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Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota (Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: fruiting bodies

The structure was elucidated in this paper
NCBI PubMed ID: 37321728
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121033
Journal NLM ID: 8307156
Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: C. Wang <wangchunyue

jlau.edu.cn>
Institutions: School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, School of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China

The large molecular weight of polysaccharides limits their absorption and utilization by organisms, affecting their biological activities. In this study, we purified α-1,6-galactan from Cantharellus cibarius Fr. (chanterelle) and reduced its molecular weight from approximately 20 kDa to 5 kDa (named CCP) to increase its solubility and absorption. In APP/PS1 mice, CCP improved both spatial and non-spatial memory loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice, as confirmed by the Morris water maze, step-down, step-through, and novel object recognition tests, and dampened the deposition of amyloid-β plaques, as assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. Proteomic analysis suggested that the neuroprotective effects of CCP are related to anti-neuroinflammation. Immunofluorescence analysis and western blotting confirmed that CCP attenuated AD-like symptoms partly by inhibiting neuroinflammation, which was related to the blocking of complement component 3. Our study provides theoretical support and experimental evidence for the future application of chanterelle-extracted polysaccharides in AD treatment, promoting the modern development of traditional medicines originating from natural polysaccharides.

Galactan, Alzheimer's disease, Cantharellus cibarius Fr., complement component 3, neuroinflammation

Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Location inside paper: Fig. S4, CCP
Trivial name: α-1,6-galactan (CCP)

Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, methylation, GC-MS, sugar analysis, Western blotting, FTIR, HPLC, statistical analysis, LC-MS/MS, HPGPC, proteomics analysis, immunohistochemistry, animal experiments, UV-vis, behavioral tests
Biological activity: CCP rescued learning ability and memory deficits, decreased the deposition of Aβ plaques, and dampened neuroinflammation in the brains of APP/PS1 mice, which may be partly related to C3-centered complement system.
Comments, role: The possible molecular structure model of CCP

Related record ID(s): 41533
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 36066
Show glycosyltransferases

SMILES errors: -6)aDGalp(1-6)[Me(1-3)]aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-6)[?DGlcp(1-2)]aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-6)[Me(1-3)]aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-6)[?DManp(1-2)]aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-6)[Me(1-3)]aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-6)[Me(1-3)]aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-6)[aDGalp(1-2)]aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-6)[Me(1-3)]aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-6)aDGalp(1-:
SMILES error: could not calculate brutto descriptors of a molecule from SMILES [*]OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](OC[C@H]3O[C@H](OC[C@H]4O[C@H](OC[C@H]5O[C@H](OC[C@H]6O[C@H](OC[C@H]7O[C@H](OC[C@H]8O[C@H](OC[C@H]9O[C@H](OC[C@H]%10O[C@H](OC[C@H]%11O[C@H](OC[C@H]%12O[C@H](OC[C@H]%13O[C@H](OC[C@H]%14O[C@H](OC[C@H]%15O[C@H](OC[C@H]%16O[C@H](OC[C@H]%17O[C@H](OC[C@H]%18O[C@H](OC[C@H]%19O[C@H](OC[C@H]%20O[C@H](OC[C@H]%21O[C@H](OC[C@H]%22O[C@H](OC[C@H]%23O[C@H](OC[C@H]%24O[C@H]([*])[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%24O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%23O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%22O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]%21O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%20O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%19O)[C@H](O[C@H]%19O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%19O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%18O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%17O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%16O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]%15O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%14O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]%13O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%12O)[C@H](OC%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]%12O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%11O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%10O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]9O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]8O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]7O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@H](OC6O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]5O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
Invalid SMILES [*]OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](OC[C@H]3O[C@H](OC[C@H]4O[C@H](OC[C@H]5O[C@H](OC[C@H]6O[C@H](OC[C@H]7O[C@H](OC[C@H]8O[C@H](OC[C@H]9O[C@H](OC[C@H]%10O[C@H](OC[C@H]%11O[C@H](OC[C@H]%12O[C@H](OC[C@H]%13O[C@H](OC[C@H]%14O[C@H](OC[C@H]%15O[C@H](OC[C@H]%16O[C@H](OC[C@H]%17O[C@H](OC[C@H]%18O[C@H](OC[C@H]%19O[C@H](OC[C@H] O[C@H](OC[C@H]%21O[C@H](OC[C@H]"O[C@H](OC[C@H]%23O[C@H](OC[C@H]%24O[C@H]([*])[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%24O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%23O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]"O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]%21O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H] O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%19O)[C@H](O[C@H]%19O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%19O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%18O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%17O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%16O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]%15O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%14O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]%13O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%12O)[C@H](OC%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]%12O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%11O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]%10O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]9O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]8O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]7O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@H](OC6O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]5O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O

Galactan, Alzheimer's disease, Cantharellus cibarius Fr., complement component 3, neuroinflammation

Structure type: fragment of a bigger structure
Location inside paper: table 3, CCP
Trivial name: α-1,6-galactan (CCP)

Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, methylation, GC-MS, sugar analysis, Western blotting, FTIR, HPLC, statistical analysis, LC-MS/MS, HPGPC, proteomics analysis, immunohistochemistry, animal experiments, UV-vis, behavioral tests
Comments, role: The possible molecular structure model of CCP

Related record ID(s): 41112
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 36066
Show glycosyltransferases

NMR conditions: in D2) [as TSV]

13C NMR data:
Linkage	Residue	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6
6,6	aDGalp	96.8	67.2	68.5	68.4	67.7	65.4
6,3	Me	55.0
6	aDGalp	96.6	66.2	77.7	64.0	67.8	65.4
	aDGalp


1H NMR data:
Linkage	Residue	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5	H6
6,6	aDGalp	4.94	3.79	3.83	3.97	4.16	3.63-3.86
6,3	Me	3.38
6	aDGalp	4.94	3.81	3.51	4.25	4.15	3.63-3.86
	aDGalp


1H/13C HSQC data:
Linkage	Residue	C1/H1	C2/H2	C3/H3	C4/H4	C5/H5	C6/H6
6,6	aDGalp	96.8/4.94	67.2/3.79	68.5/3.83	68.4/3.97	67.7/4.16	65.4/3.63-3.86
6,3	Me	55.0/3.38
6	aDGalp	96.6/4.94	66.2/3.81	77.7/3.51	64.0/4.25	67.8/4.15	65.4/3.63-3.86
	aDGalp

¹H NMR data:

Linkage	Residue	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5	H6
6,6	aDGalp	4.94	3.79	3.83	3.97	4.16	3.63 3.86
6,3	Me	3.38
6	aDGalp	4.94	3.81	3.51	4.25	4.15	3.63 3.86
	aDGalp

¹³C NMR data:

Linkage	Residue	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6
6,6	aDGalp	96.8	67.2	68.5	68.4	67.7	65.4
6,3	Me	55.0
6	aDGalp	96.6	66.2	77.7	64.0	67.8	65.4
	aDGalp

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

*OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](OC[C@H]3O[C@H](*)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize