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Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota (Phylum: Ascomycota)

Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.04.075
Journal NLM ID: 8307156
Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Methacanon P <pawadeem

mtec.or.th>
Institutions: National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), Klong Luang, Thailand, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Klong Luang, Thailand

Since many studies reveal that the biological properties of various biopolymers depend on their molecular weight. Therefore, it was considered of importance to investigate how molecular weight affected on the interleukin-8 (IL-8) stimulating activity of the β-glucan from Ophiocordyceps dipterigena BCC2073. γ-Irradiation of the glucan with various doses (0-100 kGy) was chosen as a clean method to produce different low molecular weight samples. The result showed that average molecular weight (MW) of irradiated samples significantly decreased as the irradiation dose increased whereas the functional groups of before and after irradiated glucans detected by FTIR and 13C-NMR were identical. However, difference in intensity of an absorption peak at 270 nm was found in the UV/vis spectra. The biological properties such as cytotoxicity, proliferation and IL-8 secretion of normal human dermal fibroblast contacted with various MW glucans were also tested. It was found that the glucan with MW of approximately 5 kDa exhibited the highest ability to induce IL-8 production. Apart from the MW effect, chain conformation seems to be involved. Thus, differences in solution conformation of various MW glucans via Congo red analysis were evaluated.

molecular weight, Chain conformation, γ-irradiation, fungal glucan, il-8

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 590000
Compound class: glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135614,IEDB_1397514,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_158555,IEDB_161166,IEDB_241101,IEDB_558867,IEDB_558869,IEDB_857743,IEDB_983931,SB_192

Methods: 13C NMR, ELISA, FTIR, GPC, UV, cytotoxicity assay, precipitation, phenol-sulfuric acid assay, MTT, Congo red assay, gamma irradiation, interleukin-8 assay
Biological activity: sample irradiated at 100 kGy possessing the lowest molecular weight of 5.2 kDa apparently stimulated the fibroblasts to produce the highest IL-8 content (2.38 ng/ml); samples irradiated between 0 and 50 kGy with molecular weight ranging from 120 to 9.2 kDa stimulated the fibroblasts to produce IL-8 about 0.73–1.28 ng/ml; molecular weight range the IL-8 production is not directly proportional to molecular weight; IL-8 content gradually raised to a maximum value at molecular weight of 35 kDa (at 10 kGy) and then dropped to the lowest value at molecular weight of 9.5 kDa (at 50 kGy)
Comments, role: γ-irradiation was shown to be an effective method to produce various low-molecular weight β-glucan without noticeable changes in functional groups of the glucan
3D data: conformation data

Related record ID(s): 41263, 43492
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 235378
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G77421BL
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

[*]O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]4[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]5[C@@H](O)[C@H]([*])O[C@H](CO)[C@H]5O)O[C@H](CO[C@@H]5O[C@H](CO[C@@H]6O[C@H](CO[C@@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]7O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5O)[C@H]4O)O[C@H](CO[C@@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]5O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5O)[C@H]4O)[C@H]3O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]2O)[C@@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota (Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: cell wall
Associated disease: infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans [ICD11: XN3EH

]

NCBI PubMed ID: 30123851
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2017.12.001
Journal NLM ID: 101728565
Publisher: Amsterdam: Elsevier
Correspondence: Nielsen K <knielsen

umn.edu>
Institutions: Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA

Cryptococcus neoformans is a human fungal pathogen that often causes infections in immunocompromised individuals. Upon inhalation into the lungs C. neoformans differentiates into cells with altered size and morphology, including production of large titan cells. Titan cells possess thickened cell wall and dense, cross-linked capsule when compared to in vitro grown cells. In addition, titan cells have increased cell wall chitin that is associated with a detrimental anti-inflammatory immune response. Here we examined the cell wall and capsule composition of in vitro, in vivo typical-sized and in vivo titan cells using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The monomer composition of cell wall polysaccharides showed that in vivo C. neoformans cells contained more glucosamine and less glucose than in vitro cells, suggesting alteration in abundance of both chitin and glucans, respectively. Low levels of galactosamine were also detected in carbohydrates from both in vivo and vitro cells. Within the in vivo cell population, differences in the proportions of cell wall and capsule monomers between typical and titan cells were also observed. Taken together, these results demonstrate that C. neoformans reshapes its cell wall and capsule composition during infection. These cell wall and capsule alterations likely help C. neoformans escape recognition by, and allow modulation of, the host immune system.

cell wall, capsule, Cryptococcus, C. neoformans, titan cells

Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Location inside paper: Abstract
Trivial name: chitin
Compound class: cell wall polysaccharide, glucan, cell wall polisaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135813,IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_153212,IEDB_241099,IEDB_423114,IEDB_423150,SB_74,SB_85

Methods: HPAEC-PAD, gamma irradiation, TFA hydrolysis
Comments, role: chitin level is increased in titan cells

Related record ID(s): 48634, 48636, 48650, 48651, 48652, 48689, 48691, 48694, 48715, 48752, 48757, 48764, 48769, 48785, 48794, 48795, 48801, 48804, 48828, 48853, 48859, 48872, 48900, 48901, 48984
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 5207
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G97099AY
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

*O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](*)[C@H](NC(C)=O)[C@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota (Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: capsule
Associated disease: infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans [ICD11: XN3EH

]

NCBI PubMed ID: 30123851
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2017.12.001
Journal NLM ID: 101728565
Publisher: Amsterdam: Elsevier
Correspondence: Nielsen K <knielsen

cell wall, capsule, Cryptococcus, C. neoformans, titan cells

Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Location inside paper: Introduction, p.5, paragraph 1(Accepted manuscript)
Trivial name: chitin
Compound class: cell wall polysaccharide, glucan, glucuronoxylomannogalactan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_115136,IEDB_130701,IEDB_134624,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136095,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_140630,IEDB_141794,IEDB_144983,IEDB_145668,IEDB_149549,IEDB_151528,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164174,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_190606,IEDB_423153,IEDB_983930,SB_163,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_197,SB_44,SB_67,SB_7,SB_72,SB_88

Methods: HPAEC-PAD, gamma irradiation, TFA hydrolysis
Comments, role: GXMGal capsule componens remained associated with the cell wall after γ-iradiation

Related record ID(s): 48634, 48636, 48650, 48651, 48652, 48689, 48691, 48694, 48715, 48752, 48757, 48764, 48769, 48785, 48794, 48795, 48801, 48804, 48828, 48853, 48859, 48872, 48900, 48901, 48902
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 5207
Show glycosyltransferases

There are 2 chemically distinct structures. Please, select:

[*]OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([*])[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[C@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]5O[C@H](COC(C)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]6OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@@H]5O)[C@@H]4O[C@@H]4OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H](O[C@@H]4O[C@H](C(=O)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H]3O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize