The structure was elucidated in this paper NCBI PubMed ID:23544515 Publication DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.12.073 Journal NLM ID:8307156 Publisher: Elsevier Correspondence: Van Griensven LJ <leo.vangriensvenwur.nl>; Van Griensven LJ <leo.vangriensvengmail.com> Institutions: Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
The (1→6)-β-D-glucans from Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus brasiliensis were purified to evaluate their effects on the innate immune system. THP-1 macrophages were used to investigate the induction of the expression of TNF-α, IL1β, and COX-2 by RT-PCR. The purification of the polysaccharides gave rise to fractions containing 96-98% of glucose. The samples were analyzed by GC-MS, HPSEC and (13)C NMR, which confirmed the presence of homogeneous (1→6)-β-D-glucans. The β-glucans were incubated with THP-1 derived macrophages, for 3 h and 6 h to evaluate their effects on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Both β-glucans stimulated the expression of such genes as much as the pro-inflammatory control (LPS). When the cells were incubated with LPS+β-glucan, a significant inhibition of the expression of IL-1β and COX-2 was observed for both treatments after 3 h of incubation. By the results, we conclude that the (1→6)-β-D-glucans present an immunostimulatory activity when administered to THP-1 derived macrophages.
Methods: 13C NMR, methylation, GC-MS, HPSEC, extraction, acetylation, NaBH4 reduction, dialysis, centrifugation, TFA hydrolysis, precipitaion, cytokine assays Biological activity: after treatment of the human moncytic cell line THP-1 with isolated glucans it was concluded that they present an immunostimulatory activity; The b-glucan from A. bisporus (Glc-Ab) was able to reduce or inhibit the expression of IL-1β to 40%, at 50 μg/mL, after 3 h of treatment, compared to the pro-inflammatory control (LPS); Expression of COX-2 was reduced 50% or more, after 3 h of treatment for all doses; The β-glucan from A. brasiliensis (Glc-Abz) also significantly reduced or inhibited the expression of IL-1β and COX-2 compared to the pro-inflammatory control: The highest dose of β-glucan showed a reduction of 64% for IL-1β, and 36% for COX-2; The concentration of 50 μg/mL reduced the expression of COX-2 by 59% compared to the pro-inflammatory control Comments, role: molecular masses: Glc-Ab - 29000; Glc-Abz - 45000
Related record ID(s): 48766 NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs):5341, 307931 Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G26777BZ Show glycosyltransferases
Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota (Phylum: Basidiomycota) Organ / tissue:fruiting body
The structure was elucidated in this paper NCBI PubMed ID:24507254 Publication DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.087 Journal NLM ID:8307156 Publisher: Elsevier Correspondence: Wang J <wjg5118nwsuaf.edu.cn> Wang J <wjg5118yeah.net> Institutions: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
A water-insoluble β-(1-3)-D-glucan (GLPs) with few branches at C-6 and C-2 positions was extracted from the fruit body of Ganoderma Lucidum by 1M NaOH at 40 °C. By the striking inhibition of NO and TNF-α production, GLPs showed significant anti-inflammation activity against LPS induced Raw 264.7 cells. Results of RT-PCR revealed the down regulation of iNOS and TNF-α mRNA gene expression. GLPs severely inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα and JNK1/2, while the ERK1/2 and p38 were not apparently affected by GLPs. The neutralizing antibodies against dectin-1 and TLR-4, respectively, did not affect GLPs-mediated inhibition of NO production. But neutralizing of TLR2 affected the inhibition of NO. All of these results revealed that GLPs can inhibit the inflammation of Raw 264.7 cell induced by LPS at least partially attributed to the blocking of NF-κB and JNK MAPK, and TLR2 plays a major role in GLPs anti-inflammation activity.
cytokines, β-glucan, Ganoderma lucidum, anti-inflammation, signal pathways
Methods: methylation, GC-MS, ELISA, GLC, GC, Western blotting, FTIR, methanolysis, extraction, acetylation, dialysis, determination of NO production, centrifugation, hydrolysis, SEC-LLS, ANOVA, cytokine assays, trimethylsilylation, anti-inflammation assay Biological activity: inhibits inflamation in Raw 264.7 cells in a dose dependent manner; decreases the NO production, via blocking NF-kB; inhibits the phosphorylation of JNK MAPK signal pathways.
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wur.nl>; Van Griensven LJ <leo.vangriensven