3.18	3.49	3.65	3.91
3,4,4,3,3,4	bDXylp	4.43	3.15	3.40	3.58	3.20
3,4,6,6	aDGlcp	4.56	3.13	3.63	3.45	3.51	3.73
3,4,6	aDGlcp	4.93	3.52	3.68	3.50	3.56	3.81
3,4	aDManp	5.19	3.57	3.35	4.10	3.82	3.77
3	bDRhap	4.81	4.04	3.80	3.70	3.44	1.36
	bDGlcpA	4.61	3.30	3.60	3.50	3.60

¹³C NMR data:

Linkage	Residue	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6
3,4,4,3,3	aDGlcp	99.61	71.50	71.40	79.50	73.60	60.70
3,4,4,3	aDManp	102.09	69.54	77.94	70.84	73.14	60.89
3,4,4	aDManp
3,4,4,3,3,4,4,6	aDGalp
3,4,4,3,3,4,4	aDGalp	?	71.40	74.12	71.20	73.10	65.40
3,4,4,3,3,4	bDXylp	102.37	74.43	74.48	?	63.57
3,4,6,6	aDGlcp	95.83	74.09	74.52	71.43	76.72	60.73
3,4,6	aDGlcp	98.00	71.30	74.60	70.80	72.50	66.70
3,4	aDManp	99.36	70.37	71.20	76.23	?	66.90
3	bDRhap	101.16	71.55	73.91	77.79	71.41	17.59
	bDGlcpA	99.89	72.30	84.00	70.90	76.40	175.60

The spectrum also has 3 signals at unknown positions (not plotted).

SMILES errors: aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-4)bDXylp(1-4)/aDGlcp(1-3)/aDManp(1-3)/n=3/aDManp(1-4)/n=4/[aDGlcp(1-6)aDGlcp(1-6)]aDManp(1-4)bDRhap(1-3)bDGlcpA:
SMILES error: could not calculate brutto descriptors of a molecule from SMILES C[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO[C@H]2O[C@H](CO[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]5O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]8O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%10O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%11O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%13O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%14O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%15O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%16O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]%17O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%18O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%19O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%20O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%21O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]%22OC[C@@H](O[C@H]%23O[C@H](CO[C@H]%24O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%24O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%23O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%22O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%21O)[C@@H]%20O)[C@@H]%19O)[C@@H]%18O)[C@@H]%17O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%16O)[C@@H]%15O)[C@@H]%14O)[C@@H]%13O)[C@@H]%12O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%11O)[C@@H]%10O)[C@@H]9O)[C@@H]8O)[C@@H]7O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@@H]5O)[C@@H]4O)[C@@H]3O)[C@@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O
Invalid SMILES C[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO[C@H]2O[C@H](CO[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]5O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]8O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%10O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%11O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%13O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%14O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%15O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%16O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]%17O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%18O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%19O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H] O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%21O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]"OC[C@@H](O[C@H]%23O[C@H](CO[C@H]%24O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%24O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%23O)[C@H](O)[C@H]"O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%21O)[C@@H] O)[C@@H]%19O)[C@@H]%18O)[C@@H]%17O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%16O)[C@@H]%15O)[C@@H]%14O)[C@@H]%13O)[C@@H]%12O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%11O)[C@@H]%10O)[C@@H]9O)[C@@H]8O)[C@@H]7O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@@H]5O)[C@@H]4O)[C@@H]3O)[C@@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O