Yan JM, Han Z, Qu YH, Yao C, Shen DY, Tai GH, Cheng HR, Zhou YF Structure elucidation and immunomodulatory activity of a β-glucan derived from the fruiting bodies of Amillariella mellea Food Chemistry240 (2018)
534-543
The structure was elucidated in this paper NCBI PubMed ID:28946308 Publication DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.154 Journal NLM ID:7702639 Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Correspondence: Cheng HR <chenghr893nenu.edu.cn>; Zhou YF <zhouyf383nenu.edu.cn> Institutions: Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
A novel polysaccharide AAMP-A70 (5.6 kDa) has been purified from the fruiting bodies of Amillariella mellea. Compositional analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectra indicate that AAMP-A70 is a branched beta-glucan with a main chain that consists of beta-D-(1 -> 6) linked Glc rho residues substituted at O-3 by beta-Glc rho or alpha-D-(1 -> 6)-linked Gal rho side chains. AAMP-A70 increases macrophage phagocytosis and secretion of NO, ROS, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta. Mechanistically, AAMP-A70 promotes degradation of I kappa B-alpha and nuclear translocation of the NF-kappa B p65 subunit, and enhances phosphorylation of MAPKs. In particular, the function blocking antibody to TLR2 substantially suppresses TNF-a and IL-6 production. Our data demonstrate that AAMP-A70 activates macrophages via NF-kappa B/MAPK signaling pathways and the TLR2 receptor. Overall, AAMP-A70 may serve as a good food supplement to enhance immunity.
Kim SE, Lee YH, Park JH, Lee SK Ginsenoside-Rs(3), a new diol-type ginseng saponin, selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21(WAF1) leading to induction of apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells Anticancer Research19(1A) (1999)
487-491
In this paper, we present evidence that Ginsenoside-Rs(3) (G-Rs3), a new diol-type ginseng saponin isolated from the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, efficiently arrests the cell cycle at the G1/S boundary at lower doses, 0.1-5 μM, but induces apoptosis at higher doses, 10-25 μM, the effects of which were associated with selectively elevating protein levels of p53 and p21(WAF1) in SK-HEP-1 cells. The cell growth suppressive and apoptosis inducing effects were confirmed by MTT assays together with flow cytometric analyses, morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. Immunoblotting showed that G-Rrs3 significantly elevated protein levels of p53 and p21(WAF1) prior to inducing apoptosis, while it did not elevate those of cyclin E, cyclin A, p27(Kip1), and PCNA. Immune complex kinase assays showed that G-Rs3 downregulated the activities of both cyclins E- and A-associated kinases. Collectively, we suggest that G-Rs3 selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21 and hence downregulates the activities of the cyclin-dependent kinases, resulting in cell cycle nn est at the G1/S boundary. We also propose that apoptosis induced by G-Rs3 is related to the elevations of p53 and p21(WAF1) in the cells.
Methods: DNA techniques, immunoblotting, morphological analysis, flow cytometry analysis, MTT assay, immune complex kinase assay Biological activity: G-Rs3 arrests cell cycle at the G1/S boundary at 0.1-5 μM, induces apoptosis at 10-25 μM and elevated protein levels of p53 and p21(WAF1) in SK-HEP-1 cells. Comments, role: full text of article is not available, record was created with help of WOS database, structure was reproduced according to Pubchem/ChemSpider
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(later renamed to: Armillaria mellea)
nenu.edu.cn>; Zhou YF <zhouyf383