Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota
(Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: fruiting body
The structure was elucidated in this paperNCBI PubMed ID: 32933694Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116874Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Chen Z <zhongzhengch
scau.edu.cn>; Xie Y <xieyizhen
126.com>
Institutions: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China, Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
Ganoderma leucocontextum is a new species of Ganoderma discovered in 2014. Up to now, the structural characteristics and immunoregulatory activity of its polysaccharides remain virtually unknown. In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide termed, GLP-3, was purified from G. leucocontextum by ultrafiltration and column chromatography. The results revealed that GLP-3 mainly consisted of glucose (92.7 %) and its weight average molecular weight was 159.7 kDa. The structural analysis indicated that the backbone of GLP-3 was →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ with a β-Glcp-(1→ branch. Atomic force microscopy and Congo red experiments revealed that GLP-3 might possess a globular structure with triple-helix conformation in water. Moreover, GLP-3 was recognized by toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and exerted immunomodulatory effects via activating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Collectively, these results suggested that GLP-3 could be developed as a potential functional food ingredient for immunomodulation.
structure, polysaccharide, Toll-Like Receptor 2, Immunostimulatory activity, Ganoderma leucocontextum
Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 159700
Location inside paper: Fig. 2, C, Table 2
Compound class: glucan, polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_140629,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_420417,IEDB_420418,IEDB_420421,IEDB_857742,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, methylation, IR, GC-MS, X-ray, inhibition studies, ELISA, acid hydrolysis, Western blotting, UV, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), extraction, acetylation, methylation analysis, reduction, column chromatography, dialysis, determination of NO production, cytokine production, cell viability assay, HPGPC, precipitation, phenol-sulfuric acid assay, m-hydroxydiphenyl colorimetric method, Bradford method, evaporation, complex formation with Congo Red, DEPT, Sevag method, centrifugation, phagocytosis assay, AFM, filtration, pinocytosis assay, thermogravimetric analysis, chromogenic LAL assay
Biological activity: polysaccharide possessed significant immunomodulatory activities by enhancing pinocytic and phagocytic capacities and promoting NO, cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-10) and chemokine (CXCL5, MIP-2 and MCP-1) production
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 1566825Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G68863RF
Show glycosyltransferases
NMR conditions: in D2O
[as TSV]
13C NMR data:
Linkage Residue C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
6,4 aDGlcp 101.14 72.88 74.58 78.35 72.53 61.95
6 aDGlcp 101.14 72.88 74.58 78.35 72.53 61.95
4 bDGlcp 101.66 72.81 75.54 69.20 71.54 60.33
bDGlcp 101.77 73.09 75.54 77.00 71.12 66.97
1H NMR data:
Linkage Residue H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6
6,4 aDGlcp 5.32 3.56 3.89 3.57 3.78 3.78
6 aDGlcp 5.32 3.56 3.89 3.57 3.78 3.78
4 bDGlcp 4.40 3.19 3.45 3.37 3.52 3.68-3.82
bDGlcp 4.43 3.25 3.45 3.60 3.78 3.57
1H/13C HSQC data:
Linkage Residue C1/H1 C2/H2 C3/H3 C4/H4 C5/H5 C6/H6
6,4 aDGlcp 101.14/5.32 72.88/3.56 74.58/3.89 78.35/3.57 72.53/3.78 61.95/3.78
6 aDGlcp 101.14/5.32 72.88/3.56 74.58/3.89 78.35/3.57 72.53/3.78 61.95/3.78
4 bDGlcp 101.66/4.40 72.81/3.19 75.54/3.45 69.20/3.37 71.54/3.52 60.33/3.68-3.82
bDGlcp 101.77/4.43 73.09/3.25 75.54/3.45 77.00/3.60 71.12/3.78 66.97/3.57
1H NMR data:
| Linkage | Residue | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 |
|---|
| 6,4 | aDGlcp | 5.32 | 3.56 | 3.89 | 3.57 | 3.78 | 3.78 |
| 6 | aDGlcp | 5.32 | 3.56 | 3.89 | 3.57 | 3.78 | 3.78 |
| 4 | bDGlcp | 4.40 | 3.19 | 3.45 | 3.37 | 3.52 | 3.68
3.82 |
| | bDGlcp | 4.43 | 3.25 | 3.45 | 3.60 | 3.78 | 3.57 |
|
13C NMR data:
| Linkage | Residue | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 |
|---|
| 6,4 | aDGlcp | 101.14 | 72.88 | 74.58 | 78.35 | 72.53 | 61.95 |
| 6 | aDGlcp | 101.14 | 72.88 | 74.58 | 78.35 | 72.53 | 61.95 |
| 4 | bDGlcp | 101.66 | 72.81 | 75.54 | 69.20 | 71.54 | 60.33 |
| | bDGlcp | 101.77 | 73.09 | 75.54 | 77.00 | 71.12 | 66.97 |
|
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
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