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1. (CSDB ID: 43811) | report error |
| b-D-GlcpA-(1-2)-+ | -3)-a-D-Manp-(1-3)-a-D-Manp-(1-3)-a-D-Manp-(1- | Show graphically |
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Cryptococcus neoformans
(NCBI TaxID 5207,
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isciii.esThe capsule of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans has been studied extensively in recent decades and a large body of information is now available to the scientific community. Well-known aspects of the capsule include its structure, antigenic properties and its function as a virulence factor. The capsule is composed primarily of two polysaccharides, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) and galactoxylomannan (GalXM), in addition to a smaller proportion of mannoproteins (MPs). Most of the studies on the composition of the capsule have focused on GXM, which comprises more than 90% of the capsule's polysaccharide mass. It is GalXM, however, that is of particular scientific interest because of its immunological properties. The molecular structure of these polysaccharides is very complex and has not yet been fully elucidated. Both GXM and GalXM are high molecular mass polymers with the mass of GXM equaling roughly 10 times that of GalXM. Recent findings suggest, however, that the actual molecular weight might be different to what it has traditionally been thought to be. In addition to their structural roles in the polysaccharide capsule, these molecules have been associated with many deleterious effects on the immune response. Capsular components are therefore considered key virulence determinants in C. neoformans, which has motivated their use in vaccines and made them targets for monoclonal antibody treatments. In this review, we will provide an update on the current knowledge of the C. neoformans capsule, covering aspects related to its structure, synthesis and particularly, its role as a virulence factor.
Cryptococcus neoformans, Glucuronoxylomannan, galactoxylomannan, cryptococcosis, fungus vaccine
Structure type: suggested polymer biological repeating unit ; 1700000-7000000|
2. (CSDB ID: 43986) | report error |
| -4)-a-D-GlcpA-(1-3)-D-Manp-(1- | Show graphically |
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Mucor rouxii
(later renamed to: Amylomyces rouxii)
(NCBI TaxID 29923,
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Mucoran, an acidic heteropolysaccharide isolated from the cell walls of the fungus Mucor rouxii, was purified by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. It consists mainly of D-glucuronic acid, D-mannose, and L-fucose in a 5:3:2 ratio plus small proportions of galactose and glucose. Mucoran was subjected to methylation by the Hakomori procedure. Only about 60-70% of the polysaccharide was recovered as fully methylated material. A large proportion of this methylated material was dialyzable, indicating extensive depolymerization, probably via β-elimination, during exposure to dimethylsulfinyl carbanion. The fully methylated fraction of mucoran (both dialyzable and nondialyzable portions) consists of unbranched glucuronomannan chains, with equal proportions of 4-linked D-glucuronic acid residues and 3-linked D-mannose residues. The aldobiouronic acid, α-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid-(1→3)-D-mannose, was a major product of partial acid hydrolysis of mucoran. The principal structural feature of mucoran is the following alternating sequence of D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) and D-mannose (Man) residues: D-Man-(1→[4)-α-D-GlcA-(1→3)-D-Man-(1]n-.
chemical structure, mucoran, Mucor rouxii, glucuronomannan
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit ; n=10-20| New query | Export IDs | Home | Help |
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