Found 114 structures.
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Next 15 structure(s)
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1. Compound ID: 16405
|
-4)-{{{-b-Glc-(1-4)-}}}/n=5/-b-Rha-(1-4)-{{{-b-Ara-(1-4)-}}}/n=3/-b-Glc-(1- |
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Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Trivial name: EPSR4
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1394181,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_225177,IEDB_581506,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 6378
Díaz-Cornejo S, Otero MC, Banerjee A, Gordillo-Fuenzalida F "Biological properties of exopolysaccharides produced by Bacillus spp" -
Microbiology Research 268 (2023) 127276
There is currently a constant search for ecofriendly bioproducts, which could contribute to various biomedical applications. Among bioproducts, exopolysaccharides are prominent contemporary extracellular biopolymers that are produced by a great variety of bacterial species. These homo- or heteropolymers are composed of monomeric sugar units linked by glycosidic bonds, which are secreted to the external medium. Bacillus spp. are reported to be present in different ecosystems and produce exopolysaccharides with different biological properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral anti-inflammatory, among others. Since a great diversity of bacterial strains are able to produce exopolysaccharides, a great variation in the molecular composition is observed, which is indeed present in some of the chemical structures predicted until date. These molecular characteristics and their relations with different biological functions are discussed in order to visualize future applications in biomedical section.
antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Antiviral, anti-inflammatory, biomedicine
NCBI PubMed ID: 36525789Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127276Journal NLM ID: 101535908Publisher: Pavia: PagePress Publications
Correspondence: F. Gordillo-Fuenzalida
Institutions: Centro de Investigacion de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoria de Investigacion y Posgrado, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile, Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avda. San Miguel, 3605 Talca, Chile, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
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2. Compound ID: 18792
Structure type: fragment of a bigger structure
Trivial name: colleman
Compound class: O-polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_115136,IEDB_137485,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_144983,IEDB_152206,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_423153,IEDB_581506,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_72
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 7394
Jensen JS, Petersen BO, Veselinovic T, Olafsdottir ES, Duus JØ, Omarsdottir S "Structural characterisation of a new O-methylated heteroglycan, colleman, from the cyanolichen Collema flaccidum" -
Carbohydrate Polymers 80(3) (2010) 799-807
An alkali-extractable heteroglycan, colleman, was isolated from the cyanolichen Collema flaccidum, using ethanol fractionation and anion-exchange chromatography. The average molecular weight was estimated to be 360 kDa. Structural characterisation of the heteroglycan was performed by high-field NMR spectroscopy (1D proton, 2D-COSY, NOESY, 2D-TOCSY, 1H 13C-HSQC, HMBC, H2BC and HSQC-NOESY). According to the data obtained, the structure of colleman is composed of repeating units of A, B, C and D in approximate molar ratio 5:5:2:1.
NMR, cyanolichen, heteroglycan, Collema flaccidum, colleman
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.12.035Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Omarsdottir S
Institutions: Carlsberg Laboratory, Valby, Denmark, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, anion-exchange chromatography, enzymatic digestion, extraction, HPGPC
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3. Compound ID: 18793
Structure type: fragment of a bigger structure
Trivial name: colleman
Compound class: O-polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_115136,IEDB_137485,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_144983,IEDB_152206,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_423153,IEDB_581506,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_72
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 7394
Jensen JS, Petersen BO, Veselinovic T, Olafsdottir ES, Duus JØ, Omarsdottir S "Structural characterisation of a new O-methylated heteroglycan, colleman, from the cyanolichen Collema flaccidum" -
Carbohydrate Polymers 80(3) (2010) 799-807
An alkali-extractable heteroglycan, colleman, was isolated from the cyanolichen Collema flaccidum, using ethanol fractionation and anion-exchange chromatography. The average molecular weight was estimated to be 360 kDa. Structural characterisation of the heteroglycan was performed by high-field NMR spectroscopy (1D proton, 2D-COSY, NOESY, 2D-TOCSY, 1H 13C-HSQC, HMBC, H2BC and HSQC-NOESY). According to the data obtained, the structure of colleman is composed of repeating units of A, B, C and D in approximate molar ratio 5:5:2:1.
NMR, cyanolichen, heteroglycan, Collema flaccidum, colleman
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.12.035Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Omarsdottir S
Institutions: Carlsberg Laboratory, Valby, Denmark, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, anion-exchange chromatography, enzymatic digestion, extraction, HPGPC
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4. Compound ID: 19661
|
L-Rhap-(1-6)-+
|
L-Arap-(1-6)-+ |
| |
b-D-Glcp-(1-6)-+ | |
| | |
a-D-Manp-(1-6)-+ a-D-Manp-(1-6)-+ a-D-Manp-(1-6)-+ | b-D-Glcp-(1-6)-+ b-D-Glcp-(1-6)-+ | L-Arap-(1-6)-+ L-Arap-(1-6)-+ | L-Rhap-(1-6)-+ L-Rhap-(1-6)-+
| | | | | | | | | | | |
-4)-a-D-Galp-(1-4)-{{{-a-D-Galp-(1-4)-}}}a-D-Galp-(1-4)-a-D-Galp-(1-4)-{{{-a-D-Galp-(1-4)-}}}a-D-Galp-(1-4)-a-D-Galp-(1-4)-{{{-a-D-Galp-(1-4)-}}}a-D-Galp-(1-4)-a-D-Galp-(1-4)-{{{-a-D-Galp-(1-4)-}}}a-D-Galp-(1- |
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Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Compound class: heteroglycan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_136105,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144987,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151528,IEDB_152206,IEDB_190606,IEDB_225177,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_31,SB_44,SB_67,SB_7,SB_72
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 7751
Wang Q, Wang F, Xu Z, Ding Z "Bioactive mushroom polysaccharides: a review on monosaccharide composition, biosynthesis and regulation" -
Molecules 22(6) (2017) E955
Mushrooms are widely distributed around the world and are heavily consumed because of their nutritional value and medicinal properties. Polysaccharides (PSs) are an important component of mushrooms, a major factor in their bioactive properties, and have been intensively studied during the past two decades. Monosaccharide composition/combinations are important determinants of PS bioactivities. This review summarizes: (i) monosaccharide composition/combinations in various mushroom PSs, and their relationships with PS bioactivities; (ii) possible biosynthetic pathways of mushroom PSs and effects of key enzymes on monosaccharide composition; (iii) regulation strategies in PS biosynthesis, and prospects for controllable biosynthesis of PSs with enhanced bioactivities.
biosynthesis, regulation, structure-activity relationship, Monosaccharide composition, bioactivity, mushroom polysaccharides
NCBI PubMed ID: 28608797Publication DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060955Journal NLM ID: 100964009Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: MDPI
Correspondence: bioding@163.com
Institutions: Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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5. Compound ID: 21085
|
/Variants 0/-+
|
-4)-D-Glcp-(1-6)-D-Glcp-(1-
/Variants 0/ is:
50%L-Araf-(1-3)-
OR (exclusively)
50%D-Galp-(1-3)- |
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Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Compound class: polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136044,IEDB_136906,IEDB_136907,IEDB_137472,IEDB_140629,IEDB_141794,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151528,IEDB_190606,IEDB_241101,IEDB_423115,IEDB_983931,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_192,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 8458
Zhao X, Ma S, Liu N, Liu J, Wang W "A polysaccharide from Trametes robiniophila inhibits human osteosarcoma xenograft tumor growth in vivo" -
Carbohydrate Polymers 124 (2015) 157-163
In the present study, we isolated and purified one polysaccharide (TRP) from Trametes robiniophila, which had a backbone of 1,3,6- and 1,4-linked glucopyranosyl moieties, with 1-linked arabinofuranosyl and galactopyranosyl terminal at the O-3 position of 1,3,6-linked glucpyranosyl residues. TRP was further evaluated for its antitumor activity against xenografted U-2 OS osteosarcoma in BALB/c nude mice together with the possible mechanism of action. We found that oral administration of TRP significantly suppressed U-2 OS tumor growth in mice via the induction of apoptosis, as evidenced by the increased number of TUNEL-positive cells in tumor tissues. Moreover, TRP administration increased the levels of the proapoptotic Bax protein and decreased the level of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein, thus resulting in a rise of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Furthermore, the protein expression of caspase-9, caspase-3 and cleaved PARP became evident in tumor tissues from mice following TRP treatment, but caspase-8 keep unchanged. Besides, overexpression of metadherin (MTDH) was attenuated in tumor tissues of TRP-fed mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that the TRP-induced apoptosis of tumor tissues is through a mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway
polysaccharide, apoptosis, Trametes robiniophila, U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells, xenograft tumor
NCBI PubMed ID: 25839806Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.02.016Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Wang W
Institutions: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
Methods: methylation, IR, GC-MS, acid hydrolysis, Western blotting, biological assays, extraction, acetylation, methylation analysis, reduction, CC, precipitation, phenol-sulfuric acid assay, evaporation, Sevag method, centrifugation
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6. Compound ID: 21844
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Glcp-(1-3)-+
|
Arap-(1-6)-Glcp-(1-20)-Subst
Subst = ginsenoside Rh2(R) aglycon = SMILES C/C(C)=C\CC{20}[C@](C)(O)C1CC[C@]4(C)C1{12}[C@H](O)CC3[C@@]2(C)CC{3}[C@H](O)[C@@](C)(C)C2CC[C@]34C |
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Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: Compound O
Compound class: glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_581506,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 8812
Wang J, Chen HL, Gao J, Guo JX, Zhao XS, Zhou YF "Ginsenosides and ginsenosidases in the pathobiology of ginseng-Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinss) Scholten" -
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 123 (2018) 406-413
To investigate the role that ginsenosides (and some of their metabolites) play in interactions between plants and phytopathogenic fungi (e.g. Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinss) Scholten), we systematically determined the anti-fungal activities of six major ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re and Rg1), along with the metabolites of ginsenoside Rb1 (Gypenoside XVII (G-XVII) and F2), against the ginseng root pathogen C. destructans (Zinss) Scholten and non-ginseng pathogens Fusarium graminearum Schw., Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard et Suggs, Phytophthora megasperma Drech. and Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Our results showed that the growth of both ginseng pathogens and non-pathogens could be inhibited by using the proto-panaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides Re and Rg1. In addition, the growth of the non-pathogens could also be inhibited by using proto-panaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd, whereas the growth of ginseng pathogen C. destructans (Zinss) Scholten was enhanced by ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb2. In contrast, ginsenoside G-XVII and F2 strongly inhibited the hyphal growth of both C. destructans (Zinss) Scholten and the non-pathogens tested. Furthermore, addition of sucrose to the media increased the growth of C. destructans (Zinss) Scholten, whereas glucose did not affect the growth. Moreover, C. destructans (Zinss) Scholten and all four non-pathogens were able to deglycosylate PPD ginsenosides using a similar transformation pathway, albeit with different sensitivities. We also discussed the anti-fungal structure-activity relationships of the ginsenosides. Our results suggest that the pathogenicity of C. destructans (Zinss) Scholten against ginseng root is independent of its ability to deglycosylate ginsenosides.
pathogenicity, antifungal activity, glycosidase, ginsenosides, araliaceae, Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinss) scholten, panax ginseng C.A. Meyer
NCBI PubMed ID: 29306188Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.038Journal NLM ID: 9882449Publisher: Elsevier Science for Société Française De Physiologie Végétale
Correspondence: Zhao XS
; Zhou YF
Institutions: School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China, School of Sciences, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China, School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
Methods: 13C NMR, biological assays, HPLC, CC
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7. Compound ID: 22763
|
/Variants 2/-+
|
-2)-a-D-Manp-(1-2)-a-D-Manp-(1-2)-a-D-Manp-(1-2)-a-D-Manp-(1-2)-a-D-Manp-(1-2)-a-D-Manp-(1-2)-a-D-Manp-(1-
/Variants 0/ is:
Manp-(1-3)-
OR (exclusively)
Arap-(1-3)-
/Variants 1/ is:
Manp-(1-3)-
OR (exclusively)
Arap-(1-3)-
/Variants 2/ is:
{{{-b-D-Galf-(1-2)-}}}b-D-Galf-(1-6)-
OR (exclusively)
a-D-Glcp-(1-4)-{{{-a-D-Glcp6(%)Me-(1-4)-}}}a-D-Glcp-(1-6)-
OR (exclusively)
/Variants 1/-+ /Variants 0/-+
| |
Arap-(1-4)-{{{-Arap-(1-4)-Arap-(1-4)-}}}Arap-(1-4)-Arap-(1-6)- |
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Structure type: structural motif or average structure
; 18000
Compound class: polysaccharide, galactomannan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_136095,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137485,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140116,IEDB_140629,IEDB_141795,IEDB_141830,IEDB_141834,IEDB_141835,IEDB_141836,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164480,IEDB_190606,IEDB_420417,IEDB_420418,IEDB_420421,IEDB_581506,IEDB_76933,IEDB_857742,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_136,SB_192,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 9414
Chen Y, Wang T, Zhang X, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ "Structural and immunological studies on the polysaccharide from spores of a medicinal entomogenous fungus Paecilomyces cicadae" -
Carbohydrate Polymers 254 (2021) ID 117462
A neutral branched heteropolysaccharide (Pc0-1) was purified from the spores of Paecilomyces cicadae, which parasitized in the bamboo cicada (Platylomia pieli Kato). The structure of Pc0-1 was analyzed by HPLC, IR, methylation and NMR spectroscopy. The results reveal that Pc0-1, with an average molecular weight of 18000 kDa, consists of glucose, galactose, mannose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 8:5:4:1. Some of the glucose residues have methyl modification at O-6 position. The Pc0-1 polysaccharide has a core structure containing 1,2-linked α-D-Manp residues as the backbone and branches at the O-3 and O-6 of the α-D-Manp residues. The inner part of the side-chains is comprised of 1,4-linked α-D-Glcp and 1,4-linked 6-O-Me-α-D-Glcp residues. 1,2-linked β-Galf and minor 1,4-linked Arap and 1,3 or 4-linked Arap residues were occasionally linked at the outside of the side-chains. The side-chains have a single terminal residue of α-D-Glcp, α-Manp, β-Galf or minor Arap (minor). Studies on the bioactivity of Pc0-1 on the macrophages show it exhibit moderate immunostimulating activity through increasing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and enhancing the secretion of major inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, such as TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6, in RAW 264.7 cells. We examined the effect of Pc0-1 on induced NO and cytokine production in macrophages using anti-PRR antibodies to investigate the membrane receptor for the polysaccharide. The results show that Pc0-1 mainly activates macrophages through their mannose receptor (MR). TLR4 and TLR2 also participated in the recognition of Pc0-1.
structure, macrophages, immunostimulating activity, cell membrane receptor, fungus polysaccharide
NCBI PubMed ID: 33357921Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117462Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Chen Y
; Linhardt RJ
Institutions: College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, USA
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, NMR-2D, IR, GC-MS, acid hydrolysis, anion-exchange chromatography, HPLC, enzymatic digestion, extraction, acetylation, reduction, dialysis, determination of NO production, cytokine production, cell viability assay, HPGPC, precipitation, derivatization, centrifugation, MTT, ROS measurement
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8. Compound ID: 23293
|
a-L-Man-(1-3)-{{{-a-L-Ara-(1-3)-}}}a-L-Ara-(1-6)-+
|
a-L-Man-(1-3)-{{{-a-L-Ara-(1-3)-}}}a-L-Ara-(1-6)-+ |
| |
a-L-Man-(1-5)-{{{-a-L-Ara-(1-5)-}}}a-L-Ara-(1-6)-+ | |
| | |
-3)-{{{-a-D-Gal-(1-3)-}}}a-D-Gal-(1-3)-{{{-a-D-Gal-(1-3)-}}}a-D-Gal-(1-
|
{{{-a-L-Man-(1-2)-}}}a-L-Man-(1-?)-+ |
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Structure type: structural motif or average structure
; 9300
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115013,IEDB_130645,IEDB_136906,IEDB_136907,IEDB_137472,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_141794,IEDB_151528,IEDB_190606,IEDB_742246,IEDB_918313,IEDB_983930,SB_7,SB_87
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 9551
Miao M, Yu WQ, Li Y, Sun YL, Guo SD "Structural Elucidation and Activities of Cordyceps militaris-Derived Polysaccharides: A Review" -
Frontiers in Nutrition 9 (2022) 898674
Cordyceps militaris is a parasitic edible fungus and has been used as tonics for centuries. Polysaccharides are a major water-soluble component of C. militaris. Recently, C. militaris-derived polysaccharides have been given much attention due to their various actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and immunomodulatory effects. These bioactivities are determined by the various structural characteristics of polysaccharides including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and glycosidic linkage. The widespread use of advanced analytical analysis tools has greatly improved the elucidation of the structural characteristics of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. However, the methods for polysaccharide structural characterization and the latest findings related to C. militaris-derived polysaccharides, especially the potential structure-activity relationship, have not been well-summarized in recent reviews of the literature. This review will discuss the methods used in the elucidation of the structure of polysaccharides and structural characteristics as well as the signaling pathways modulated by C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. This article provides information useful for the development of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides as well as for investigating other medicinal polysaccharides.
polysaccharide, structure-activity relationship, bioactivity, Cordyceps militaris, mechanisms of action
NCBI PubMed ID: 35711557Publication DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.898674Journal NLM ID: 101642264Publisher: Lausanne, Switzerland: Frontiers Media S.A.
Correspondence: Y.L. Sun <840915657@qq.com>; S.D. Guo
Institutions: Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
Methods: fermentation
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9. Compound ID: 23294
|
a-L-Man-(1-3)-{{{-a-L-Ara-(1-3)-}}}a-L-Ara-(1-6)-+
|
a-L-Man-(1-3)-{{{-a-L-Ara-(1-3)-}}}a-L-Ara-(1-6)-+ |
| |
{{{-a-L-Man-(1-2)-}}}a-L-Man-(1-6)-+ | |
| | |
a-L-Man-(1-5)-{{{-a-L-Ara-(1-5)-}}}a-L-Ara-(1-6)-+ | | |
| | | |
-3)-{{{-a-D-Gal-(1-3)-}}}a-D-Gal-(1-3)-{{{-a-D-Gal-(1-3)-}}}a-D-Gal-(1- |
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Structure type: structural motif or average structure
; 9300
Trivial name: polysaccharide CMP-1
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115013,IEDB_130645,IEDB_136906,IEDB_136907,IEDB_137472,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_141794,IEDB_151528,IEDB_190606,IEDB_742246,IEDB_918313,IEDB_983930,SB_7,SB_87
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 9551
Miao M, Yu WQ, Li Y, Sun YL, Guo SD "Structural Elucidation and Activities of Cordyceps militaris-Derived Polysaccharides: A Review" -
Frontiers in Nutrition 9 (2022) 898674
Cordyceps militaris is a parasitic edible fungus and has been used as tonics for centuries. Polysaccharides are a major water-soluble component of C. militaris. Recently, C. militaris-derived polysaccharides have been given much attention due to their various actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and immunomodulatory effects. These bioactivities are determined by the various structural characteristics of polysaccharides including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and glycosidic linkage. The widespread use of advanced analytical analysis tools has greatly improved the elucidation of the structural characteristics of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. However, the methods for polysaccharide structural characterization and the latest findings related to C. militaris-derived polysaccharides, especially the potential structure-activity relationship, have not been well-summarized in recent reviews of the literature. This review will discuss the methods used in the elucidation of the structure of polysaccharides and structural characteristics as well as the signaling pathways modulated by C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. This article provides information useful for the development of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides as well as for investigating other medicinal polysaccharides.
polysaccharide, structure-activity relationship, bioactivity, Cordyceps militaris, mechanisms of action
NCBI PubMed ID: 35711557Publication DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.898674Journal NLM ID: 101642264Publisher: Lausanne, Switzerland: Frontiers Media S.A.
Correspondence: Y.L. Sun <840915657@qq.com>; S.D. Guo
Institutions: Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
Methods: fermentation
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10. Compound ID: 23305
|
D-Galp-(1-2)-+
|
D-Galp-(1-2)-+ |
| |
L-Araf-(1-2)-+ | |
| | |
D-Galp-(1-3)-+ | L-Araf-(1-3)-+ | L-Araf-(1-3)-+ | L-Rhap-(1-4)-+ L-Rhap-(1-4)-+
| | | | | | | |
-4)-{{{-D-Galp-(1-4)-D-Galp-(1-4)-D-Galp-(1-3)-D-Galp-(1-4)-}}}D-GalpA-(1-5)-{{{-L-Araf-(1-5)-L-Araf-(1-5)-L-Araf-(1-5)-}}}L-Araf-(1-5)-L-Araf-(1-5)-L-Araf-(1-2)-{{{-L-Rhap-(1-2)-L-Rhap-(1-2)-}}}L-Rhap-(1-2)-L-Rhap-(1-3)-D-Xylp-(1- |
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Structure type: structural motif or average structure
; 576000
Trivial name: an acidic polysaccharides APS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_115013,IEDB_116886,IEDB_130645,IEDB_130651,IEDB_133754,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136105,IEDB_136906,IEDB_136907,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141492,IEDB_141794,IEDB_144825,IEDB_144987,IEDB_149558,IEDB_151528,IEDB_156983,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_190606,IEDB_221845,IEDB_225177,IEDB_742246,IEDB_742247,IEDB_885823,IEDB_918313,IEDB_918314,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_31,SB_62,SB_7,SB_87,SB_88
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 9551
Miao M, Yu WQ, Li Y, Sun YL, Guo SD "Structural Elucidation and Activities of Cordyceps militaris-Derived Polysaccharides: A Review" -
Frontiers in Nutrition 9 (2022) 898674
Cordyceps militaris is a parasitic edible fungus and has been used as tonics for centuries. Polysaccharides are a major water-soluble component of C. militaris. Recently, C. militaris-derived polysaccharides have been given much attention due to their various actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and immunomodulatory effects. These bioactivities are determined by the various structural characteristics of polysaccharides including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and glycosidic linkage. The widespread use of advanced analytical analysis tools has greatly improved the elucidation of the structural characteristics of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. However, the methods for polysaccharide structural characterization and the latest findings related to C. militaris-derived polysaccharides, especially the potential structure-activity relationship, have not been well-summarized in recent reviews of the literature. This review will discuss the methods used in the elucidation of the structure of polysaccharides and structural characteristics as well as the signaling pathways modulated by C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. This article provides information useful for the development of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides as well as for investigating other medicinal polysaccharides.
polysaccharide, structure-activity relationship, bioactivity, Cordyceps militaris, mechanisms of action
NCBI PubMed ID: 35711557Publication DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.898674Journal NLM ID: 101642264Publisher: Lausanne, Switzerland: Frontiers Media S.A.
Correspondence: Y.L. Sun <840915657@qq.com>; S.D. Guo
Institutions: Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
Methods: fermentation
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11. Compound ID: 23452
|
a-D-Glcp-(2-1)-Glcp-(4-1)-Glcp-(4-4)-+
|
-4)-Arap-(1-6)-D-Manp-(1-6)-Galp-(1-6)-Galp-(1- |
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Structure type: structural motif or average structure
; 22900
Trivial name: polysaccharide TS-P
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_134624,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137485,IEDB_141794,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151528,IEDB_152206,IEDB_153201,IEDB_156493,IEDB_190606,IEDB_581506,IEDB_742248,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_163,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_192,SB_195,SB_44,SB_67,SB_7,SB_72,SB_88
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 9610
Chen X, Yang T, Huang Q, Li B, Ding X, Hou Y "Comparative Studies on the Structure and Biological Activities of Two New Polysaccharides from Tricholoma sinoportentosum (TS-P) and Termitomyces albuminosus (TA-P)" -
Polymers 15(9) (2023) 2227
Polysaccharides are important active ingredients of living organisms. In this study, two new polysaccharides, Tricholoma sinoportentosum polysaccharide (TS-P) and Termitomyces albuminosus (TA-P), were extracted and purified using anion exchange column chromatography. The structure of each polysaccharide was identified by HPGPC, FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS and NMR, and the biological activities were also investigated. The results of the structure identification showed that TS-P was composed of arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose at a ratio of 1:1:3:2 and its main chain was composed of (1→4)-Arap residues, (1→4,6)-D-Manp residues and two (1→6)-Galp residues. The TA-P was composed of arabinose, glucose and galactose at a ratio of 2:4:8. Its main chain was composed of two (1→4)-β-L-Arap residues, one (1→4)-Glcp residues, three (1→2,6)-Galp residues and five (1→6)-Galp residues. The immunoassay showed that TS-P and TA-P could significantly promote the proliferation of T cells, B cells and RAW264.7 cells. The cell cycle results showed that for B cells and macrophages, TS-P and TA-P mainly affected the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle; for T cells, TS-P affected G2/M phase, while TA-P mainly affected the G0/G1 phases. TS-P could significantly promote B cells to secrete IgA, IgG and IgD (p < 0.01), while TA-P could significantly promote the secretion of IgA and IgG (p < 0.01). The chemical structure and biological activity of TS-P and TA-P were first studied and compared to lay a theoretical foundation for the application of fungal polysaccharide.
polysaccharide, Termitomyces albuminosus, structure identification, immune activity, Tricholoma sinoportentosum
NCBI PubMed ID: 37177371Publication DOI: 10.3390/polym15092227Journal NLM ID: 101545357Publisher: Basel: MDPI
Correspondence: X. Ding
; Y. Hou
Institutions: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China, Key Laboratory of Southwest Wildlife Resource Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China, Xichong Xinghe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xichong 637299, China, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Dazhou City, Dazhou 635099, China
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, NMR-2D, GC-MS, sugar analysis, FTIR, HPLC, cytokine analysis, statistical analysis, HPGPC, cell proliferation assay
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12. Compound ID: 23978
|
a-L-Rhap-(1-2)-a-L-Ara-(1-28)-+
|
b-D-Galp-(1-2)-b-D-GlcpA6Me-(1-3)-Subst
Subst = quillaic acid = SMILES C[C@@]1(C=O){3}[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@]3([H])CC=C4[C@@]5([H])CC(C)(C)CC[C@@]({28}C(O)=O)5{16}[C@H](O)C[C@](C)4[C@@](C)3CCC12 |
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Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: dubioside A
Compound class: saponin glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136105,IEDB_136907,IEDB_137472,IEDB_140630,IEDB_141794,IEDB_190606,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 9840
Nagao T, Okabe H, Mihashi K, Yamauchi T "Studies on the constituents of Thladiantha dubia Bunge. I. The structures of dubiosides A, B and C, the quillaic acid glucuronide saponins isolated from the tuber" -
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(4) (1989) 925-929
Three bisdesmosidic glucuronide saponins of quillaic acid, named dubiosides A, B and C, were isolated as their methyl esters from the tuber of Thladiantha dubia BUNGE(Cucurbitaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence.All the dubiosides have a common prosapogenin structure, quillaic acid-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, and differ only in the structures of the 28-O-linked sugar moieties. Dubioside A is a 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside, dubioside B, a 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside and dubioside C, a 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside.
triterpene glycoside, Cucurbitaceae, Thladiantha dubia, glucuronide saponin, quillaic acid-3, 28-O-bisdesmoside, quillaic acid
Publication DOI: 10.1248/cpb.37.925Journal NLM ID: 0377775WWW link: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003627646Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society Of Japan
Institutions: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, EI-MS, IR, FAB-MS, TLC, GLC, mild acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, GC-CI-MS
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13. Compound ID: 23979
|
b-D-Galp-(1-2)-b-D-GlcpA6Me-(1-3)-+
|
b-D-Xylp-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1-2)-a-L-Ara-(1-28)-Subst
Subst = quillaic acid = SMILES C[C@@]1(C=O){3}[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@]3([H])CC=C4[C@@]5([H])CC(C)(C)CC[C@@]({28}C(O)=O)5{16}[C@H](O)C[C@](C)4[C@@](C)3CCC12 |
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Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: dubioside B
Compound class: saponin glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_115136,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136105,IEDB_136907,IEDB_137472,IEDB_140630,IEDB_141794,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_190606,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 9840
Nagao T, Okabe H, Mihashi K, Yamauchi T "Studies on the constituents of Thladiantha dubia Bunge. I. The structures of dubiosides A, B and C, the quillaic acid glucuronide saponins isolated from the tuber" -
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(4) (1989) 925-929
Three bisdesmosidic glucuronide saponins of quillaic acid, named dubiosides A, B and C, were isolated as their methyl esters from the tuber of Thladiantha dubia BUNGE(Cucurbitaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence.All the dubiosides have a common prosapogenin structure, quillaic acid-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, and differ only in the structures of the 28-O-linked sugar moieties. Dubioside A is a 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside, dubioside B, a 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside and dubioside C, a 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside.
triterpene glycoside, Cucurbitaceae, Thladiantha dubia, glucuronide saponin, quillaic acid-3, 28-O-bisdesmoside, quillaic acid
Publication DOI: 10.1248/cpb.37.925Journal NLM ID: 0377775WWW link: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003627646Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society Of Japan
Institutions: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, EI-MS, IR, FAB-MS, TLC, GLC, mild acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, GC-CI-MS
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14. Compound ID: 23980
|
b-D-Galp-(1-2)-b-D-GlcpA6Me-(1-3)-+
|
b-D-Xylp-(1-3)-b-D-Xylp-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1-2)-a-L-Ara-(1-28)-Subst
Subst = quillaic acid = SMILES C[C@@]1(C=O){3}[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@]3([H])CC=C4[C@@]5([H])CC(C)(C)CC[C@@]({28}C(O)=O)5{16}[C@H](O)C[C@](C)4[C@@](C)3CCC12 |
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Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: dubioside C
Compound class: saponin glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_115136,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136105,IEDB_136907,IEDB_137472,IEDB_140630,IEDB_141794,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_190606,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 9840
Nagao T, Okabe H, Mihashi K, Yamauchi T "Studies on the constituents of Thladiantha dubia Bunge. I. The structures of dubiosides A, B and C, the quillaic acid glucuronide saponins isolated from the tuber" -
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(4) (1989) 925-929
Three bisdesmosidic glucuronide saponins of quillaic acid, named dubiosides A, B and C, were isolated as their methyl esters from the tuber of Thladiantha dubia BUNGE(Cucurbitaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence.All the dubiosides have a common prosapogenin structure, quillaic acid-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, and differ only in the structures of the 28-O-linked sugar moieties. Dubioside A is a 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside, dubioside B, a 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside and dubioside C, a 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside.
triterpene glycoside, Cucurbitaceae, Thladiantha dubia, glucuronide saponin, quillaic acid-3, 28-O-bisdesmoside, quillaic acid
Publication DOI: 10.1248/cpb.37.925Journal NLM ID: 0377775WWW link: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110003627646Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society Of Japan
Institutions: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, EI-MS, IR, FAB-MS, TLC, GLC, mild acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, GC-CI-MS
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15. Compound ID: 24159
|
/Variants 0/-+
|
-4)-D-Xylp-(1-3)-L-Galp-(1-2)-L-Araf-(1-
/Variants 0/ is:
L-Galp-(1-2)-
OR (exclusively)
L-Araf-(1-2)-
OR (exclusively)
D-Xylp-(1-3)-L-Araf-(1-2)-
OR (exclusively)
D-Xylp-(1-2)- |
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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
n=6
Compound class: mucin glycoprotein
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_136907,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_190606
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 9940
Anjaneyalu YV, Gowda DC, Neelisiddiah B "Structural features of a polysaccharide from the mucin of water hyacinth" -
Phytochemistry 22 (1983) 1961-1963
The mucin found in the nodal region of the weed, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), is a heteropolysaccharide composed of d-xylose, l-galactose and l-arabinose in the mol ratio of 1.3:1.2:1.0. Partial hydrolysis with acid gave four oligosaccharides which were characterized as: d-Xylp-(1→3)-l-Ara, l-Galp-(1→2)-l-Ara, d-Xylp-(1→3)-l-Galp-(1→2)-l-Ara, and d-Xylp-(1→2)-d-Xylp-(1→3)-l-Galp-(1→2)-l-Ara. These, together with the results of methylation analysis using GC and GC/MS and periodate oxidation, indicated that the trisaccharide repeating unit,→4)-d-Xylp-(1→3)-l-Galp-(1→2)-l-Araf-(1→, constitutes the backbone of the polysaccharide. Further, all the d-xylopyranosyl residues of the backbone are substituted at O-2 and, in addition, one out of seven such residues is also substituted at O-3; the substituents being l-Araf-(1→, d-Xylp-(1→, l-Galp-(1→, d-Xylp-(1→3)-l-Araf-(1→, residues.
polysaccharide structure, Mucin, Eichhornia crassipes, Pontederiaceae, water hyacinth, d-xylo-l-galacto-l-arabinan
Publication DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(83)80023-5Journal NLM ID: 0151434Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
Methods: periodate oxidation, GC-MS, acid hydrolysis, GC, methylation analysis, PC
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