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Taxonomic group: bacteria / Proteobacteria (Phylum: Proteobacteria)
Host organism: Homo sapiens
Associated disease: bacillary dysentery [ICD11: 1A02

, ICD11: XN7HG

]; infection due to Shigella flexneri [ICD11: XN7Y2

]

NCBI PubMed ID: 27349637
Publication DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0746-z
Journal NLM ID: 100966981
Publisher: Biomed Central
Correspondence: sstang

um.edu.my
Institutions: Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Bldg #134 Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Etvax AB, Gunnar Asplunds Alle 16, SE-171 63, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam

BACKGROUND: Shigella spp. are the primary causative agents of bacillary dysentery. Since its emergence in the late 1980s, the S. flexneri serotype 1c remains poorly understood, particularly with regard to its origin and genetic evolution. This article provides a molecular insight into this novel serotype and the gtrIC gene cluster that determines its unique immune recognition. RESULTS: A PCR of the gtrIC cluster showed that serotype 1c isolates from different geographical origins were genetically conserved. An analysis of sequences flanking the gtrIC cluster revealed remnants of a prophage genome, in particular integrase and tRNA(Pro) genes. Meanwhile, Southern blot analyses on serotype 1c, 1a and 1b strains indicated that all the tested serotype 1c strains may have had a common origin that has since remained distinct from the closely related 1a and 1b serotypes. The identification of prophage genes upstream of the gtrIC cluster is consistent with the notion of bacteriophage-mediated integration of the gtrIC cluster into a pre-existing serotype. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show that serotype 1c isolates from different geographical origins share an identical pattern of genetic arrangement, suggesting that serotype 1c strains may have originated from a single parental strain. Analysis of the sequence around the gtrIC cluster revealed a new site for the integration of the serotype converting phages of S. flexneri. Understanding the origin of new pathogenic serotypes and the molecular basis of serotype conversion in S. flexneri would provide information for developing cross-reactive Shigella vaccines.

Shigella flexneri, glucosyltransferase, Bacillary dysentery, Evolutionary origin, Serotype-conversion, Serotype 1c

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Location inside paper: fig.1, seroype 1c
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_125613,IEDB_125614,IEDB_127514,IEDB_133752,IEDB_133753,IEDB_133754,IEDB_135813,IEDB_135849,IEDB_136105,IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141815,IEDB_141816,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143253,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151531,IEDB_153213,IEDB_225177,IEDB_232584,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983931,SB_192

Methods: PCR, DNA techniques, genetic methods, Southern blotting, bioinformatic analysis, serotyping
Biosynthesis and genetic data: genetic data
Comments, role: published polymerization frame was shifted for conformity with other records

Related record ID(s): 11971, 12252
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 1935181
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G73887MN, GlycomeDB:16630
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

*O[C@H]1[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@@H](NC(C)=O)[C@H](*)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]4O[C@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O[C@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@@H]3O)O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize