Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136044,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_151528,IEDB_190606,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 2374
  Morrice LM, McLean MW, Long WF, Williamson FB "Porphyran primary structure. An investigation using β-agarase I from Pseudomonas atlantica and 13C-NMR spectroscopy" - European Journal of Biochemistry 133(3) (1983) 673-684
  

  Porphyran, a highly substituted agarose from Porphyra umbilicalis was degraded by highly purified β-agarase I from Pseudomonas atlantica. This enzyme cleaved at the reducing side of units of β-neoagarobiose (3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactopyranose). The oligosaccharides were divided into fractions of low and high molecular weight by dialysis. The permeate (23% of total starting carbohydrate) was separated by ion-exchange into neutral and anionic fractions. Gel filtration of the neutral fraction (19%) resolved two major oligosaccharides. These were shown by 13C-NMR spectroscopy to be 6(3)-O-methyl-neoagarotetraose and 6(3),6(5)-di-O-methyl-neoagarohexaose. Gel filtration of the anionic oligosaccharides (3.3%) revealed two novel monosulphated tetrasaccharides, 6-O-sulphato-α-L-galacto-pyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-D-galactopyranose and its 6(3)-O-methylated derivative. The 13C-NMR data from the sulphated tetrasaccharides provided a novel reference which was used to characterise higher, partially sulphated fragments in the dialysis permeate. The fraction retained on dialysis (77%) had an average degree of polymerisation of 40 and was homologous with the high-molecular-weight anionic permeate. From 13C-NMR spectroscopy porphyran was found to comprise 49% sulphated disaccharide units and these were calculated to occur in stretches averaging 2.0-2.5 contiguous units.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 6861749
  Publication DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07516.x
  Journal NLM ID: 0107600
  Publisher: Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies
  Institutions: Department of Biochemistry, Marischal College, University of Aberdeen
  Methods: 13C NMR, paper chromatography, alkaline reduction
  
   
  
  Pseudomonas atlantica
  CSDB ID 122753 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136044,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_151528,IEDB_190606,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 2374
  Morrice LM, McLean MW, Long WF, Williamson FB "Porphyran primary structure. An investigation using β-agarase I from Pseudomonas atlantica and 13C-NMR spectroscopy" - European Journal of Biochemistry 133(3) (1983) 673-684
  

  Porphyran, a highly substituted agarose from Porphyra umbilicalis was degraded by highly purified β-agarase I from Pseudomonas atlantica. This enzyme cleaved at the reducing side of units of β-neoagarobiose (3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactopyranose). The oligosaccharides were divided into fractions of low and high molecular weight by dialysis. The permeate (23% of total starting carbohydrate) was separated by ion-exchange into neutral and anionic fractions. Gel filtration of the neutral fraction (19%) resolved two major oligosaccharides. These were shown by 13C-NMR spectroscopy to be 6(3)-O-methyl-neoagarotetraose and 6(3),6(5)-di-O-methyl-neoagarohexaose. Gel filtration of the anionic oligosaccharides (3.3%) revealed two novel monosulphated tetrasaccharides, 6-O-sulphato-α-L-galacto-pyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-D-galactopyranose and its 6(3)-O-methylated derivative. The 13C-NMR data from the sulphated tetrasaccharides provided a novel reference which was used to characterise higher, partially sulphated fragments in the dialysis permeate. The fraction retained on dialysis (77%) had an average degree of polymerisation of 40 and was homologous with the high-molecular-weight anionic permeate. From 13C-NMR spectroscopy porphyran was found to comprise 49% sulphated disaccharide units and these were calculated to occur in stretches averaging 2.0-2.5 contiguous units.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 6861749
  Publication DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07516.x
  Journal NLM ID: 0107600
  Publisher: Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies
  Institutions: Department of Biochemistry, Marischal College, University of Aberdeen
  Methods: 13C NMR, paper chromatography, alkaline reduction
  
   
  
  Pseudomonas atlantica
  CSDB ID 122754 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: disulphated neoagarohexaose
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136044,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_151528,IEDB_190606,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 2374
  Morrice LM, McLean MW, Long WF, Williamson FB "Porphyran primary structure. An investigation using β-agarase I from Pseudomonas atlantica and 13C-NMR spectroscopy" - European Journal of Biochemistry 133(3) (1983) 673-684
  

  Porphyran, a highly substituted agarose from Porphyra umbilicalis was degraded by highly purified β-agarase I from Pseudomonas atlantica. This enzyme cleaved at the reducing side of units of β-neoagarobiose (3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactopyranose). The oligosaccharides were divided into fractions of low and high molecular weight by dialysis. The permeate (23% of total starting carbohydrate) was separated by ion-exchange into neutral and anionic fractions. Gel filtration of the neutral fraction (19%) resolved two major oligosaccharides. These were shown by 13C-NMR spectroscopy to be 6(3)-O-methyl-neoagarotetraose and 6(3),6(5)-di-O-methyl-neoagarohexaose. Gel filtration of the anionic oligosaccharides (3.3%) revealed two novel monosulphated tetrasaccharides, 6-O-sulphato-α-L-galacto-pyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-D-galactopyranose and its 6(3)-O-methylated derivative. The 13C-NMR data from the sulphated tetrasaccharides provided a novel reference which was used to characterise higher, partially sulphated fragments in the dialysis permeate. The fraction retained on dialysis (77%) had an average degree of polymerisation of 40 and was homologous with the high-molecular-weight anionic permeate. From 13C-NMR spectroscopy porphyran was found to comprise 49% sulphated disaccharide units and these were calculated to occur in stretches averaging 2.0-2.5 contiguous units.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 6861749
  Publication DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07516.x
  Journal NLM ID: 0107600
  Publisher: Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies
  Institutions: Department of Biochemistry, Marischal College, University of Aberdeen
  Methods: 13C NMR, paper chromatography, alkaline reduction
  
   
  
  Pseudomonas atlantica
  CSDB ID 122761 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136095,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141807,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151531,IEDB_190606,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 2812
  Knirel YA "New sialic acid-like sugars: components of bacterial lipopolysaccharides" - Proceedings of Sialic acids 1998: Japanese-German Symposium on Sialic Acids (1st : 1988 : Berlin) (1988) 160-161
  
  Book NLM ID: 9012728
  Publisher: Kiel: Kieler Verlag Wissenschaft + Bildung
  Editors: Schauer R, Yamakawa T
  
   
  
  Shigella boydii 7
  CSDB ID 148517 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_190606

• Article ID: 4359
  Nazarenko EL, Crawford RJ, Ivanova EP "The structural diversity of carbohydrate antigens of selected Gram-negative marine bacteria" - Marine Drugs 9(10) (2011) 1914-1954
  

  Marine microorganisms have evolved for millions of years to survive in the environments characterized by one or more extreme physical or chemical parameters, e.g., high pressure, low temperature or high salinity. Marine bacteria have the ability to produce a range of biologically active molecules, such as antibiotics, toxins and antitoxins, antitumor and antimicrobial agents, and as a result, they have been a topic of research interest for many years. Among these biologically active molecules, the carbohydrate antigens, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs, O-antigens) found in cell walls of gram-negative marine bacteria, show great potential as candidates in the development of drugs to prevent septic shock due to their low virulence. The structural diversity of LPSs is thought to be a reflection of the ability for these bacteria to adapt to an array of habitats, protecting the cell from being compromised by exposure to harsh environmental stress factors. Over the last few years, the variety of structures of core oligosaccharides and O-specific polysaccharides from LPSs of marine microrganisms has been discovered. In this review, we discuss the most recently encountered structures that have been identified from bacteria belonging to the genera Aeromonas, Alteromonas, Idiomarina, Microbulbifer, Pseudoalteromonas, Plesiomonas and Shewanella of the Gammaproteobacteria phylum; Sulfitobacter and Loktanella of the Alphaproteobacteria phylum and to the genera Arenibacter, Cellulophaga, Chryseobacterium, Flavobacterium, Flexibacter of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum. Particular attention is paid to the particular chemical features of the LPSs, such as the monosaccharide type, non-sugar substituents and phosphate groups, together with some of the typifying traits of LPSs obtained from marine bacteria. A possible correlation is then made between such features and the environmental adaptations undertaken by marine bacteria.

  O-specific polysaccharides, carbohydrate antigens, marine microorganisms

  NCBI PubMed ID: 22073003
  Publication DOI: 10.3390/md9101914
  Journal NLM ID: 101213729
  Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  Correspondence: elnaz@piboc.dvo.ru
  Institutions: Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, periodate oxidation, NMR-2D, FAB-MS, partial acid hydrolysis, NMR, HF solvolysis, sugar analysis, 31P NMR, ESI-MS, acid hydrolysis, mild acid hydrolysis, HPAEC, ESI-ICR-MS, Smith degradation, chemical methods, MALDI-TOF MS, MS, de-O-acetylation, NMR-1D, GPC, alkaline hydrolysis, CE-ESI-MS, CE-MS, hydrazinolysis
  
   
  
  Vibrio vulnificus YJ016
  CSDB ID 28474 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 21190
Compound class: galactomannan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1394182,IEDB_190606,IEDB_983930

• Article ID: 7645
  Jiang Y, Chang Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Luo H, Hao C, Zeng P, Sun Y, Wang H, Zhang L "Overview of Ganoderma sinense polysaccharide - an adjunctive drug used during concurrent chemo/radiation therapy for cancer treatment in China" - Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 96 (2017) 865-870
  

  Ganoderma sinense or "Chinese Lingzhi" is a well-known medicinal fungus in China for more than 2000 years. Polysaccharide is the main immunomodulatory and antitumor component in G. sinense. In 2010, G. sinense polysaccharide (GSP) tablet is approved as an adjunctive therapeutic drug in China for treating leukopenia and hematopoietic injury caused by concurrent chemo/radiation therapy during cancer treatment by the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA). β-glucan, an established immunostimulant, is one of the components in GSP. Based on CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP (Chongqing VIP Chinese Scientific Journals Database), Wanfang database, and PubMed searches, we have not only summarized but also translated all the basic and preclinical studies about GSP published in Chinese into English in this review article. Unfortunately, all the clinical studies about GSP tablet could not be found during the search or by contacting the drug manufacturers. However, both basic and preclinical studies showed that GSP has antitumor, antioxidant, anticytopenia, and unique mushroom-poison detoxification properties that are different from that of G. lucidum polysaccharide, another "Lingzhi" polysaccharide. The structure and molecular mechanisms of GSP are also discussed. This article urges availability of clinical study results of GSP tablet that would allow in-depth evaluation if the tablet is appropriate to serve as an immunomodulatory drug during cancer therapy at world stage.

  polysaccharide, Antioxidant, antitumor, Ganoderma sinense, immune regulation

  NCBI PubMed ID: 29078264
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.060
  Journal NLM ID: 8213295
  Publisher: Paris: Editions Scientifiques Elsevier
  Correspondence: zhanglj@qduhospital.cn
  Institutions: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, Medical Systems Biology Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
  Methods: NMR, GC, MS, HPLC, HPTLC
  
   
  
  Ganoderma sinense
  CSDB ID 43017 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 7646
  Yang Y, Xiao W, Niu L, Hu X, Wei D, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Song Y "Homopolysaccharide in ganoderma sinensis submerged fermentation mycelium, as well as preparation method and applications thereof" - Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu = Chinese Patent Applications (2017)
  

  The invention discloses a preparation method of homopolysaccharide which exists in ganoderma sinensis submerged fermentation mycelium and has a novel structure, and applications of the homopolysaccharide in the preparation of antineoplastic drugs and immune adjustment drugs. The homopolysaccharide is characterized in that the total polysaccharide content of the homopolysaccharide is more than 95%, the molecular weight of the homopolysaccharide is 10000-30000 Daltons, and preferentially is 21190 Daltons, and the homopolysaccharide has the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity and immunity enhancement in the antineoplastic application. The homopolysaccharide in the ganoderma sinensis submerged fermentation mycelium, provided by the invention, is high in polysaccharide content and purity, and is excellent in administration dosage, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial production.

  WWW link: https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=CN&NR=103374078A&KC=A&FT=D
  Institutions: Jiangshu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, China, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, periodate oxidation, IR, TLC, Smith degradation, HPLC, UV, reduction with NaBH4, phenol-sulfuric acid assay, TFA hydrolysis
  
   
  
  Ganoderma sinense
  CSDB ID 44650 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: XLJG
Compound class: xyloglucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_136044,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_190606,IEDB_983931,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_192,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 10079
  Zablackis E, York WS, Pauly M, Hantus S, Reiter WD, Chapple CCS, Albersheim P, Darvill A "Substitution of L-Fucose by L-Galactose in Cell Walls of Arabidopsis mur1" - Science 272 (1996) 1808-1810
  

  An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant (mur1) has less than 2 percent of the normal amounts of L-fucose in the primary cell walls of aerial portions of the plant. The survival of mur1 plants challenged the hypothesis that fucose is a required component of biologically active oligosaccharides derived from cell wall xyloglucan. However, the replacement of L-fucose (that is, 6-deoxy-L-galactose) by L-galactose does not detectably alter the biological activity of the oligosaccharides derived from xyloglucan. Thus, essential structural and conformational features of xyloglucan and xyloglucan-derived oligosaccharides are retained when L-galactose replaces L-fucose.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 8650583
  Journal NLM ID: 0404511
  Publisher: Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science
  Institutions: Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-4712, USA
  Methods: 1H NMR, FAB-MS, GC-MS, MALDI-TOF-MS
  
   
  
  Arabidopsis thaliana, Simmondsia chinensis
  CSDB ID 148401 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: XXJGol
Compound class: xyloglucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_114708,IEDB_136044,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_190606,IEDB_983931,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_192,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 11092
  Hantus S, Pauly M, Darvill AG, Albersheim P, York WS "Structural characterization of novel L-galactose-containing oligosaccharide subunits of jojoba seed xyloglucans" - Carbohydrate Research 304(1) (1997) 11-20
  

  Jojoba seed xyloglucan was shown to be a convenient source of biologically active xyloglucan oligosaccharides that contain both L-and D-galactosyl residues EE. Zablackis et al., Science, 272 (1996) 1808-1810]. Oligosaccharides were isolated by liquid chromatography of the mixture of oligosaccharides generated by treating jojoba seed xyloglucan with a β-(1→4)-endoglucanase. The purified oligosaccharides were reduced with NaBH4, converting them to oligoglycosyl alditol derivatives that were structurally characterized by a combination of mass spectrometry and 2-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. This analysis established that jojoba xyloglucan oligosaccharides contain the novel side-chain [α-L-Galp-(1→2)-β-D-Galp-(1→2)-α-D-Xylp-(1→6)-], which is structurally homologous to the fucose-containing side-chain [α-L-Fucp-(1→2)-β-D-Galp-(1→2)-α-D-Xylp-(1→6)-] found in other biologically active xyloglucan oligosaccharides.

  oligosaccharide, xyloglucan, L-galactose, oligosaccharin, Jojoba

  NCBI PubMed ID: 9403992
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6215(97)00200-0
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: will@ccrc.uga.edu
  Institutions: Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-4712, USA
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, partial acid hydrolysis, sugar analysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, MALDI-TOF MS, NaBH4 reduction, reduction, RP-HPLC
  
   
  
  Simmondsia chinensis
  CSDB ID 60068 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: xyloglucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_114708,IEDB_136044,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_190606,IEDB_983931,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_192,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 11092
  Hantus S, Pauly M, Darvill AG, Albersheim P, York WS "Structural characterization of novel L-galactose-containing oligosaccharide subunits of jojoba seed xyloglucans" - Carbohydrate Research 304(1) (1997) 11-20
  

  Jojoba seed xyloglucan was shown to be a convenient source of biologically active xyloglucan oligosaccharides that contain both L-and D-galactosyl residues EE. Zablackis et al., Science, 272 (1996) 1808-1810]. Oligosaccharides were isolated by liquid chromatography of the mixture of oligosaccharides generated by treating jojoba seed xyloglucan with a β-(1→4)-endoglucanase. The purified oligosaccharides were reduced with NaBH4, converting them to oligoglycosyl alditol derivatives that were structurally characterized by a combination of mass spectrometry and 2-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. This analysis established that jojoba xyloglucan oligosaccharides contain the novel side-chain [α-L-Galp-(1→2)-β-D-Galp-(1→2)-α-D-Xylp-(1→6)-], which is structurally homologous to the fucose-containing side-chain [α-L-Fucp-(1→2)-β-D-Galp-(1→2)-α-D-Xylp-(1→6)-] found in other biologically active xyloglucan oligosaccharides.

  oligosaccharide, xyloglucan, L-galactose, oligosaccharin, Jojoba

  NCBI PubMed ID: 9403992
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6215(97)00200-0
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: will@ccrc.uga.edu
  Institutions: Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-4712, USA
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, partial acid hydrolysis, sugar analysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, MALDI-TOF MS, NaBH4 reduction, reduction, RP-HPLC
  
   
  
  Simmondsia chinensis
  CSDB ID 60069 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: cell wall polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_136907,IEDB_150942,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_190606

• Article ID: 11101
  Ishii T "Structure and functions of feruloylated polysaccharides" - Plant Science 127(2) (1997) 111-127
  

  Cell wall polysaccharides contain a small amount of ester-linked hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, such as p-coumaric and ferulic acids. These hydroxycinnamic acids can be coupled oxidatively to form the acid dimers. Dimer formation in the growing plant cell wall would cause the cross-linkage of cell wall polysaccharides and lead to an increase in wall rigidity. Feruloyl polysaccharide esters would also participate with lignin monomers in oxidative coupling pathways to generate a ferulate-polysaccharide-lignin complexes during cell wall development. Feruloyl oligosaccharides derived from feruloyl polysaccharides have been shown to inhibit cell elongation growth induced by auxin or gibberellins. Feruloyl polysaccharides are critical entities in directing wall cross-linking and in limiting biodegradability by microorganisms.

  cell wall, Cross-linking, Feruloyl polysaccharides

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9452(97)00130-1
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, P.O. Box 16, Tsukuba Norin Kenkyu Danchi-nai, Ibaraki, 305, Japan
  
   
  
  Zea mays
  CSDB ID 60102 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Trivial name: xyloglucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_136044,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_190606,IEDB_983931,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_192,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 11153
  Vincken JP, York WS, Beldman G, Voragen AGJ "Two general branching patterns of xyloglucan, XXXG and XXGG" - Plant Physiology 114(1) (1997) 9-13
  

  no abstract

  xyloglucan

  Publication DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.1.9
  Journal NLM ID: 0401224
  Publisher: American Society of Plant Biologists
  Correspondence: fons.voragen@algemeen.lenm.wau.nl
  Institutions: Wageningen Agricultura1 University, Department of Food Science, P.O. Box 81 29, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands (J.-P.V., G.B., A.G.J.V.)
  
   
  
  Arabidopsis thaliana
  CSDB ID 60373 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Aglycon: (->4) Asn-X-Ser/Thr (protein)
Compound class: N-glycan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_115015,IEDB_123886,IEDB_123888,IEDB_130701,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136045,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_141793,IEDB_141807,IEDB_142489,IEDB_144562,IEDB_144983,IEDB_145669,IEDB_148493,IEDB_149135,IEDB_150092,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_152214,IEDB_153212,IEDB_167186,IEDB_174333,IEDB_190606,IEDB_548907,IEDB_983930,SB_197,SB_198,SB_33,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72,SB_73,SB_74,SB_85,SB_86

• Article ID: 11303
  Lerouge P, Rayon C, Gomord V, Faye L "N-glycoprotein biosynthesis in plants: recent developments and future trends" - Plant Molecular Biology 38(1-2) (1998) 31-48
  

  N-glycosylation is a major modification of proteins in plant cells. This process starts in the endoplasmic reticulum by the co-translational transfer of a precursor oligosaccharide to specific asparagine residues of the nascent polypeptide chain. Processing of this oligosaccharide into high-mannose-type, paucimannosidic-type, hybrid-type or complex-type N-glycans occurs in the secretory pathway as the glycoprotein moves from the endoplasmic reticulum to its final destination. At the end of their maturation, some plant N-glycans have typical structures that differ from those found in their mammalian counterpart by the absence of sialic acid and the presence of beta(1,2)-xylose and alpha(1,3)-fucose residues. Glycosidases and glycosyltransferases that respectively catalyse the stepwise trimming and addition of sugar residues are generally considered as working in a co-ordinated and highly ordered fashion to form mature N-glycans. On the basis of this assembly line concept, fast progress is currently made by using N-linked glycan structures as milestones of the intracellular transport of proteins along the plant secretory pathway. Further developments of this approach will need to more precisely define the topological distribution of glycosyltransferases within a plant Golgi stack. In contrast with their acknowledged role in the targeting of lysosomal hydrolases in mammalian cells, N-glycans have no specific function in the transport of glycoproteins into the plant vacuole. However, the presence of N-glycans, regardless of their structures, is necessary for an efficient secretion of plant glycoproteins. In the biotechnology field, transgenic plants are rapidly emerging as an important system for the production of recombinant glycoproteins intended for therapeutic purposes, which is a strong motivation to speed up research in plant glycobiology. In this regard, the potential and limits of plant cells as a factory for the production of mammalian glycoproteins will be illustrated.

  plant, Recombinant Proteins, Arabidopsis thaliana, N-glycosylation

  NCBI PubMed ID: 9738959
  Publication DOI: 10.1023/A:1006012005654
  Journal NLM ID: 9106343
  Publisher: Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic
  Correspondence: Faye L
  Institutions: Laboratoire des Transports Intracellulaires, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
  
   
  
  Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (Δmur1 mutant)
  CSDB ID 60789 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Trivial name: agaroid
Compound class: polysaccharide, galactan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136044,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_190606,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 12551
  Noseda MD, Viana AG, Duarte MER, Cerezo AS "Alkali modification of carrageenans. Part IV. Porphyrans as model compounds" - Carbohydrate Polymers 42(3) (2000) 301-305
  

  The rate of alkaline cyclization of porphyran is in the same order as those of carrageenan model compounds containing non-sulfated β-d-galactose units, showing that the cyclization of the α-galactosyl units does not depend on the β-d-adjacent sugar residues when they carry no sulfate groups. It also suggests that there is no influence of the α-d-galactose 2-sulfate on the cyclization rate, in spite of its change from the equatorial to the axial position during the conversion of the 4C1 to 1C4 chair conformation.

  non-sulfated β-D-galactose units; α-galactosyl units; α-D-galactose 2-sulfate

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0144-8617(99)00176-9
  Journal NLM ID: 8307156
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: cerezo@qo.fcen.uba.ar
  Institutions: Departamento de Bioquı́mica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica (CIHIDECAR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  
   
  
  Porphyra columbina
  CSDB ID 67186 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Trivial name: carrageenan
Compound class: polysaccharide, galactan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136044,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_190606,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 12551
  Noseda MD, Viana AG, Duarte MER, Cerezo AS "Alkali modification of carrageenans. Part IV. Porphyrans as model compounds" - Carbohydrate Polymers 42(3) (2000) 301-305
  

  The rate of alkaline cyclization of porphyran is in the same order as those of carrageenan model compounds containing non-sulfated β-d-galactose units, showing that the cyclization of the α-galactosyl units does not depend on the β-d-adjacent sugar residues when they carry no sulfate groups. It also suggests that there is no influence of the α-d-galactose 2-sulfate on the cyclization rate, in spite of its change from the equatorial to the axial position during the conversion of the 4C1 to 1C4 chair conformation.

  non-sulfated β-D-galactose units; α-galactosyl units; α-D-galactose 2-sulfate

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0144-8617(99)00176-9
  Journal NLM ID: 8307156
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: cerezo@qo.fcen.uba.ar
  Institutions: Departamento de Bioquı́mica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica (CIHIDECAR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  
   
  
  Porphyra columbina
  CSDB ID 67187 (all data & tools)