Taxonomic group: bacteria / Proteobacteria
(Phylum: Proteobacteria)
Associated disease: infection due to Escherichia coli [ICD11:
XN6P4 
]
NCBI PubMed ID: 28942130Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.07.008Journal NLM ID: 9811312Publisher: London: Elsevier
Correspondence: khosla
stanford.edu
Institutions: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States, Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a glycolipid found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a potent elicitor of innate immune responses in mammals. A typical LPS molecule is composed of three different structural domains: a polysaccharide called the O-antigen, a core oligosaccharide, and Lipid A. Lipid A is the amphipathic glycolipid moiety of LPS. It stimulates the immune system by tightly binding to Toll-like receptor 4. More recently, Lipid A has also been shown to activate intracellular caspase-4 and caspase-5. An impressive diversity is observed in Lipid A structures from different Gram-negative bacteria, and it is well established that subtle changes in chemical structure can result in dramatically different immune activities. For example, Lipid A from Escherichia coli is highly toxic to humans, whereas a biosynthetic precursor called Lipid IVA blocks this toxic activity, and monophosphoryl Lipid A from Salmonella minnesota is a vaccine adjuvant. Thus, an understanding of structure-activity relationships in this glycolipid family could be used to design useful immunomodulatory agents. Here we review the biosynthesis, modification, and structure-activity relationships of Lipid A.
biosynthesis, O-antigen, Escherichia coli, structure-activity relationship, lipid A structure
Structure type: oligomer
Location inside paper: p.130, fig.2, p.133, fig.4, compound 2
Compound class: LPS, lipid A, glycolipid, phosphoglycolipid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135394,IEDB_135515,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_176772,IEDB_534864
Comments, role: review
Related record ID(s): 12265
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 562
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
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