Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: Compound O
Compound class: glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_581506,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 8812
  Wang J, Chen HL, Gao J, Guo JX, Zhao XS, Zhou YF "Ginsenosides and ginsenosidases in the pathobiology of ginseng-Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinss) Scholten" - Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 123 (2018) 406-413
  

  To investigate the role that ginsenosides (and some of their metabolites) play in interactions between plants and phytopathogenic fungi (e.g. Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinss) Scholten), we systematically determined the anti-fungal activities of six major ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re and Rg1), along with the metabolites of ginsenoside Rb1 (Gypenoside XVII (G-XVII) and F2), against the ginseng root pathogen C. destructans (Zinss) Scholten and non-ginseng pathogens Fusarium graminearum Schw., Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard et Suggs, Phytophthora megasperma Drech. and Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Our results showed that the growth of both ginseng pathogens and non-pathogens could be inhibited by using the proto-panaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides Re and Rg1. In addition, the growth of the non-pathogens could also be inhibited by using proto-panaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd, whereas the growth of ginseng pathogen C. destructans (Zinss) Scholten was enhanced by ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb2. In contrast, ginsenoside G-XVII and F2 strongly inhibited the hyphal growth of both C. destructans (Zinss) Scholten and the non-pathogens tested. Furthermore, addition of sucrose to the media increased the growth of C. destructans (Zinss) Scholten, whereas glucose did not affect the growth. Moreover, C. destructans (Zinss) Scholten and all four non-pathogens were able to deglycosylate PPD ginsenosides using a similar transformation pathway, albeit with different sensitivities. We also discussed the anti-fungal structure-activity relationships of the ginsenosides. Our results suggest that the pathogenicity of C. destructans (Zinss) Scholten against ginseng root is independent of its ability to deglycosylate ginsenosides.

  pathogenicity, antifungal activity, glycosidase, ginsenosides, araliaceae, Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinss) scholten, panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

  NCBI PubMed ID: 29306188
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.038
  Journal NLM ID: 9882449
  Publisher: Elsevier Science for Société Française De Physiologie Végétale
  Correspondence: Zhao XS ; Zhou YF
  Institutions: School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China, School of Sciences, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China, School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
  Methods: 13C NMR, biological assays, HPLC, CC
  
   
  
  Cylindrocarpon destructans, Fusarium graminearum, Exserohilum turcicum, Phytophthora megasperma, Pyricularia oryzae
  CSDB ID 49099 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 18000
Compound class: polysaccharide, galactomannan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_136095,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137485,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140116,IEDB_140629,IEDB_141795,IEDB_141830,IEDB_141834,IEDB_141835,IEDB_141836,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164480,IEDB_190606,IEDB_420417,IEDB_420418,IEDB_420421,IEDB_581506,IEDB_76933,IEDB_857742,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_136,SB_192,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 9414
  Chen Y, Wang T, Zhang X, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ "Structural and immunological studies on the polysaccharide from spores of a medicinal entomogenous fungus Paecilomyces cicadae" - Carbohydrate Polymers 254 (2021) ID 117462
  

  A neutral branched heteropolysaccharide (Pc0-1) was purified from the spores of Paecilomyces cicadae, which parasitized in the bamboo cicada (Platylomia pieli Kato). The structure of Pc0-1 was analyzed by HPLC, IR, methylation and NMR spectroscopy. The results reveal that Pc0-1, with an average molecular weight of 18000 kDa, consists of glucose, galactose, mannose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 8:5:4:1. Some of the glucose residues have methyl modification at O-6 position. The Pc0-1 polysaccharide has a core structure containing 1,2-linked α-D-Manp residues as the backbone and branches at the O-3 and O-6 of the α-D-Manp residues. The inner part of the side-chains is comprised of 1,4-linked α-D-Glcp and 1,4-linked 6-O-Me-α-D-Glcp residues. 1,2-linked β-Galf and minor 1,4-linked Arap and 1,3 or 4-linked Arap residues were occasionally linked at the outside of the side-chains. The side-chains have a single terminal residue of α-D-Glcp, α-Manp, β-Galf or minor Arap (minor). Studies on the bioactivity of Pc0-1 on the macrophages show it exhibit moderate immunostimulating activity through increasing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and enhancing the secretion of major inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, such as TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6, in RAW 264.7 cells. We examined the effect of Pc0-1 on induced NO and cytokine production in macrophages using anti-PRR antibodies to investigate the membrane receptor for the polysaccharide. The results show that Pc0-1 mainly activates macrophages through their mannose receptor (MR). TLR4 and TLR2 also participated in the recognition of Pc0-1.

  structure, macrophages, immunostimulating activity, cell membrane receptor, fungus polysaccharide

  NCBI PubMed ID: 33357921
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117462
  Journal NLM ID: 8307156
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: Chen Y ; Linhardt RJ
  Institutions: College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, USA
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, NMR-2D, IR, GC-MS, acid hydrolysis, anion-exchange chromatography, HPLC, enzymatic digestion, extraction, acetylation, reduction, dialysis, determination of NO production, cytokine production, cell viability assay, HPGPC, precipitation, derivatization, centrifugation, MTT, ROS measurement
  
   
  
  Paecilomyces cicadae
  CSDB ID 40904 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 9300
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115013,IEDB_130645,IEDB_136906,IEDB_136907,IEDB_137472,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_141794,IEDB_151528,IEDB_190606,IEDB_742246,IEDB_918313,IEDB_983930,SB_7,SB_87

• Article ID: 9551
  Miao M, Yu WQ, Li Y, Sun YL, Guo SD "Structural Elucidation and Activities of Cordyceps militaris-Derived Polysaccharides: A Review" - Frontiers in Nutrition 9 (2022) 898674
  

  Cordyceps militaris is a parasitic edible fungus and has been used as tonics for centuries. Polysaccharides are a major water-soluble component of C. militaris. Recently, C. militaris-derived polysaccharides have been given much attention due to their various actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and immunomodulatory effects. These bioactivities are determined by the various structural characteristics of polysaccharides including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and glycosidic linkage. The widespread use of advanced analytical analysis tools has greatly improved the elucidation of the structural characteristics of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. However, the methods for polysaccharide structural characterization and the latest findings related to C. militaris-derived polysaccharides, especially the potential structure-activity relationship, have not been well-summarized in recent reviews of the literature. This review will discuss the methods used in the elucidation of the structure of polysaccharides and structural characteristics as well as the signaling pathways modulated by C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. This article provides information useful for the development of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides as well as for investigating other medicinal polysaccharides.

  polysaccharide, structure-activity relationship, bioactivity, Cordyceps militaris, mechanisms of action

  NCBI PubMed ID: 35711557
  Publication DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.898674
  Journal NLM ID: 101642264
  Publisher: Lausanne, Switzerland: Frontiers Media S.A.
  Correspondence: Y.L. Sun <840915657@qq.com>; S.D. Guo
  Institutions: Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
  Methods: fermentation
  
   
  
  Cordyceps militaris
  CSDB ID 51800 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 9300
Trivial name: polysaccharide CMP-1
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115013,IEDB_130645,IEDB_136906,IEDB_136907,IEDB_137472,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_141794,IEDB_151528,IEDB_190606,IEDB_742246,IEDB_918313,IEDB_983930,SB_7,SB_87

• Article ID: 9551
  Miao M, Yu WQ, Li Y, Sun YL, Guo SD "Structural Elucidation and Activities of Cordyceps militaris-Derived Polysaccharides: A Review" - Frontiers in Nutrition 9 (2022) 898674
  

  Cordyceps militaris is a parasitic edible fungus and has been used as tonics for centuries. Polysaccharides are a major water-soluble component of C. militaris. Recently, C. militaris-derived polysaccharides have been given much attention due to their various actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and immunomodulatory effects. These bioactivities are determined by the various structural characteristics of polysaccharides including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and glycosidic linkage. The widespread use of advanced analytical analysis tools has greatly improved the elucidation of the structural characteristics of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. However, the methods for polysaccharide structural characterization and the latest findings related to C. militaris-derived polysaccharides, especially the potential structure-activity relationship, have not been well-summarized in recent reviews of the literature. This review will discuss the methods used in the elucidation of the structure of polysaccharides and structural characteristics as well as the signaling pathways modulated by C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. This article provides information useful for the development of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides as well as for investigating other medicinal polysaccharides.

  polysaccharide, structure-activity relationship, bioactivity, Cordyceps militaris, mechanisms of action

  NCBI PubMed ID: 35711557
  Publication DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.898674
  Journal NLM ID: 101642264
  Publisher: Lausanne, Switzerland: Frontiers Media S.A.
  Correspondence: Y.L. Sun <840915657@qq.com>; S.D. Guo
  Institutions: Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
  Methods: fermentation
  
   
  
  Cordyceps militaris
  CSDB ID 51800 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 22900
Trivial name: polysaccharide TS-P
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_134624,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137485,IEDB_141794,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151528,IEDB_152206,IEDB_153201,IEDB_156493,IEDB_190606,IEDB_581506,IEDB_742248,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_163,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_192,SB_195,SB_44,SB_67,SB_7,SB_72,SB_88

• Article ID: 9610
  Chen X, Yang T, Huang Q, Li B, Ding X, Hou Y "Comparative Studies on the Structure and Biological Activities of Two New Polysaccharides from Tricholoma sinoportentosum (TS-P) and Termitomyces albuminosus (TA-P)" - Polymers 15(9) (2023) 2227
  

  Polysaccharides are important active ingredients of living organisms. In this study, two new polysaccharides, Tricholoma sinoportentosum polysaccharide (TS-P) and Termitomyces albuminosus (TA-P), were extracted and purified using anion exchange column chromatography. The structure of each polysaccharide was identified by HPGPC, FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS and NMR, and the biological activities were also investigated. The results of the structure identification showed that TS-P was composed of arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose at a ratio of 1:1:3:2 and its main chain was composed of (1→4)-Arap residues, (1→4,6)-D-Manp residues and two (1→6)-Galp residues. The TA-P was composed of arabinose, glucose and galactose at a ratio of 2:4:8. Its main chain was composed of two (1→4)-β-L-Arap residues, one (1→4)-Glcp residues, three (1→2,6)-Galp residues and five (1→6)-Galp residues. The immunoassay showed that TS-P and TA-P could significantly promote the proliferation of T cells, B cells and RAW264.7 cells. The cell cycle results showed that for B cells and macrophages, TS-P and TA-P mainly affected the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle; for T cells, TS-P affected G2/M phase, while TA-P mainly affected the G0/G1 phases. TS-P could significantly promote B cells to secrete IgA, IgG and IgD (p < 0.01), while TA-P could significantly promote the secretion of IgA and IgG (p < 0.01). The chemical structure and biological activity of TS-P and TA-P were first studied and compared to lay a theoretical foundation for the application of fungal polysaccharide.

  polysaccharide, Termitomyces albuminosus, structure identification, immune activity, Tricholoma sinoportentosum

  NCBI PubMed ID: 37177371
  Publication DOI: 10.3390/polym15092227
  Journal NLM ID: 101545357
  Publisher: Basel: MDPI
  Correspondence: X. Ding ; Y. Hou
  Institutions: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China, Key Laboratory of Southwest Wildlife Resource Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China, Xichong Xinghe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xichong 637299, China, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Dazhou City, Dazhou 635099, China
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, NMR-2D, GC-MS, sugar analysis, FTIR, HPLC, cytokine analysis, statistical analysis, HPGPC, cell proliferation assay
  
   
  
  Tricholoma sinoportentosum
  CSDB ID 41031 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: dubioside A
Compound class: saponin glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136105,IEDB_136907,IEDB_137472,IEDB_140630,IEDB_141794,IEDB_190606,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 9840
  Nagao T, Okabe H, Mihashi K, Yamauchi T "Studies on the constituents of Thladiantha dubia Bunge. I. The structures of dubiosides A, B and C, the quillaic acid glucuronide saponins isolated from the tuber" - Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(4) (1989) 925-929
  

  Three bisdesmosidic glucuronide saponins of quillaic acid, named dubiosides A, B and C, were isolated as their methyl esters from the tuber of Thladiantha dubia BUNGE(Cucurbitaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence.All the dubiosides have a common prosapogenin structure, quillaic acid-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, and differ only in the structures of the 28-O-linked sugar moieties. Dubioside A is a 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside, dubioside B, a 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside and dubioside C, a 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside.

  triterpene glycoside, Cucurbitaceae, Thladiantha dubia, glucuronide saponin, quillaic acid-3, 28-O-bisdesmoside, quillaic acid

  Publication DOI: 10.1248/cpb.37.925
  Journal NLM ID: 0377775
  WWW link: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003627646
  Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society Of Japan
  Institutions: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, EI-MS, IR, FAB-MS, TLC, GLC, mild acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, GC-CI-MS
  
   
  
  Thladiantha dubia
  CSDB ID 119546 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: dubioside B
Compound class: saponin glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_115136,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136105,IEDB_136907,IEDB_137472,IEDB_140630,IEDB_141794,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_190606,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 9840
  Nagao T, Okabe H, Mihashi K, Yamauchi T "Studies on the constituents of Thladiantha dubia Bunge. I. The structures of dubiosides A, B and C, the quillaic acid glucuronide saponins isolated from the tuber" - Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(4) (1989) 925-929
  

  Three bisdesmosidic glucuronide saponins of quillaic acid, named dubiosides A, B and C, were isolated as their methyl esters from the tuber of Thladiantha dubia BUNGE(Cucurbitaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence.All the dubiosides have a common prosapogenin structure, quillaic acid-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, and differ only in the structures of the 28-O-linked sugar moieties. Dubioside A is a 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside, dubioside B, a 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside and dubioside C, a 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside.

  triterpene glycoside, Cucurbitaceae, Thladiantha dubia, glucuronide saponin, quillaic acid-3, 28-O-bisdesmoside, quillaic acid

  Publication DOI: 10.1248/cpb.37.925
  Journal NLM ID: 0377775
  WWW link: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003627646
  Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society Of Japan
  Institutions: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, EI-MS, IR, FAB-MS, TLC, GLC, mild acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, GC-CI-MS
  
   
  
  Thladiantha dubia
  CSDB ID 119547 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: dubioside C
Compound class: saponin glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_115136,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136105,IEDB_136907,IEDB_137472,IEDB_140630,IEDB_141794,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_190606,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 9840
  Nagao T, Okabe H, Mihashi K, Yamauchi T "Studies on the constituents of Thladiantha dubia Bunge. I. The structures of dubiosides A, B and C, the quillaic acid glucuronide saponins isolated from the tuber" - Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(4) (1989) 925-929
  

  Three bisdesmosidic glucuronide saponins of quillaic acid, named dubiosides A, B and C, were isolated as their methyl esters from the tuber of Thladiantha dubia BUNGE(Cucurbitaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence.All the dubiosides have a common prosapogenin structure, quillaic acid-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, and differ only in the structures of the 28-O-linked sugar moieties. Dubioside A is a 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside, dubioside B, a 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside and dubioside C, a 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside.

  triterpene glycoside, Cucurbitaceae, Thladiantha dubia, glucuronide saponin, quillaic acid-3, 28-O-bisdesmoside, quillaic acid

  Publication DOI: 10.1248/cpb.37.925
  Journal NLM ID: 0377775
  WWW link: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003627646
  Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society Of Japan
  Institutions: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, EI-MS, IR, FAB-MS, TLC, GLC, mild acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, GC-CI-MS
  
   
  
  Thladiantha dubia
  CSDB ID 119548 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: canadensissaponin 6
Compound class: saponin glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136105,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_190606,IEDB_225177,IEDB_581506,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983931,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_192,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 10088
  Reznicek G, Jurenitsch J, Freiler M, Korhammer S, Haslinger E, Hiller K, Kubelka W "Isolation and structure elucidation of further new saponins from Solidago canadensis" - Planta Medica 58 (1992) 94-98
  

  Four new main saponins (canadensis-saponins 5-8) (compounds 5-8) were isolated from Solidago canadensis L. (Asteraceae). Using GC/MS, FAB-MS, and mainly 2D-NMR techniques their structures were identified as 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-apio-D-furanosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-6-deoxyglucopyranosyl-(1→)]-bayogenin (5), 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-apio-D-furanosyl-(1→3)]-arabinopyranosyl-(1→)]bayogenin (6), 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-6-deoxyglucopyranosyl-(1→)]-bayogenin (7), and 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-[O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]arabinopyranosyl-(1→bayogenin (8).

  NCBI PubMed ID: 1620749
  Publication DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-961398
  Journal NLM ID: 0066751
  Publisher: George Thieme
  Institutions: Institut für Pharmakognosie, Universität Wien, Austria
  Methods: NMR-2D, FAB-MS, GC-MS
  
   
  
  Solidago canadensis
  CSDB ID 147273 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: canadensissaponin 8
Compound class: saponin glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136105,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_190606,IEDB_225177,IEDB_581506,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983931,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_192,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 10088
  Reznicek G, Jurenitsch J, Freiler M, Korhammer S, Haslinger E, Hiller K, Kubelka W "Isolation and structure elucidation of further new saponins from Solidago canadensis" - Planta Medica 58 (1992) 94-98
  

  Four new main saponins (canadensis-saponins 5-8) (compounds 5-8) were isolated from Solidago canadensis L. (Asteraceae). Using GC/MS, FAB-MS, and mainly 2D-NMR techniques their structures were identified as 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-apio-D-furanosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-6-deoxyglucopyranosyl-(1→)]-bayogenin (5), 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-apio-D-furanosyl-(1→3)]-arabinopyranosyl-(1→)]bayogenin (6), 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-6-deoxyglucopyranosyl-(1→)]-bayogenin (7), and 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-[O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]arabinopyranosyl-(1→bayogenin (8).

  NCBI PubMed ID: 1620749
  Publication DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-961398
  Journal NLM ID: 0066751
  Publisher: George Thieme
  Institutions: Institut für Pharmakognosie, Universität Wien, Austria
  Methods: NMR-2D, FAB-MS, GC-MS
  
   
  
  Solidago canadensis
  CSDB ID 147275 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: saponin glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136105,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_225177,IEDB_581506,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 10153
  Chen C, Ding J, Ruan D, Li H, Zhou J "The determination of the steroidal saponin from Paris plants by high performance liquid chromatography" - Yunnan Zhi Wu Yan Jiu = Acta Botanica Yunnanica [Chinese] 9 (1987) 495-502
  
  Journal NLM ID: 100955304
  Publisher: Kunming: Yunnan ren min chu ban she
  Methods: HPLC
  
   
  
  Paris
  CSDB ID 149899 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136907

• Article ID: 10344
  Al-Kaisey MT, Wilkie KCB "The polysaccharides of agricultural lupin seeds" - Carbohydrate Research 227 (1992) 147-161
  

  The polysaccharides of the seeds of four species of agricultural lupin have been shown to comprise galactans, arabinogalactans, arabinans, rhamnogalacturonans, and galactoxyloglucans. Low molecular weight compounds were present in the mixtures after methylation of the acidic polysaccharides. Three tri-O-acetyl-O-methylhexuronic acids, with one hydroxyl group unsubstituted, formed during methylation, hydrolysis, and acetylation of the acidic polysaccharides, were present in high and variable proportions.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 1499028
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(92)85067-A
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Great Britain
  
   
  
  Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus luteus, Lupinus mutabilis
  CSDB ID 116602 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: oligomer
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136044,IEDB_136906,IEDB_136907,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_151528,IEDB_190606,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 10373
  Lau JM, McNeil M, Darvill AG, Albersheim P "Treatment of rhamnogalacturonan I with lithium in ethylenediamine" - Carbohydrate Research 168 (1987) 245-274
  

  Rhamnogalacturonan I is a pectic polysaccharide that is solubilized from the walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells (Acer pseudoplatanus) by the action of a highly purified endo-1,4-α-polygalacturonanase. Rhamnogalacturonan I has a linear backbone consisting of the diglycosyl repeating unit, →4)-α-d-GalpA-(1→2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→. Approximately half of the α-l-rhamnosyl residues of the backbone are branched at O-4. Selective cleavage at the galactosyluronic acid residues of the backbone by treatment of rhamnogalacturonan I wit lithium in ethylenediamine resulted in the release of the neutral glycosyl-residue sidechains that had been attached to the backbone. Various analytical techniques, including combined liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, were used to determine the structure of the side chains. The majority of the sidechains were isolated as oligoglycosylalditols, with rhamnitol at the “reducing” end. Terminal 2-, 4-, or 6-linked galactosyl residues were found attached to O-4 of the rhamnitol residues The 2-, 4-, and 6-linked galactosyl residues had terminal or 2-linked arabinosyl, or additional galactosyl, residues attached to them. Based on the results of fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry, the side chains were found to range in size from one to fourteen glycosyl residues. The side-chain structures suggest that there are four or more distinct families of side chains attached to the backbone of rhamnogalacturonan I.

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(87)80029-0
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and School of Chemical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, U.S.A.
  Methods: 1H NMR, GLC-MS, gel filtration, FAB-MS
  
   
  
  Acer pseudoplatanus
  CSDB ID 265136 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136044,IEDB_136907,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_153201,IEDB_156489,IEDB_156493,IEDB_156497,IEDB_156557,IEDB_190606,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 10485
  Raju TS, Davidson EA "Structural features of water-soluble novel polysaccharide components from the leaves of Tridax procumbens Linn." - Carbohydrate Research 258 (1994) 243-254
  

  Two water-soluble polysaccharide fractions, WSTP-IA and WSTP-IB were purified from the leaves of Tridax procumbens Linn. with graded ethanol precipitation followed by mild delignification and size-exclusion chromatography. WSTP-IA contained L-Araf and D-Galp in approximately 1:3 molar proportions, and WSTP-IB contained only D-Galp as the major sugar component. The results of methylation linkage analysis, and 1H and 13C NMR studies on the native and modified polysaccharides, indicated that WSTP-IA is an L-arabino-D-galactan with a β-(1→6)-D-galactan main chain in which at least one in every two D-Galp residues carries single residues of either L-Araf (α-/β-) or β-D-Galp end-group as substituents at O-3. WSTP-IB is a linear β-(1→6)-D-galactan. This is the first report of polysaccharides containing a β-(1→6)-D-galactan main chain isolated from plant sources.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 8039178
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, D.C. 20007
  
   
  
  Tridax procumbens
  CSDB ID 117949 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: oligomer
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136907,IEDB_150942

• Article ID: 10569
  Ralet MC, Faulds CB, Williamson G, Thibault JF "Feruloylated oligosaccharides from cell-wall polysaccharides, Part III. Degradation of feruloylated oligosaccharides from sugar-beet pulp and wheat bran by ferulic acid esterases from Aspergillus niger" - Carbohydrate Research 263 (1994) 257-269
  

  The activity of two forms of ferulic acid esterase (FAE) from Aspergillus niger on a synthetic feruloylated substrate (methyl ferulate) and on 11 different feruloylated oligosaccharides from sugar-beet pulp and wheat bran was determined. The enzymes exhibited different specificities for the various feruloylated substrates and were more active on certain substrates of cell-wall origin than on methyl ferulate. Both enzymes preferred the arabinose residue to which ferulic acid is attached in the furanose form. FAE-I had no clear preference for the type of linkage involved between the ferulic acid units and the oligosaccharide chain. In contrast, FAE-III had a clear requirement for ferulic acid to be attached to O-5 of the Ara f ring while no catalysis was observed when ferulic acid was attached to O-2. Both enzymes showed maximum activity on feruloylated trisaccharides. An increase in the length of the oligosaccharide chain did not preclude catalysis, but feruloylated oligosaccharides of a dp > 3 were hydrolysed at a reduced rate. Our results support the hypothesis that different kinds of ferulic acid esterases exist with different specificities for the oligosaccharide chain of the feruloylated substrates.

  beet pulp, ferulic acid, wheat bran, ferulic acid esterases

  NCBI PubMed ID: 7805053
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(94)00177-4
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Technologie des Glucides, Nantes, France, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
  Methods: enzymatic digestion
  
   
  
  Triticum aestivum
  CSDB ID 269185 (all data & tools)