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Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota (Phylum: Ascomycota)
Organ / tissue: yeast cell wall

NCBI PubMed ID: 34893243
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118826
Journal NLM ID: 8307156
Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: E. Coelho <ecoelho

ua.pt>
Institutions: LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal

Recent advances on brewer's yeast cell wall polysaccharides have unraveled exquisite structural features and diverse composition with (β1→3), (β1→6), (α1→4), (β1→4)-mix-linked glucans that are recognized to interact with different cell receptors and trigger specific biological responses. Herein, a comprehensive showcase of structure-biofunctional relationships between yeast polysaccharides and their biological targets is highlighted, with a focus on polysaccharide features that govern the biomedical activity. The insolubility of β-glucans is a crucial factor for binding and activation of Dectin-1 receptor, operating as adjuvants of immune responses. Contrarily, soluble low molecular weight β-glucans have a strong inhibition of reactive oxygen species production, acting as antagonists of Dectin-1 mediated signaling. Soluble glucan-protein moieties can also act as antitumoral agents. The balance between mannoproteins-TLR2 and β-glucans-Dectin-1 receptors-activation is crucial for osteogenesis. Biomedical applications value can also be obtained from yeast microcapsules as oral delivery systems, where highly branched (β1→6)-glucans lead to higher receptor affinity.

drug delivery, beta-glucan, mannoprotein, brewer's spent yeast, microcapsule, regenerative medicine

Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Location inside paper: Fig. 2G
Trivial name: glycogen
Compound class: α-glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_140629,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_420417,IEDB_420418,IEDB_420419,IEDB_420421,IEDB_857742,IEDB_983931,SB_192

Comments, role: review; Saccharomyces sp. without species and strain assignment;

NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 4930
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

[*]O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]4[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]5[C@@H](CO[C@H]6O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]8O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]9O)[C@H](O)[C@H]8O)[C@H](O)[C@H]7O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)O[C@H](O[C@@H]6[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]7[C@@H](CO[C@H]8O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]%10O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]%11O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%11O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%10O)[C@H](O)[C@H]9O)[C@H](O)[C@H]8O)O[C@H](O[C@@H]8[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]9[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]([*])[C@H](O)[C@H]9O)[C@H](O)[C@H]8O)[C@H](O)[C@H]7O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

Warning = sub-repeat ending at aDGlcp: unknown unit count was assumed to be 3
Warning = sub-repeat ending at aDGlcp: unknown unit count was assumed to be 3

drug delivery, beta-glucan, mannoprotein, brewer's spent yeast, microcapsule, regenerative medicine

Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Location inside paper: Fig. 2H
Trivial name: glycogen
Compound class: α-glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1397514,IEDB_140629,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_158555,IEDB_161166,IEDB_420417,IEDB_420418,IEDB_420419,IEDB_420421,IEDB_558869,IEDB_857742,IEDB_857743,IEDB_983931,SB_192

Comments, role: review; Saccharomyces sp. without species and strain assignment; glycogen linked to (β1→3)-D-glucans

NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 4930
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

[*]O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]4[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]5[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]6[C@@H](CO[C@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]8O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]%10O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%10O)[C@H](O)[C@H]9O)[C@H](O)[C@H]8O)[C@H](O)[C@H]7O)O[C@H](O[C@@H]7[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]8[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]9[C@@H](CO[C@@H]%10O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]%11O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]%13O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%13O)[C@H]%12O)[C@H]%11O)[C@H]%10O)O[C@H]([*])[C@H](O)[C@H]9O)[C@H](O)[C@H]8O)[C@H](O)[C@H]7O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

Warning = sub-repeat ending at bDGlcp: unknown unit count was assumed to be 3
Warning = sub-repeat ending at aDGlcp: unknown unit count was assumed to be 3