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1. (Article ID: 10007)
 
Kimura Y, Hase S, Ikenaka T, Funatsu G
Structural analyses of sugar chains from Abrus precatorius agglutinin
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 966 (1988) 160-167
 

The structures of asparagine-linked sugar chains of Abrus precatorius agglutinin were determined. The sugar chains were liberated from the lectin by hydrazinolysis. After N-acetylation, the reducing-end residues of the sugar chains were coupled with 2-aminopyridine. The pyridylamino (PA-) derivatives thus obtained were purified by gel filtration and HPLC. The structures of the purified derivatives were identified by component analysis, comparison of their elution positions on HPLC with those of PA-sugar chains of known structures, stepwise exoglycosidase digestion, and partial acetolysis. The major four surgar chains obtained from A. precatorius agglutinin were Manα1→2Manα1→6(Manα1→3)Manβ1→6(Manα1→2Manα2→2Manα1→3)Manα1→GlcNAcβ1→GlcNAc-PA, Manα1→2Manα1→6(Manα1→3)Manα1→6(Manα1→2Manα1→3)Manβ1→GlcNAcβ1→GlcNAc-PA, Manα1→6(Manα1→3)Manα1→6(Manα1→2Manα1→3)Manβ1→4GlcNAcβ1→4GlcNAc-PA, and Manα1→6(Manα1→34) (Xylβ1→2)Manβ1→4GlcNAcβ1→4(Fucα1→3)GlcNAc-PA.

lectin, glycoprotein, Agglutinin, Sugar chain structure, Pyridylamino derivative, Sugar chain processing, A. precatorius

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2. (Article ID: 10217)
 
Kinjo J, Matsumoto K, Inoue M, Takeshita T, Nohara T
Studies on leguminous plants. Part XIX. A new sapogenol and other constituents in abri semen, the seeds of Abrus precatorius L. I
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 39 (1991) 116-119
 

Further study on the chemical constituents of the Abrus species resulted in the isolation of a new sapogenol, abrisapogenol J (1), from the methanolysate of the seeds for Abrus precatorius L., together with sophoradiol (4), its 22-O-acetate (2) and hederagenin methyl ester (5). The structure of 1 has been elucidated to be 3β,22β-dihydroxy-11-oxoolean-13(18)-ene by the use of hetero unclear multiple bonds correlation (HMBC) spectroscopy. In addition, various compounds, trimethyl tryptophan dipolar ion (3), kaikasaponin III methyl ester (6), abrine (7), abrusin (8) and its 2"-O-apioside (9) were obtained from the methanolic extract.

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3. (Article ID: 10992)
 
Kimura Y, Hase S, Ikenaka T, Funatsu G
Structures of sugar chains of abrin a obtained from Abrus precatorius seeds
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 966 (1988) 150-159
 

The amino acid sequences around the glycosylation sites and the structures of the sugar chains of abrin a (a lectin derived from Abrus precatorius) were determined. Two glycopeptides were isolated from pronase digests of the B-chain of abrin a after gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The amino acid sequences of these glycopeptides were determined to be Asp-Asn(CHO)-Gly-Thr and Gly-Asn(CHO)-Asn. The sugar chains of each glycopeptide were liberated by hydrazinolysis and then free amino groups were N-acetylated. The reducing-end residues were coupled with 2-aminopyridine and the resulting pyridylamino (PA-) derivatives of sugar chains were purified by reversed-phase HPLC. The structures of the purified PA-sugar chains were estimated by component analysis, comparison of elution positions with those of standard PA-sugar chains by two kinds of HPLC (Hase, S. et al. (1986) J. Biochem. 100, 1–100), stepwise exoglycosidase digestions, and partial acetolysis. Abrin a was shown to contain the following sugar chains [see text].

lectin, Sugar chain structure, abrin, glycopeptide isolation, Abrus precatorius

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4. (Article ID: 11318)
 
Ma CM, Nakamura N, Hattori M
Saponins and C-glycosyl flavones from the seeds of Abrus precatorius
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 46(6) (1998) 982-987
 

Two new saponins, 3-O-[beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]hederagenin (named abrus-saponin I) and 3-O-[beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolic acid 28-beta-D-glucopyranosyI ester (abrus-saponin II), and three new flavones, 6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4',5-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone (precatorin I), 6-C-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-4',5-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone (precatorin II), 6-C-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]4',5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (precatorin III), were isolated from the seeds of Abrus precatorius L. together with twelve known compounds including a naturally new saponin, 3-O-[beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolic acid. Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods, In addition, the unusual NMR spectral behavior of the flavone C-glycosides is also discussed.

saponin, Leguminosae, Abrus precatorius, C-glycosyl flavone

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5. (Article ID: 11466)
 
Kinghorn AD, Kaneda N, Baek NI, Kennelly EJ, Soejarto DD
Noncariogenic intense natural sweeteners
Medicinal Research Reviews 18(5) (1998) 347-360
 

There is a definite relationship between the dietary consumption of sucrose and the incidence of dental caries. Noncaloric sucrose substitutes for use in the sweetening of foods, beverages, and medicines may be either synthetic compounds or natural products. In the United States, four potently sweet artificial sweeteners are approved, namely, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, and sucralose. Highly sweet plant constituents are used in Japan and some other countries, including the diterpene glycoside stevioside and-the protein thaumatin. Recent progress in a research project oriented towards the discovery and evaluation of novel potentially noncariogenic sweeteners from plants has focused on substances in the sesquiterpenoid, diterpenoid, triterpenoid, steroidal saponin, and proanthocyanidin structural classes. The feasibility of using Mongolian gerbil electrophysiological and behavioral assays to monitor the sweetness of plant extracts, chromatographic fractions, and pure isolates has been investigated. An in vivo cariogenicity study on the commercially available natural sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A has been carried out.

plant constituents, sucrose substitutes, isoprenoids, phenols, biological evaluation

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