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1. Compound ID: 896
|
/Variants 0/-+
|
-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1-3)-b-D-Glcp2Ac-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-
/Variants 0/ is:
a-L-Rhap-(1-3)-
OR (exclusively)
a-L-Manp-(1-3)- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: welan
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_61
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 253
Hashimoto W, Murata K "a-L-rhamnosidase of Sphingomonas sp. R1 producing an unusual exopolysaccharide of sphingan" -
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 62(6) (1998) 1068-1074
A soil bacterium with α-L-rhamnosidase was isolated from a cumulative mixed culture containing a polysaccharide of gellan as a carbon source and identified to be Sphingomonas paucimobilis, known as a potent producer of gellan. The isolate (designated Sphingomonas sp. R1) produced an unusual exopolysaccharide of sphingan (denoted HWR1) distinct from gellan. The rhamnose in gellan was replaced with mannose in HWR1. The bacterium had a peculiar cell surface covered with many complicated plaits. α-L-Rhamnosidase purified from Sphingomonas sp. R1 grown in the presence of naringin was a monomer with a molecular mass of 110 kDa and most active at pH 8.0 and 50 degrees C. The enzyme required divalent metal ions for the activity and released L-rhamnose from various rhamnosyl glycosides.
polysaccharide, Sphingomonas, exopolysaccharide, sphingan, a-L-rhamnosidase
NCBI PubMed ID: 9692187Publication DOI: 10.1271/bbb.62.1068Journal NLM ID: 9205717Publisher: Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry
Correspondence: hasimoto@food2.food.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Institutions: Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
Methods: SDS-PAGE, TLC, acid hydrolysis, HPLC, electron microscopy, enzyme assay
- Article ID: 5791
Knirel YA, Van Calsteren M "Bacterial exopolysaccharides" -
Book: Comprehensive Glycoscience: From Chemistry to Systems Biology. Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering (2021) 1-75
Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides are known as a cell-bound capsule, a sheath, or a slime, which is excreted into the environment. They play an important role in virulence of medical bacteria and plant-to-symbiont interaction and are used for serotyping of bacteria and production of vaccines. Some exopolysaccharides have commercial applications in industry, and claims of health benefits have been documented for an increasing number of them. Exopolysaccharides have diverse composition and structure, and some contain sugar and non-sugar components that are found in bacterial carbohydrates only. The present article provides an updated collection of the data on exopolysaccharides of various classes of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria reported until the end of 2019. When known, biosynthesis pathways of exopolysaccharides are treated in a summary manner. References are made to structure and biosynthesis relatedness between exopolysaccharides of different bacterial taxa as well as between bacterial polysaccharides and mammalian glycosaminoglycans.
polysaccharide structure, Gram-negative bacteria, capsule, Biofilm, polysaccharide biosynthesis, gram-positive bacteria, Monosaccharide composition, Bacterial exopolysaccharide, non-sugar component
Publication DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819475-1.00005-5Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: marie-rose.vancalsteren@canada.ca; yknirel@gmail.com
Editors: Barchi J, Kamerling H
Institutions: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Article ID: 6146
Sun X, Zhang J "Bacterial exopolysaccharides: Chemical structures, gene clusters and genetic engineering" -
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 173 (2021) 481-490
In recent decades, the composition, structure, biosynthesis, and function of bacterial extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have been extensively studied. EPS are synthesized through different biosynthetic pathways. The genes responsible for EPS synthesis are usually clustered on the genome or large plasmids of bacteria. Generally, different EPS synthesis gene clusters direct the synthesis of EPS with different chemical structures and biological activities. A better understanding of the gene functions involved in EPS biosynthesis is critical for the production of EPS with special biological activities. Genetic engineering methods are usually used to study EPS synthesis related genes. This review organizes the available information on EPS, including their structures, synthesis of related genes, and highlights the research progress of modifying EPS gene clusters through gene-editing methods.
genetic engineering, gene clusters, bacterial extracellular polysaccharides
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.139Journal NLM ID: 7909578Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: jfzhang@mail.njust.edu.cn
Institutions: Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
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2. Compound ID: 899
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: sphingan, NW11
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_423153,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 253
Hashimoto W, Murata K "a-L-rhamnosidase of Sphingomonas sp. R1 producing an unusual exopolysaccharide of sphingan" -
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 62(6) (1998) 1068-1074
A soil bacterium with α-L-rhamnosidase was isolated from a cumulative mixed culture containing a polysaccharide of gellan as a carbon source and identified to be Sphingomonas paucimobilis, known as a potent producer of gellan. The isolate (designated Sphingomonas sp. R1) produced an unusual exopolysaccharide of sphingan (denoted HWR1) distinct from gellan. The rhamnose in gellan was replaced with mannose in HWR1. The bacterium had a peculiar cell surface covered with many complicated plaits. α-L-Rhamnosidase purified from Sphingomonas sp. R1 grown in the presence of naringin was a monomer with a molecular mass of 110 kDa and most active at pH 8.0 and 50 degrees C. The enzyme required divalent metal ions for the activity and released L-rhamnose from various rhamnosyl glycosides.
polysaccharide, Sphingomonas, exopolysaccharide, sphingan, a-L-rhamnosidase
NCBI PubMed ID: 9692187Publication DOI: 10.1271/bbb.62.1068Journal NLM ID: 9205717Publisher: Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry
Correspondence: hasimoto@food2.food.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Institutions: Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
Methods: SDS-PAGE, TLC, acid hydrolysis, HPLC, electron microscopy, enzyme assay
- Article ID: 4159
O'Neill MA, Darvill AG, Albersheim P, Chou KJ "Structural analysis of an acidic polysaccharide secreted by Xanthobacter sp. (ATCC 53272)" -
Carbohydrate Research 206 (1990) 289-296
The structure of an acidic polysaccharide secreted by a Xanthobacter sp. has been investigated by glycosyl-residue and glycosyl-linkage composition analyses, and the characterization of oligoglycosyl fragments of the polysaccharide has been carried out by chemical analyses, 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and electron-impact mass spectrometry. The polysaccharide, which contains O-acetyl groups (approximately 5%) that have not been located, has the tetraglycosyl repeating unit 1 and belongs to a group of structurally related polysaccharides synthesized by both Alcaligenes and Pseudomonas species.
NCBI PubMed ID: 2073637Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)80068-EJournal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: University of Georgia Complex Carbohydrate Center, Athens, USA
Methods: 1H NMR, GLC-MS, gel filtration, FAB-MS, partial acid hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, GLC, methanolysis
- Article ID: 5791
Knirel YA, Van Calsteren M "Bacterial exopolysaccharides" -
Book: Comprehensive Glycoscience: From Chemistry to Systems Biology. Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering (2021) 1-75
Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides are known as a cell-bound capsule, a sheath, or a slime, which is excreted into the environment. They play an important role in virulence of medical bacteria and plant-to-symbiont interaction and are used for serotyping of bacteria and production of vaccines. Some exopolysaccharides have commercial applications in industry, and claims of health benefits have been documented for an increasing number of them. Exopolysaccharides have diverse composition and structure, and some contain sugar and non-sugar components that are found in bacterial carbohydrates only. The present article provides an updated collection of the data on exopolysaccharides of various classes of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria reported until the end of 2019. When known, biosynthesis pathways of exopolysaccharides are treated in a summary manner. References are made to structure and biosynthesis relatedness between exopolysaccharides of different bacterial taxa as well as between bacterial polysaccharides and mammalian glycosaminoglycans.
polysaccharide structure, Gram-negative bacteria, capsule, Biofilm, polysaccharide biosynthesis, gram-positive bacteria, Monosaccharide composition, Bacterial exopolysaccharide, non-sugar component
Publication DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819475-1.00005-5Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: marie-rose.vancalsteren@canada.ca; yknirel@gmail.com
Editors: Barchi J, Kamerling H
Institutions: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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3. Compound ID: 2664
|
a-L-Manp-(1-3)-+
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-3)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: welan gum (S-130), wellan, S-130
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 909
Kumar NS, Ratnayake RMSK, Widmalm G, Jansson P "Selective cleavage of welan gum (S-130) by oxidative decarboxylation with lead tetraacetate" -
Carbohydrate Research 291 (1996) 109-114
Oxidative decarboxylation of peracetylated welan gum (S-130) with lead tetraacetate resulted in selective cleavage of the glucuronosidic linkages. Products of the degradation were reduced with sodium borohydride, O-deacetylated, and fractionated. Polymeric and oligomeric fractions were separated and analysed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and were found to be monomers, dimers, and trimers of the repeating unit. Results show that this method may be used to liberate alditol-terminated multiples of the repeating unit of peracetylated glycuronans by cleavage and degradation of the uronic acid residues. The reaction sequence also confirms the recent finding that welan gum contains repeating units with randomly distributed terminal groups.
degradation, Welan gum, S-130, Lead tetraacetate
NCBI PubMed ID: 8864225Publication DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(96)00137-1Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Methods: NMR, oxidative decarboxylation
- Article ID: 1360
Arndt ER, Stevens ES "Vacuum ultraviolet circular dichroism of gellan-family polymer films from water and dimethyl sulfoxide" -
Carbohydrate Research 280 (1996) 15-26
The denaturing effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) on the conformation of the gellan-welan-rhamsan family of microbial polysaccharides is directly demonstrated by circular dichroism (CD). The three polysaccharides display strikingly similar CD spectra (140-210 nm) for films cast from Me2SO. The disrupting effect of Me2SO on gellan and welan conformations has previously been reported by others on the basis of light-scattering and viscosity studies. Films cast from aqueous solutions at room temperature show more-intense CD bands, both at 182 nm, as is also observed for aqueous solutions, and in the 150-175 nm region. These features correspond to the ordered helical chains found by X-ray diffraction studies of similarly prepared films.
polysaccharide, polymer, water, viscosity, physico-chemical, circular dichroism, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, dimethylsulfoxide, film
NCBI PubMed ID: 8581894Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00285-5Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, USA
Methods: vacuum ultraviolet CD
- Article ID: 2045
Jansson PE, Lindberg B, Widmalm G, Sandford PA "Structural studies of an extracellular polysaccharide (S-130) elaborated by Alcaligenes ATCC 31555" -
Carbohydrate Research 139 (1985) 217-223
The structure of an extracellular polysaccharide (S-130) elaborated by Alcaligenes ATCC 31555, has been investigated. It is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of pentasaccharide units having the following structure: [Formula: see text]. Of these units, approximately two-thirds contain terminal α-L-rhamnopyranosyl groups; the remainder contain α-L-mannopyranosyl groups. Approximately 50% of the units contain an O-acetyl group.
Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(85)90022-9Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Article ID: 2057
O'Neill MA, Selvendran RR, Morris VJ, Eagles J "Structure of the extracellular polysaccharide produced by the bacterium Alcaligenes (ATCC 31555) species" -
Carbohydrate Research 147 (1986) 295-313
The extracellular anionic polysaccharide produced by the bacterium Alcaligenes (ATCC 31555) contains L-mannose, L-rhamnose, D-glucose, and D-glucuronic acid in the molar ratios 1.0:4.5:3.1:2.3. Analysis of the methylated and methylated, carboxyl-reduced polysaccharide indicated terminal non-reducing rhamnose and mannose, (1→4)-linked rhamnose, (1→3)- and (1→3,1→4)-linked glucose, and (1→4)-linked glucuronic acid to be present in the ratios 1.0:0.8:2.1:2.2:2.0:2.2. Partial acid hydrolysis and base-catalysed β-elimination gave a series of oligosaccharides that were isolated as their alkylated alditol derivatives by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. and characterised by f.a.b.-m.s., e.i.-m.s., and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The repeating unit 1, excluding O-acyl groups, is proposed.[Formula: see text]
Journal NLM ID: 0043535WWW link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)90638-4Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: AFRC Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Norwich, UK
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4. Compound ID: 2666
Structure type: oligomer
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114708,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_225177,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 909
Kumar NS, Ratnayake RMSK, Widmalm G, Jansson P "Selective cleavage of welan gum (S-130) by oxidative decarboxylation with lead tetraacetate" -
Carbohydrate Research 291 (1996) 109-114
Oxidative decarboxylation of peracetylated welan gum (S-130) with lead tetraacetate resulted in selective cleavage of the glucuronosidic linkages. Products of the degradation were reduced with sodium borohydride, O-deacetylated, and fractionated. Polymeric and oligomeric fractions were separated and analysed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and were found to be monomers, dimers, and trimers of the repeating unit. Results show that this method may be used to liberate alditol-terminated multiples of the repeating unit of peracetylated glycuronans by cleavage and degradation of the uronic acid residues. The reaction sequence also confirms the recent finding that welan gum contains repeating units with randomly distributed terminal groups.
degradation, Welan gum, S-130, Lead tetraacetate
NCBI PubMed ID: 8864225Publication DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(96)00137-1Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Methods: NMR, oxidative decarboxylation
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5. Compound ID: 3500
|
a-L-Rha-(1-3)-+
|
-4)-a-L-Manp-(1-3)-b-D-Glcp?Ac-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: sphingan
Compound class: CPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_61
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 1291
Yamazaki M, Thorne L, Mikolajczak M, Armentrout RW, Pollock TJ "Linkage of genes essential for synthesis of a polysaccharide capsule in Sphingomonas strain S88" -
Journal of Bacteriology 178 (1996) 2676-2687
Several structurally related capsular polysaccharides that are secreted by members of the genus Sphingomonas are being developed as aqueous rheological control agents for diverse industrial and food applications. They include gellan (S-60), welan (S-130), rhamsan (S-194), S-657, S-88, S-198, S-7, and NW-11. We refer to these polysaccharides as sphingans, after the genus name. This paper characterizes the first gene cluster isolated from a Sphingomonas species (S88) that is required for capsule synthesis. Overlapping DNA segments which spanned about 50 kbp of S88 DNA restored the synthesis of sphingan S-88 in capsule-negative mutants. The mutations were mapped into functional complementation groups, and the contiguous nucleotide sequence for the 29-kbp cluster was determined. The genetic complementation map and the DNA sequences were interpreted as an extended multicistronic locus containing genes essential for the assembly and secretion of polysaccharide S-88. Many of the deduced amino acid sequences were similar to gene products from other polysaccharide-secreting bacteria such as Rhizobium meliloti (succinoglycan), Xanthomonas campestris (xanthan gum), and Salmonella enterica (O antigen). The S88 locus contained a four-gene operon for the biosynthesis of dTDP-L-rhamnose, an essential precursor for the sphingans. Unexpectedly, there were also two genes for secretion of a lytic or toxin-like protein nested within the polysaccharide cluster. The conservation and linkage of genes that code for a defensive capsule and genes for secretion of an offensive lysin or toxin suggest a heretofore unknown pathogenic life history for Sphingomonas strain S88
biosynthesis, synthesis, gene, strain, polysaccharide, Sphingomonas, linkage, capsule
NCBI PubMed ID: 8626338Journal NLM ID: 2985120RPublisher: American Society for Microbiology
Institutions: Shin-Etsu Bio, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
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6. Compound ID: 3501
|
a-L-Manp-(1-3)-+
|
-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1-3)-b-D-Glcp2(50%)Ac-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: welan
Compound class: CPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_61
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 1291
Yamazaki M, Thorne L, Mikolajczak M, Armentrout RW, Pollock TJ "Linkage of genes essential for synthesis of a polysaccharide capsule in Sphingomonas strain S88" -
Journal of Bacteriology 178 (1996) 2676-2687
Several structurally related capsular polysaccharides that are secreted by members of the genus Sphingomonas are being developed as aqueous rheological control agents for diverse industrial and food applications. They include gellan (S-60), welan (S-130), rhamsan (S-194), S-657, S-88, S-198, S-7, and NW-11. We refer to these polysaccharides as sphingans, after the genus name. This paper characterizes the first gene cluster isolated from a Sphingomonas species (S88) that is required for capsule synthesis. Overlapping DNA segments which spanned about 50 kbp of S88 DNA restored the synthesis of sphingan S-88 in capsule-negative mutants. The mutations were mapped into functional complementation groups, and the contiguous nucleotide sequence for the 29-kbp cluster was determined. The genetic complementation map and the DNA sequences were interpreted as an extended multicistronic locus containing genes essential for the assembly and secretion of polysaccharide S-88. Many of the deduced amino acid sequences were similar to gene products from other polysaccharide-secreting bacteria such as Rhizobium meliloti (succinoglycan), Xanthomonas campestris (xanthan gum), and Salmonella enterica (O antigen). The S88 locus contained a four-gene operon for the biosynthesis of dTDP-L-rhamnose, an essential precursor for the sphingans. Unexpectedly, there were also two genes for secretion of a lytic or toxin-like protein nested within the polysaccharide cluster. The conservation and linkage of genes that code for a defensive capsule and genes for secretion of an offensive lysin or toxin suggest a heretofore unknown pathogenic life history for Sphingomonas strain S88
biosynthesis, synthesis, gene, strain, polysaccharide, Sphingomonas, linkage, capsule
NCBI PubMed ID: 8626338Journal NLM ID: 2985120RPublisher: American Society for Microbiology
Institutions: Shin-Etsu Bio, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
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7. Compound ID: 4000
|
/Variants 0/-+
|
-3)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1-
/Variants 0/ is:
67%a-L-Rhap-(1-3)-
OR (exclusively)
33%a-L-Manp-(1-3)- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: welan(S-130)
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 1484
Sletmoen M, Maurstad G, Sikorski P, Paulsen BS, Stokke BT "Characterisation of bacterial polysaccharides: steps towards single-molecular studies" -
Carbohydrate Research 338(23) (2003) 2459-2475
Techniques used in studies of polysaccharides, including chemical composition, linkage pattern, and higher order structures are in constant development. They provide information necessary for understanding of the polysaccharide properties and functions. Here, recent advancements in studies of the polysaccharides at the single-molecule level are highlighted. Over the last few years, single-molecule techniques such as force spectroscopy have improved in sensitivity and can today be used to detect forces in the pN range. In addition, these techniques can be used to investigate properties of single molecules close to physiological conditions. The challenges in the interpretation of the observations are aided by control experiments using well-characterised polysaccharides and by data provided by complementary methods. This field is expected to have increasing impact on the further advancement of the molecular understanding of the role of polysaccharides in various biological processes such as recognition and cell adhesion.
X-ray fibre diffraction, AFM, TEM, Force spectroscopy, Single-molecules
NCBI PubMed ID: 14670709Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: bjorn.stokke@phys.ntnu.no
Institutions: Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
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8. Compound ID: 5149
|
a-L-Rhap-(1-3)-+
|
-3)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-a-L-Manp-(1- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: CPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 2071
Jansson PE, Kumar NS, Lindberg B "Structural studies of a polysaccharide (S-88) elaborated by Pseudomonas ATCC 31554" -
Carbohydrate Research 156 (1986) 165-172
The structure of the extracellular polysaccharide elaborated by Pseudomonas ATCC 31554 has been investigated, methylation analyses, specific degradations, and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy being the main methods used. It is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of pentasaccharide repeating-units with the structure: →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-GlcpA-(1→4)-[α-L-Rha-(1→3)-]-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-L-[Rha or Man]-(1→. An unusual feature is that a sugar residue in the chain may be either L-rhamnose or L-mannose. The polysaccharide also contains O-acetyl groups (approximately 5%) which have not been located.
Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)90108-3Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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9. Compound ID: 5155
|
a-L-Rhap-(1-4)-+
|
-3)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-a-L-Manp-(1- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 2076
Chowdhury TA, Lindberg B, Lindquist U, Baird J "Structural studies of an extracellular polysaccharide (S-198) elaborated by alcaligenes ATCC 31853" -
Carbohydrate Research 161 (1987) 127-132
Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
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10. Compound ID: 5451
|
a-L-Manp-(1-3)-+
|
-3)-b-D-Glcp2(85%)Ac-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_61
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 2284
Chandrasekaran R, Radha A, Lee EJ "Structural roles of calcium ions and side chains in welan: an X-ray study" -
Carbohydrate Research 252 (1994) 183-207
Welan is the first branched polymer in the gellan family of polysaccharides whose three-dimensional structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis of polycrystalline and well oriented fibers of the calcium salt. The molecule exists as a half-staggered, parallel, double-helix, similar to that of gellan. The side chains fold back on the main chain to form hydrogen bonds with the carboxylate groups. This shielding enhances the stability of the double-helix. Three molecules are organized in a trigonal unit cell of dimensions a = 20.83 and c = 28.69 A with a lateral separation of 12.0 A in each pair; this is 2.9 A larger than in gellan. The double helices are in contact with each other through calcium ions and water molecules via COO-...Ca2+...COO- and COO-...W...Ca2+...COO- interactions, and through side chain-side chain hydrogen bonds. These structural features enable us not only to explain how the side chains in welan are responsible for the enhanced molecular stability relative to gellan, but also to show how essential they are for the associative properties which control the rheology of the polymer.
NCBI PubMed ID: 8137360Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1160
Methods: X-ray
- Article ID: 2285
Hember MWN, Richardson RK, Morris ER "Native ordered structure of welan polysaccharide: conformational transitions and gel formation in aqueous dimethyl sulphoxide" -
Carbohydrate Research 252 (1994) 209-221
Welan, in aqueous solution, has "weak gel" properties analogous to those of ordered xanthan but, unlike xanthan, shows no evidence of conformational change between 0 and 100 degrees C. When the polymer is dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) rather than in water, however, there is a massive decrease in viscosity and total loss of gel-like character. In mixtures of the two solvents, the change in rheology occurs over a narrow range of composition (approximately 85-90% v/v Me2SO for 0.5% welan). On heating and cooling in a solvent close to the lower end of the critical range (86% Me2SO), the polymer shows typical order-disorder and disorder-order transitions [as monitored by optical rotation, differential scanning calorimetry, and temperature-course of rheological change]. When solutions of disordered welan in Me2SO are poured into excess water they form cohesive strings of gel. We interpret these results as showing that: (1) the stable conformation of welan in water is the double helix structure identified by X-ray fibre diffraction in the solid state; (2) in native welan, as biosynthesised, the strands are perfectly paired, and ordered along their full length; (3) on exposure to high concentrations of Me2SO, the native structure is dissociated into disordered coils; (4) rapid renaturation from the disordered state gives shorter helices, with exchange of partners to form a stable cross-linked network.
NCBI PubMed ID: 8137361Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Food Research & Technology, Cranfield University, Silsoe College, United Kingdom
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11. Compound ID: 5472
|
a-L-Manp-(1-3)-+
|
-3)-b-D-Glcp2Ac-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1- |
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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_61
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 2300
Jansson PE, Widmalm G "Welan gum (S-130) contains repeating units with randomly distributed L-mannosyl and L-rhamnosyl terminal groups, as determined by FABMS" -
Carbohydrate Research 256 (1994) 327-330
NCBI PubMed ID: 8187106Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
Methods: 1H NMR, FAB-MS, sugar analysis, acid hydrolysis
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12. Compound ID: 9990
Structure type: oligomer
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114702,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 4159
O'Neill MA, Darvill AG, Albersheim P, Chou KJ "Structural analysis of an acidic polysaccharide secreted by Xanthobacter sp. (ATCC 53272)" -
Carbohydrate Research 206 (1990) 289-296
The structure of an acidic polysaccharide secreted by a Xanthobacter sp. has been investigated by glycosyl-residue and glycosyl-linkage composition analyses, and the characterization of oligoglycosyl fragments of the polysaccharide has been carried out by chemical analyses, 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and electron-impact mass spectrometry. The polysaccharide, which contains O-acetyl groups (approximately 5%) that have not been located, has the tetraglycosyl repeating unit 1 and belongs to a group of structurally related polysaccharides synthesized by both Alcaligenes and Pseudomonas species.
NCBI PubMed ID: 2073637Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)80068-EJournal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: University of Georgia Complex Carbohydrate Center, Athens, USA
Methods: 1H NMR, GLC-MS, gel filtration, FAB-MS, partial acid hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, GLC, methanolysis
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13. Compound ID: 10951
|
b-D-Glcp-(1-6)-a-D-Glcp-(1-6)-+ /Variants 0/-+
| |
-3)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1-
/Variants 0/ is:
a-L-Rhap-(1-3)-
OR (exclusively)
a-L-Manp-(1-3)- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 2494
Crescenzi V, Dentini M, Coviello T, Paoletti S, Cesaro A, Delben F "On the solution and gelling behavior of some bacterial polysaccharides" -
Gazzetta Chimica Italiana [Italian] 117 (1987) 611-616
A number of experimental data are presented on the solution and gelling properties of different microbial polysaccharides in aqueous media. These data and recently reported ones are discussed in terms of specific structural and conformational features of the polysaccharide chains. Polymers considered include: gellan (from Pseudomonas elodea), welan (from Alcaligenes spp.), rhamsan (from Alcaligenes spp.), the exocellular and capsular polysaccharides extracted from Rhizobium trifolii (strain TA-1).
Journal NLM ID: 0010615Publisher: Roma: Società chimica italiana
Institutions: Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita di Roma ''La Saperienza'', p.le A. Moro 2, 1-00185 Roma, Italy
Methods: gelation
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14. Compound ID: 13484
|
/Variants 0/-+
|
-3)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1-
/Variants 0/ is:
67%a-L-Rhap-(1-6)-
OR (exclusively)
33%a-L-Manp-(1-6)- |
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Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Trivial name: welan gum
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, rhamnoglucomannan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144144,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 5354
Tako M, Kiriaki M "Rheological properties of welan gum in aqueous media" -
Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 54(12) (1990) 3079-3084
The flow behavior and dynamic viscoelasticity of welan gum solutions were measured with a rheogoniometer. The welan gum showed shear-thinning behavior at a concentration of 0.1%, but plastic behavior above 0.3% at 25°C. The dynamic viscoelasticity increased with increasing concentration, and was scarcely changeable with increasing temperature even at 80°C. Gelation did not occur even in a polysaccharide concentration of 1.0% at low temperature (0°C). An increase of the dynamic modulus was not observed on the addition of CaCl2 (6.8 mM). The dynamic viscoelasticity of welan gum solution was scarcely changeable in a wide range of pH from 2 to 12. The dynamic modulus was also scarcely changeable on addition of urea (4.0 M). Possible mode of intramolecular associations between the OH-4 of the D-glucosyl residue and the adjacent hemiacetal oxygen atom of the L-rhamnosyl residue, and between the methyl group of the L-rhamnosyl residue and the adjacent hemiacetal oxygen atom of the D-glucosyl residue were proposed.
acetylation, Welan gum, Alcaligenes ATCC 31555, rhamnoglucomannan
Publication DOI: 10.1271/bbb1961.54.3079Journal NLM ID: 0370452Publisher: Tokyo: Agricultural Chemical Society Of Japan
Correspondence: tako@eve.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
Institutions: Laboratory for Chemistry of Sugar Technology, College of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
Methods: IR, viscosity measurement, optical rotation measurement, precipitation, dynamic viscoelasticity measurement
- Article ID: 5357
Tako M, Tamaki H "Molecular origin for the thermal stability of S-88 gum produced by Pseudomonas ATCC 31554" -
Polymer Journal 37(7) (2005) 498-505
Non-Newtonian behavior and dynamic viscoelasticity of S-88 gum produced by Pseudomonas ATCC 31554 in aqueous solution were measured with a rheogoniometer. The S-88 gum showed shear-thinning behavior at a concentration of 0.1%, but plastic behavior above 0.3%. Gelation did not occur even at 1.0% and low temperature (0 °C). The viscosity decreased gradually with increasing temperature at concentrations below 0.3%, but increased above 0.8%, where a transition temperature was observed at 45 °C. The elastic modulus showed a constant value during increasing temperature at concentrations above 0.5%. Gelation did not occur in the presence of CaCl2 (6.8 mM) even at a low (0 °C) temperature. A little decrease of the elastic modulus was observed in urea (4.0 M), 0.05 M NaOH, and 85% DMSO solution and kept large values during increasing temperature. The thermal stability for viscosity and dynamic viscoelasticity of S-88 gum molecules might be attributed to intramolecular associations, possible mode of which was proposed.
Hydrogen Bonding, dynamic viscoelasticity, S-88 gum, molecular origin, thermal stability, van der Waals interaction
Publication DOI: 10.1295/polymj.37.498Journal NLM ID: 101535832Publisher: Tokyo: Society of Polymer Science, Japan
Correspondence: tako@eve.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
Institutions: Laboratory for Chemistry of Sugar Technology, College of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
Methods: viscosity measurement, precipitation, dynamic viscoelasticity measurement
- Article ID: 5358
Tako M, Teruya T, Tamaki Y, Konishi T "Molecular origin for rheological characteristics of native gellan gum" -
Colloid and Polymer Science 287(12) (2009) 1445-1454
The 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum showed that the l-rhamnosyl residues of native gellan gum were coinvolved in both a small number of 4C1-pyranose conformations and a large number of 1C4-pyranose conformations, whereas for deacylated polymer, almost of the residues were involved in 4C1-pyranose conformation. The flow curves of native gellan gum showed plastic behavior above 0.2%. The elastic modulus stayed at a constant value with increase in temperature up to 40°C, then decreased rapidly. The elastic modulus increased with addition of CaCl2 (6.8mM) and stayed constant value with increase in temperature up to 65°C, then decreased rapidly. The stronger elastic modulus was observed in deacylated gellan gum with addition of CaCl2. The elastic modulus of native gellan gum showed larger value than that in aqueous solution in the presence of urea (4.0M). Intra- and intermolecular associations of native gellan gum molecules in the presence of Ca+2 were proposed.
1H-NMR spectra, native gellan gum, gelation mechanism, intra- and intermolecular association, rheological characteristic
Publication DOI: 10.1007/s00396-009-2112-2Journal NLM ID: 7507068Publisher: Darmstadt: Drю Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag
Correspondence: tako@agr.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
Institutions: Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaJapan
Methods: 1H NMR, deacetylation, alkaline hydrolysis, viscosity measurement, precipitation, dynamic viscoelasticity measurement
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15. Compound ID: 13488
|
a-L-Rhap-(1-3)-+
|
-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-/Variants 0/-b-D-Glcp-(1-
/Variants 0/ is:
a-L-Rhap-(1-3)-
OR (exclusively)
a-L-Manp-(1-3)- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Trivial name: S-88 gum
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, rhamnoglucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 5357
Tako M, Tamaki H "Molecular origin for the thermal stability of S-88 gum produced by Pseudomonas ATCC 31554" -
Polymer Journal 37(7) (2005) 498-505
Non-Newtonian behavior and dynamic viscoelasticity of S-88 gum produced by Pseudomonas ATCC 31554 in aqueous solution were measured with a rheogoniometer. The S-88 gum showed shear-thinning behavior at a concentration of 0.1%, but plastic behavior above 0.3%. Gelation did not occur even at 1.0% and low temperature (0 °C). The viscosity decreased gradually with increasing temperature at concentrations below 0.3%, but increased above 0.8%, where a transition temperature was observed at 45 °C. The elastic modulus showed a constant value during increasing temperature at concentrations above 0.5%. Gelation did not occur in the presence of CaCl2 (6.8 mM) even at a low (0 °C) temperature. A little decrease of the elastic modulus was observed in urea (4.0 M), 0.05 M NaOH, and 85% DMSO solution and kept large values during increasing temperature. The thermal stability for viscosity and dynamic viscoelasticity of S-88 gum molecules might be attributed to intramolecular associations, possible mode of which was proposed.
Hydrogen Bonding, dynamic viscoelasticity, S-88 gum, molecular origin, thermal stability, van der Waals interaction
Publication DOI: 10.1295/polymj.37.498Journal NLM ID: 101535832Publisher: Tokyo: Society of Polymer Science, Japan
Correspondence: tako@eve.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
Institutions: Laboratory for Chemistry of Sugar Technology, College of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
Methods: viscosity measurement, precipitation, dynamic viscoelasticity measurement
- Article ID: 5358
Tako M, Teruya T, Tamaki Y, Konishi T "Molecular origin for rheological characteristics of native gellan gum" -
Colloid and Polymer Science 287(12) (2009) 1445-1454
The 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum showed that the l-rhamnosyl residues of native gellan gum were coinvolved in both a small number of 4C1-pyranose conformations and a large number of 1C4-pyranose conformations, whereas for deacylated polymer, almost of the residues were involved in 4C1-pyranose conformation. The flow curves of native gellan gum showed plastic behavior above 0.2%. The elastic modulus stayed at a constant value with increase in temperature up to 40°C, then decreased rapidly. The elastic modulus increased with addition of CaCl2 (6.8mM) and stayed constant value with increase in temperature up to 65°C, then decreased rapidly. The stronger elastic modulus was observed in deacylated gellan gum with addition of CaCl2. The elastic modulus of native gellan gum showed larger value than that in aqueous solution in the presence of urea (4.0M). Intra- and intermolecular associations of native gellan gum molecules in the presence of Ca+2 were proposed.
1H-NMR spectra, native gellan gum, gelation mechanism, intra- and intermolecular association, rheological characteristic
Publication DOI: 10.1007/s00396-009-2112-2Journal NLM ID: 7507068Publisher: Darmstadt: Drю Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag
Correspondence: tako@agr.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
Institutions: Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaJapan
Methods: 1H NMR, deacetylation, alkaline hydrolysis, viscosity measurement, precipitation, dynamic viscoelasticity measurement
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Next 15 structure(s)
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