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Saerens KMJ, Roelants SLKW, Van Bogaert INA, Soetaert W
Identification of the UDP-glucosyltransferase gene UGTA1, responsible for the first glucosylation step in the sophorolipid biosynthetic pathway of Candida bombicola ATCC 22214
FEMS Yeast Research 11(1) (2011)
123–132
Candida bombicola ATCC 22214
(later renamed to: Starmerella bombicola ATCC22214)
(Ancestor NCBI TaxID 75736,
species name lookup)
Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota
(Phylum: Ascomycota)
Publication DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00695.xJournal NLM ID: 101085384Publisher: Oxford University Press
Correspondence: Saerens KMJ <Karen.Saerens
UGent.be>
Institutions: Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 is applied commercially for the production of sophorolipids from renewable resources such as vegetable oils or waste streams. Although much research has been performed on optimization of fermentation conditions and on the influence of feed source and process parameters on sophorolipid structures and yields, the metabolic pathway of these important bioproducts remains unclear. Here, we identify a glucosyltransferase gene UGTA1 and show that the gene product is responsible for the first glucosylation step in the biosynthetic pathway of sophorolipids. Moreover, we provide evidence that the second glucosylation step is catalysed by a different glucosyltransferase that acts independently from the first. Therefore, the biosynthesis of sophorolipids by C. bombicola involves two glucosyltransferases that act in a stepwise manner. The UGTA1 gene described here is the first identified gene with a clear function in sophorolipid production by this economically important yeast.
glucosyltransferase, biosurfactant, sophorolipid, Candida bombicola
Structure type: oligomer
C
30H
54O
12Location inside paper: fig. 3
Compound class: glycolipid, sophorolipid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_140628,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: HPLC-ELSD, enzyme assays
Comments, role: This sophorolipid is produced by glucosylation of an intermediary glucolipid by Glucosyltrasferase II.
Related record ID(s): 43630, 49801
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 75736
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Saerens KMJ, Roelants SLKW, Van Bogaert INA, Soetaert W
Identification of the UDP-glucosyltransferase gene UGTA1, responsible for the first glucosylation step in the sophorolipid biosynthetic pathway of Candida bombicola ATCC 22214
FEMS Yeast Research 11(1) (2011)
123-132
Candida bombicola ATCC 22214
(later renamed to: Starmerella bombicola ATCC22214)
(Ancestor NCBI TaxID 75736,
species name lookup)
Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota
(Phylum: Ascomycota)
Publication DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00695.xJournal NLM ID: 101085384Publisher: Oxford University Press
Correspondence: Saerens KMJ <Karen.Saerens
UGent.be>
Institutions: Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 is applied commercially for the production of sophorolipids from renewable resources such as vegetable oils or waste streams. Although much research has been performed on optimization of fermentation conditions and on the influence of feed source and process parameters on sophorolipid structures and yields, the metabolic pathway of these important bioproducts remains unclear. Here, we identify a glucosyltransferase gene UGTA1 and show that the gene product is responsible for the first glucosylation step in the biosynthetic pathway of sophorolipids. Moreover, we provide evidence that the second glucosylation step is catalysed by a different glucosyltransferase that acts independently from the first. Therefore, the biosynthesis of sophorolipids by C. bombicola involves two glucosyltransferases that act in a stepwise manner. The UGTA1 gene described here is the first identified gene with a clear function in sophorolipid production by this economically important yeast.
glucosyltransferase, biosurfactant, sophorolipid, Candida bombicola
Structure type: monomer
Location inside paper: fig. 3
Trivial name: bolaform
Compound class: glycolipid, sophorolipid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: enzyme assays
Comments, role: This structure is an intermediate product in sophorolipid production by UDP-glucose.
Related record ID(s): 43617
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 75736
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De Ruiter GA, van Bruggen-Van der Lugt AW, Mischnick P, Smid P, van Boom JH, Notermans SHW, Rombouts FM
2-O-methyl-D-mannose residues are immunodominant in extracellular polysaccharides of Mucor racemosus and related molds
Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 (1994)
4299-4306
Mucor hiemalis Wehmer CBS 201.28
(Ancestor NCBI TaxID 64493,
species name lookup)
Mucor racemosus Fres. H473-R5
(Ancestor NCBI TaxID 4841,
species name lookup)
Mucor circinelloides van Tieghem M 40
(Ancestor NCBI TaxID 36080,
species name lookup)
Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Lind CBS 609.82
(Ancestor NCBI TaxID 4846,
species name lookup)
Rhizomucor pusillus (Lindt) Schipper CBS 432.78
(Ancestor NCBI TaxID 4840,
species name lookup)
Absidia corymbifera LU 017
(Ancestor NCBI TaxID 42458,
species name lookup)
Syncephalastrum racemosum CBS 443.59
(Ancestor NCBI TaxID 13706,
species name lookup)
Thamnidium elegans Link CBS 342.55
(Ancestor NCBI TaxID 101142,
species name lookup)
Taxonomic group: fungi / Mucoromycota
(Phylum: Mucoromycota)
NCBI PubMed ID: 8307996Journal NLM ID: 2985121RPublisher: Baltimore, MD: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Institutions: Department of Food Science, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands
In this study, the structure of the immunodominant carbohydrate epitope of the extracellular polysaccharides from mold species belonging to the order Mucorales reactive with rabbit IgG antibodies was elucidated. An exo-α-D-mannanase which was able to abolish the antigenicity of these polysaccharides completely was purified and characterized, and the activity was compared with that of an α-D-mannosidase. Analysis of the monomeric reaction products after enzymatic treatment revealed the presence of 2-O-methyl-D-mannose residues. This compound is a constituent of the polysaccharides from the mold genera Mucor, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Absidia, Syncephalastrum, and Thamnidium, and its occurrence in fungi has not been reported until now. Two mannan fractions which are highly reactive with rabbit IgG were isolated from the extracellular polysaccharides of Mucor racemosus and characterized with ethylation analysis. The role of the newly found 2-O-methyl-D-mannose residues in the immunoreactivity was assessed by specific degradation of these mannans with the exo-α-D-mannanase and subsequent ethylation analysis. It was concluded that the immunodominant carbohydrates reactive with rabbit IgG are chains composed of a single terminal non-reducing 2-O-methyl-D-mannose residue, α-(1-2)-linked to a short sequence of α-(1-2)-linked D-mannose residues.
Structure type: oligomer
Location inside paper: figure 7
Compound class: EPS, EPS antigen, mucoralean
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_136104,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141830,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_152206,IEDB_983930,SB_136,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72
Methods: gel filtration, GLC-MS, SDS-PAGE, anion-exchange chromatography, HPAEC, enzymatic degradation, FPLC, periodate oxidation, ethylation analysis, DAS-ELISA, enzyme assays
Comments, role: the structure is not well defined in the paper; degradation product. Organism authority: Absidia corymbifera (Cohn) Sacc. & Trotter; Syncephalastrum racemosum (Cohn)
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 64493,
4841,
36080,
4846,
4840,
42458,
13706,
101142Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G60944SA, CCSD:
31738, CBank-STR:6346
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