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Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota (Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: fruiting body

NCBI PubMed ID: 8575820
Publication DOI: 10.1007/BF00587302
Journal NLM ID: 0420404
Publisher: New York, NY: Springer Verlag
Institutions: Department of Laboratory Animal Science, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan

Lentinan, an antitumor polysaccharide used clinically in Japan, requires the intact T cell compartment to manifest its antitumor effects. The aim of the current study was to clarify the mechanisms playing crucial roles in the T cell requirement in the expression of antitumor effects of lentinan. Lentinan treatment of BDF1 mice transplanted intradermally with FBL-3 induced complete tumor regression and a marked increase in survival time. The antitumor action of lentinan was abolished in mice treated simultaneously with antibodies to CD4 and CD8 antigens, whereas antibody to CD4, CD8 or NK1.1 alone was ineffective. The natural killer, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and helper T cell activities were already augmented in this FBL-3/BDF1 system and thus further augmentation of these activities by lentinan was not observed. These activities did not correlate with the antitumor activity of lentinan, as was confirmed in lymphocyte subset depletion experiments. On the contrary, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response against tumor-associated antigens was triggered by lentinan and was abrogated only in mice treated simultaneously with antibodies to CD4 and CD8 antigens. Furthermore, a non-cytolytic tumor-associated antigen-specific CD4+ T cell clone able to induce the DTH response in concert with lentinan reconstituted the antitumor effects in B6 nude mice when administered with lentinan. These results suggest that, in addition to the augmentation of immune effector cell activity against tumors, infiltration of these cells into the tumor burden initiated by the DTH responses at tumor sites may be involved in eradication of tumors by lentinan.

lentinan, antitumor effect

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 300000-800000
Location inside paper: lentinan, p.215
Trivial name: lentinan
Compound class: glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1397514,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_158555,IEDB_161166,IEDB_241101,IEDB_558869,IEDB_857743,IEDB_983931,SB_192

Methods: PAGE, analysis of genes, Northern blot, interleukin-6 assay
Comments, role: only late mIL-6 expression, and therefore lentinan-specific DT-APR, is controlled by ltnl

Related record ID(s): 45376, 45377, 45378, 45379, 45380, 45383, 45384, 45385, 45387, 45388, 45389, 45390, 45391, 45392, 45393, 45395, 45396, 45397, 45398, 45399, 45405, 45408, 48347, 48358, 48474, 48490, 49209
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 5353
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G14698DR
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

[*]O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]4[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]5[C@@H](O)[C@H]([*])O[C@H](CO)[C@H]5O)O[C@H](CO[C@@H]5O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5O)[C@H]4O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]3O)O[C@H](CO[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota (Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: fruiting body

NCBI PubMed ID: 12132673
Publication DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.931
Journal NLM ID: 9311984
Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
Correspondence: ohnonao

ps.toyaku.ac.jp
Institutions: Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo, Japan, Minahealth Co., Ltd., Menuma, Ohsato, Saitama, Japan

Sparassis crispa Fr. is an edible mushroom recently cultivable in Japan. It contains a remarkably high content of 6-branched 1,3-β-D-glucan showing antitumor activity. Using ion-exchange chromatography, a purified β-glucan preparation, SCG, was prepared. In this study, we examined the hematopoietic response by SCG in cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced leukopenic mice. SCG enhanced the hematopoietic response in CY induced leukopenic mice by intraperitoneal routes over a wide range of concentrations. SCG enhanced the hematopoietic response in CY-treated mice by prior or post administration. Analyzing the leukocyte population by flow cytometry, monocytes and granulocytes in the peritoneal cavity, liver, spleen and bone marrow (BM) recovered faster than in the control group. The ratio of natural killer cells and gammadelta T cells in the liver, spleen and peritoneal cavity was also increased. In contrast, CD4+ CD8+ cells in the thymus were temporarily significantly decreased by the administration of SCG. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production of CY+SCG-treated peritoneal exdated cells (PECs), spleen cells and bone marrow cells (BMCs) were higher than that of the CY-treated group. By in vitro culture of CY-treated PEC and spleen cells, IL-6 production was enhanced by the addition of SCG. These facts suggested the possibility that IL-6 might be a key cytokine for the enhanced hematopoietic response by SCG.

β-glucan, interleukin-6, SCG, hematopoietic response, natural killer cell

Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Location inside paper: SCG, p.931
Trivial name: pachyman, β-1,3/1,6-glucan, schizophyllan, TM8, grifolan, lentinan, scleroglucan, grifolan, schizophyllan, tylopilan, pleuran, a water soluble polysaccharide, laminarin, alkaline-soluble polysaccharide, (1,3)-β-D-glucan
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, glucan, polysaccharide, β-glucan, β-D-glucan (GLP)
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1397514,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_158555,IEDB_161166,IEDB_241101,IEDB_558869,IEDB_857743,IEDB_983931,SB_192

Methods: ELISA, extraction, flow cytometry analysis, precipitation, biological assay, interleukin-6 assay
Biological activity: enhances the hematopoietic response (optimal dose 250 μg/mouse); the administration of SCG in cyclophosphamide-treated mice signiﬁcantly modulated the maturation of thymocytes

Related record ID(s): 41835
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 139825
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G66305IS, CCSD:6483, CBank-STR:10801
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

[*]O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](O)[C@H]([*])O[C@H](CO)[C@H]3O)O[C@H](CO[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota (Phylum: Ascomycota)

The structure was elucidated in this paper
NCBI PubMed ID: 17201124
Journal NLM ID: 8102988
Publisher: Attiki, Greece: International Institute of Anticancer Research
Correspondence: Kimura Y <yokim

m.ehime-u.ac.jp>
Institutions: Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Basic Medical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan, Division of Functional Histology, Department of Functinal Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan, Research and Development, Daiso Co. Ltd., Amagasaki, Japan

Though it has been reported that β-glucans or protein-binding hetero-glucans isolated from mushrooms have antitumor activity, the antitumor and antimetastatic actions of purified, structurally defined polysaccharides (such as β-glucans) have not been proven yet. A new low molecular weight (approximately 100 kDa) β-glucan was isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans black yeast, and was found to have low viscosity and to be water-soluble. The industrial production of this P-glucan was achieved from the culture media of A. pullulans. The effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight (LMW) β-(1→3) and 50-80% branched β-(1→6) glucan isolated from A. pullulans on tumor growth and metastasis to the liver were examined in mice intrasplenically with implanted colon 26 tumor cells. In addition, to clarify the antitumor and antimetastatic actions of LMW β-(1,3-1,6) glucan, the effects on immune functions in the small intestine were also examined. The intraperitoneal (5 and 15 mg/kg) and oral (50 mg/kg) administration of LMW P-(1.3-1.6) glucan inhibited the tumor growth and liver metastasis in mice intrasplenically implanted with colon 26 cells. The numbers of natural killer (NK)- and interferon (IFN)-gamma-positive cells in the small intestine of colon 26-bearing mice were lower than those in normal mice. The intraperitoneally and orally administered LMW β-(1,3-1,6) glucan prevented the reduction of the number of NK- and IFN-gamma-positive cells induced by the tumor growth after implantation of colon 26 cells. These findings suggest that the antitumor and antimetastatic actions of LMW β-(1,3-1,6) glucan may involve the enhancement of intestinal immune functions through increases in NK- and IFN-gamma-positive cell numbers.

antitumor, water-soluble low-molecular-weight β-(1→3) with β-(1→6) D-glucan, antimetastasis, small intestinal immune function

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 100000
Location inside paper: Fig. 3, LMW-β-glucan
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1397514,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_158555,IEDB_161166,IEDB_241101,IEDB_558869,IEDB_857743,IEDB_983931,SB_192

Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, biological assays, extraction, gel chromatography, cell growth, cytotoxicity assay, precipitation, antitumor activity assay, centrifugation, interleukin-6 assay
Biological activity: LMW-β-glucan decreased the tumor weight and liver metastasis in mice intrasplenically implanted with colon 26 cells and increased the numbers of NK- and IFN-Á-positive cells in the small intestine; stimulated IL-6 production in the Raw 264.6 cells most strongly (approx.240 pg/ml); antitumor activity in colon 26-bearing mice: i.p. administration at a dose of 15 mg/kg decreased the tumor weight (no effect at 5 mg/kg) and p.o. administration decreased the tumor weight at a dose of 50 mg/kg (no effect at 25 mg/kg); i.p. administration (5 and 15 mg/kg) inhibited liver metastasis and p.o. administration at a dose of 50 mg/kg inhibited the tumor metastasis to the liver(no effect at 25 mg/kg); p.o. administration at a dose of 50 mg/kg inhibited the reduction of NK- and IFN-γ-positive cells (no effect at 25 mg/kg); stimulated NK activity in IELs of the small intestine in vitro at the concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/mL
Comments, role: total branching degree: 50-80% β-(1-6)-side chains

Related record ID(s): 45558, 45739, 45741, 45742
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 5580
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G22852XL
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

[*]O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](O)[C@H]([*])O[C@H](CO[C@@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H]3O)O[C@H](CO[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize