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1. Compound ID: 17775
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b-D-Glcp-(1-6)-+
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-3)-b-D-Glcp-(1-3)-b-D-Glcp-(1-3)-b-D-Glcp-(1- |
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Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Trivial name: pachyman, β-1,3/1,6-glucan, schizophyllan, pleuran, TM8, grifolan, lentinan, scleroglucan, grifolan, schizophyllan, tylopilan, pleuran, a water soluble polysaccharide, alkaline-soluble polysaccharide, (1,3)-β-D-glucan, laminarin
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, glucan, polysaccharide, β-glucan, β-D-glucan (GLP)
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1397514,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_158555,IEDB_161166,IEDB_2278476,IEDB_2278477,IEDB_241101,IEDB_558869,IEDB_857743,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 6979
Zhang M, Zhang L, Wang Y, Cheung PC "Chain conformation of sulfated derivatives of β-glucan from sclerotia of Pleurotus tuber-regium" -
Carbohydrate Research 338(24) (2003) 2863-2870
Six water-insoluble (1→3)-β-D-glucan fractions TM8-1 to TM8-6 with weight-average molecular mass Mw ranging from 5.76 to 77.4×104 obtained from the sclerotia of Pleurotus tuber-regium were sulfated to produce the water-soluble fractions S-TM8-1 to S-TM8-6 with Mw from 6.0 to 64.8×104. The degree of substitution (DS) of S-TM8 fractions was analyzed by elemental analysis (EA) to be 1.14–1.74. The 13C NMR results indicated that the C-6 was fully substituted, and C-2, C-4 were partially substituted by the sulfo-groups. The Mw and the intrinsic viscosity [η] of the S-TM8 fractions were measured, respectively, by size-exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering (SEC-LLS), LLS and viscometry in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at 37 °C. The dependences of [η] and radius of gyration 〈s2〉z1/2 on Mw for the S-TM8 samples were found to be [η]=1.89×10−2Mw0.70 (cm3/g) and 〈s2〉z1/2=1.12×10−4Mw0.81 (nm) in the Mw range tested. Based on current theories for a wormlike chain model, the molar mass per unit contour length ML and persistence length q of the S-TM8 were calculated to be 990 nm−1 and 8.5 nm, respectively. The relatively higher q value suggested a more expanded flexible chain of S-TM8 in PBS. The water-solubility and relatively expanded chain conformation of the STM8 fractions were considered to be significant to their antiviral activity. Water-insoluble (1→3)-β-D-glucans having different Mw values from the sclerotia of P. tuber-regium were sulfated to afford water-soluble derivatives. The modified β-glucans were shown by SEC-LLS and viscometry to have a more expanded flexible chain in aqueous solution than the native polysaccharides.
conformation, molecular mass, β-D-glucan, sulfonation, Pleurotus tuber-regium
NCBI PubMed ID: 14667707Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.08.013Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: lnzhang@public.wh.hb.cn
Institutions: Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Methods: 13C NMR, IR, light scattering, viscosity measurement, SEC-MALLS, sulfonation
- Article ID: 7157
Ruiz-Herrera J, Elorza MV, Valentin E, Sentandreu R "Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans and its relation to pathogenicity" -
FEMS Yeast Research 6(1) (2006) 14-29
Candida albicans is one of the most important opportunistic pathogenic fungi. Weakening of the defense mechanisms of the host, and the ability of the microorganism to adapt to the environment prevailing in the host tissues, turn the fungus from a rather harmless saprophyte into an aggressive pathogen. The disease, candidiasis, ranges from light superficial infections to deep processes that endanger the life of the patient. In the establishment of the pathogenic process, the cell wall of C. albicans (as in other pathogenic fungi) plays an important role. It is the outer structure that protects the fungus from the host defense mechanisms and initiates the direct contact with the host cells by adhering to their surface. The wall also contains important antigens and other compounds that affect the homeostatic equilibrium of the host in favor of the parasite. In this review, we discuss our present knowledge of the structure of the cell wall of C. albicans, the synthesis of its different components, and the mechanisms involved in their organization to give rise to a coherent composite. Furthermore, special emphasis has been placed on two further aspects: how the composition and structure of C. albicans cell wall compare with those from other fungi, and establishing the role of some specific wall components in pathogenesis. From the data presented here, it becomes clear that the composition, structure and synthesis of the cell wall of C. albicans display both subtle and important differences with the wall of different saprophytic fungi, and that some of these differences are of utmost importance for its pathogenic behavior.
Pathogenesis, cell wall, glycoproteins, Glucans, Candida albicans, chitin
NCBI PubMed ID: 16423067Publication DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2005.00017.xJournal NLM ID: 101085384Publisher: Oxford University Press
Correspondence: Ruiz-Herrera J
Institutions: Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Mexico, Departament de Microbiología i Ecología, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Article ID: 7169
Yang L, Zhang LM "Chemical structural and chain conformational characterization of some bioactive polysaccharides isolated from natural sources" -
Carbohydrate Polymers 76(3) (2009) 349-361
Some polysaccharides isolated from natural sources show various important biological activities, such as antitumor, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects, which are strongly affected by their chemical structures and chain conformations. This article attempts to review the current development on structural and conformational characterization of some importantly bioactive polysaccharides isolated from natural sources. The chemical structures were analyzed by FTIR, liquid-state NMR (one and two dimensions), solid-sate NMR, Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography (GC), GC–Mass (GC–MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chain conformations of polysaccharides in solutions were investigated using static and dynamic light scattering, viscosity analysis based on the theory of dilute polymer solution, circular dichroism analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) including single molecular AFM and AFM-based single-molecule force spectroscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy.
chemical structure, polysaccharides, biological activity, Chain conformation
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.12.015Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Liqun Yang
Institutions: Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
Methods: NMR, chemical analysis, MS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy
- Article ID: 7677
Samalova M, Mélida H, Vilaplana F, Bulone V, Soanes DM, Talbot NJ, Gurr SJ "The β-1,3-glucanosyltransferases (Gels) affect the structure of the rice blast fungal cell wall during appressorium-mediated plant infection" -
Cellular Microbiology 19(3) (2017) e12659
The fungal wall is pivotal for cell shape and function, and in interfacial protection during host infection and environmental challenge. Here, we provide the first description of the carbohydrate composition and structure of the cell wall of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. We focus on the family of glucan elongation proteins (Gels) and characterize five putative β-1,3-glucan glucanosyltransferases that each carry the Glycoside Hydrolase 72 signature. We generated targeted deletion mutants of all Gel isoforms, that is, the GH72+ , which carry a putative carbohydrate-binding module, and the GH72- Gels, without this motif. We reveal that M. oryzae GH72+ GELs are expressed in spores and during both infective and vegetative growth, but each individual Gel enzymes are dispensable for pathogenicity. Further, we demonstrated that a Δgel1Δgel3Δgel4 null mutant has a modified cell wall in which 1,3-glucans have a higher degree of polymerization and are less branched than the wild-type strain. The mutant showed significant differences in global patterns of gene expression, a hyper-branching phenotype and no sporulation, and thus was unable to cause rice blast lesions (except via wounded tissues). We conclude that Gel proteins play significant roles in structural modification of the fungal cell wall during appressorium-mediated plant infection.
NCBI PubMed ID: 27568483Publication DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12659Journal NLM ID: 100883691Publisher: Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell
Correspondence: s.j.gurr@exeter.ac.uk
Institutions: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden, Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, Australia, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
Methods: methylation, GC-EI-MS, acid hydrolysis, biological assays, acetylation, cell growth, RNA sequencing, confocal microscopy, SEM, TEM
- Article ID: 7944
Hamuro J, Röllinghoff M, Wagner H "Induction of cytotoxic peritoneal exudate cells by T-cell immune adjuvants of the β-(1-3)-glucan-type lentinan and its analogues" -
Immunology 39(4) (1980) 551-559
Eight distinct polysaccharides (PS) of β-(1-3)-glucan type were tested for their capacity to render murine peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) cytotoxic. After intraperitoneal injection of lentinan, pachymaran and HE-pachyman 3 and 4 highly cytotoxic PEC were induced. Pachyman and HE-pachyman 1 and 2 were of moderate effect, whereas CM-pachymaran and HE-pachyman 3 and 4, highly cytotoxic PEC were induced. Pachyman and HE-pachymacrophages. The induction of PEC-dependent cytotoxicity exhibited a strict dose relationship. Optimal administration of PS resulted in the induction of cytotoxicity, which persisted for more than 25 days. Surprisingly, none of the PS tested was capable of rendering normal or thioglycollate-induced PEC cytoxic under in vitro conditions. It is suggested that the capacity of PS to render in vivo macrophages cytotoxic is related to the potency of these PS to activate the alternative pathway of complement system (APC) in so far as C3b may be the essential component required to render macrophages cytotoxic.
glucan, lentinan, T-cell immune adjuvants
NCBI PubMed ID: 6966608Journal NLM ID: 0374672Publisher: Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications
Institutions: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, West Germany
Methods: periodate oxidation, reduction with NaBH4, cytotoxicity assay, biological assay, carboxymethylation, hydroxyethylation
- Article ID: 7977
Harada T, Miura N, Adachi Y, Nakajima M, Yadomae T, Ohn N "Effect of SCG, 1,3-β-D-glucan from Sparassis crispa on the hematopoietic response in cyclophosphamide induced leukopenic mice" -
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 25(7) (2002) 931-939
Sparassis crispa Fr. is an edible mushroom recently cultivable in Japan. It contains a remarkably high content of 6-branched 1,3-β-D-glucan showing antitumor activity. Using ion-exchange chromatography, a purified β-glucan preparation, SCG, was prepared. In this study, we examined the hematopoietic response by SCG in cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced leukopenic mice. SCG enhanced the hematopoietic response in CY induced leukopenic mice by intraperitoneal routes over a wide range of concentrations. SCG enhanced the hematopoietic response in CY-treated mice by prior or post administration. Analyzing the leukocyte population by flow cytometry, monocytes and granulocytes in the peritoneal cavity, liver, spleen and bone marrow (BM) recovered faster than in the control group. The ratio of natural killer cells and gammadelta T cells in the liver, spleen and peritoneal cavity was also increased. In contrast, CD4+ CD8+ cells in the thymus were temporarily significantly decreased by the administration of SCG. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production of CY+SCG-treated peritoneal exdated cells (PECs), spleen cells and bone marrow cells (BMCs) were higher than that of the CY-treated group. By in vitro culture of CY-treated PEC and spleen cells, IL-6 production was enhanced by the addition of SCG. These facts suggested the possibility that IL-6 might be a key cytokine for the enhanced hematopoietic response by SCG.
β-glucan, interleukin-6, SCG, hematopoietic response, natural killer cell
NCBI PubMed ID: 12132673Publication DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.931Journal NLM ID: 9311984Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
Correspondence: Naohito Ohno
Institutions: Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo, Japan, Minahealth Co., Ltd., Menuma, Ohsato, Saitama, Japan
Methods: ELISA, extraction, flow cytometry analysis, precipitation, biological assay, interleukin-6 assay
- Article ID: 8082
Qin F, Sletmoen M, Stokke BT, Christensen BE "Higher order structures of a bioactive, water-soluble (1→3)-β-D-glucan derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae" -
Carbohydrate Polymers 92(2) (2013) 1026-1032
Water-soluble (1→3)-β-D-glucans with 1,6-linked branches (SBG), originally isolated from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and partially depolymerised to a weight average degree of polymerisation (DP(w)) in the range 120-160 for optimal performance in wound healing applications, were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS), SEC MALLS and AFM. Results indicate that dilute aqueous SBG solutions (1 μg/ml to 3 mg/ml) contain higher order structures with a very wide size distribution in water (10-500 nm), corresponding to a mixture of single chains, multi-chain aggregates including triple-stranded motifs, and particulate materials. The latter were enriched in longer chains compared to non-particulate fractions. The size distribution of SBG aggregates shifted to slightly lower values upon heating, but showed hysteresis upon cooling. AFM images prepared from very dilute aqueous solution (1-5 μg/ml) analysis showed by comparison to other (1→3)-β-D-glucans that some of the structures were the triple helical species coexisting with larger aggregates and single chains, in contrast to carboxymethylated SBG, which contained predominantly single chains. The ability to control the aggregation behaviour of SBG enables tailoring of the physical, and possibly bioactive, properties of SBG preparations.
1, AFM, SEC-MALLS, DLS, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 3 glucan, CM-curdlan
NCBI PubMed ID: 23399124Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.10.013Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Christensen BE
Institutions: NOBIPOL, Dept. of Biotechnology, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
Methods: atomic force microscopy, SEC-MALLS, dynamic light scattering
- Article ID: 8248
Bohn JA, BeMiller JN "(1→3)-β-D-Glucans as biological response modifiers: a review of structure-functional activity relationships" -
Carbohydrate Polymers 28(1) (1995) 3-14
(1→3)-β-D-Glucans that have β-D-glucopyranosyl units attached by (1→6) linkages as single unit branches enhance the immune system systemically. This enhancement results in antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, anticoagulatory and wound healing activities. The (1→3)-β-D-glucan backbone is essential. The most active polymers have degrees of branching (DB) between 0.20 and 0.33. Data suggest both that triple helical structures formed from high molecular weight polymers are possibly important for immunopotentiating activity and that activity is independent of any specific ordered structure. Other data indicate that it is the distribution of the branch units along the backbone chain that is responsible for activity. There are data that indicate both that β-D-glucopyranosyl units are required for immunopotentiating activity and that the specific nature of the substituent is unimportant. There are also data that indicate both that the more water-soluble polymers are more active (up to a certain degree of substitution (DS) or DB) and that some insoluble aggregates are more stimulatory than the soluble polymers. The best conclusion at this time is that the immunopotentiating activity of (1→3)-β-D-glucans depends on a helical conformation and on the presence of hydrophilic groups located on the outside surface of the helix. Immunopotentiation effected by binding of a (1→3)-β-glucan molecule or particle probably includes activation of cytotoxic macrophages, helper T cells, and NK cells, promotion of T cell differentiation, and activation of the alternative complement pathway.
structure-functional activity
Publication DOI: 10.1016/0144-8617(95)00076-3Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
- Article ID: 8279
Wang F, Hao L, Jia S, Wang Q, Zhang X, Niu S "A review of research on polysaccharide from Coriolus versicolor" -
Book: Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Applied Biotechnology (ICAB 2012) (series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering) (2014) Vol. 249, Chapter 40, 393-399
In recent years, edible and medicinal fungi attract more and more interest for their various biological functions and they have become a research focus. Polysaccharide of Coriolus versicolor is isolated from Coriolus versicolor or its broth, and gained much attention from the industries of medicine, food, cosmetics and even chemistry, and so on because of its superior biological activity and functions. This paper reviews the recent studies on polysaccharide from Coriolus versicolor, about its structure, properties, fermentation, purification, application, market, and prospects. It is also a comprehensive survey of polysaccharide for further research and development.
polysaccharide, review, Coriolus versicolor, fungal polysaccharide
Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37916-1_40Publisher: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Correspondence: Jia S
Editors: Zhang TC, Ouyang P, Kaplan S, Skarnes B
Institutions: Key Laboratory Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China, The Quartermaster Equipment Institute of GLD of PLA, Beijing, China
- Article ID: 8473
Cho SM, Jang KY, Park HJ, Park JS "Analysis of the chemical constituents of Agaricus brasiliensis" -
Mycobiology 36(1) (2008) 50-54
This study examined the chemical composition of A. blasiliensis and the chemical structural properties of an immuno-stimulating polysaccharide. The amino acids, free sugars, and organic acids by HPLC and fatty acids by GC were analyzed. The immuno-stimulating substance from A. blasiliensis was extracted with hot water and purified by ethanol precipitation. It underwent ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Toyopearl HW 65F. Through GP-HPLC, the substance was found to be homogeneous. Its chemical structure was determined by 13C-NMR. Fatty acids, organic acids, and sugar alcohol composition consisted exclusively of linoleic acid, fumaric acid and mannitol, respectively. The amino acids were mainly glutamic acid, glycine, and arginine. By (13)C-NMR analysis, the immuno-stimulating substance was identified as β-(1→3) (1→6)-glucan, composed of a backbone with (1→3)-linked D-glucopyranosyl residues branching a (1→6)-linked D-glucopyranosyl residue. The β-glucan from A. blasiliensis showed pronounced immuno-stimulating activity on the antibody-production ability of B-lymphocytes by the hemolytic suspension assay. In these results, A. blasiliensis was estimated to have potent pharmacological properties and potential nutritional values
chemical composition, Agaricus blasiliensis, immuno-stimulating substance
NCBI PubMed ID: 23997608Publication DOI: 10.4489/MYCO.2008.36.1.050Journal NLM ID: 100960027Publisher: Seoul, Korea: Korean Society of Mycology
Correspondence: Cho SM
Institutions: National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Suwon, Korea
Methods: 13C NMR, methylation, GC, amino acid analysis, HPLC, GPC, UV, ion-exchange chromatography, extraction, CC, LC, antibody production
- Article ID: 8813
Wang Y, Shi X, Yin J, Nie S "Bioactive polysaccharide from edible Dictyophora spp.: Extraction, purification, structural features and bioactivities" -
Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre 14 (2018) 25-32
Dictyophora indusiata and many other Dictyophora mushrooms distribute widely around the world. They have long been used as edible mushroom in China. Owing to the outstanding healthy benefits, various bioactive substances from Dictyophora indusiata, including polysaccharide, amino acid, vitamin and protein, have been studied in recent years. Polysaccharide is one of the most important substances reported through out years. This review outlines recent progress on the extraction, purification, structural features and biological activities of polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata.
structure, polysaccharide, bioactivity, Dictyophora indusiata
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2017.07.008Journal NLM ID: 101628882Publisher: Amsterdam: Elsevier
Correspondence: Nie S
Institutions: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Article ID: 8999
He Y, Zhang L, Wang H "The biological activities of the antitumor drug Grifola frondosa polysaccharide" -
Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science 163 (2019) 221-261
Grifola frondosa, a polypore fungus that grows at the base of trees, is an edible and medicinal mushroom with a large fruiting body characterized by overlapping caps. Japanese scholars found that Grifola frondosa polysaccharide or D-fraction is the major biologically active ingredient, which is a protein-bound glucan or proteoglucan, consisting of β-glucan (either β-1,6-linked glucan with β-1,3 branches or β-1,3-linked glucan branched with β-1,6 glucosides, but it also contains D-xylose, D-fucose, D-mannose, L-arabinose, uronic acid, and galactose with largely unknown linkages. The Grifola frondosa polysaccharides with different molecular weight and monosaccharide compositions can be obtained by using different extraction methods, such as hot water extraction, acid or alkaline extraction, or microwave extraction methods from the fruiting bodies, mycelia or the fermentation broth. Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-based drug was developed in China and approved as an adjunctive therapeutic drug for cancer treatment by the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) in 2010. There are eight fungal glycan-based drugs, some of them have to be injected in order to be effective in vivo but the Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-based drug can be taken either orally or by injection. In this article, based on the search results of Chinese VIP, CNKI, Wanfang database and PubMed database, 108 independent studies were summarized. The chemical structure, the antitumor, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemia, and antiviral activity and molecular mechanisms of GFP are reviewed and discussed. Our goal is to provide a molecular picture that would allow in-depth evaluation of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide as an adjunctive drug for cancer therapy.
polysaccharide, cancer, Grifola frondosa, D-Fraction, adjunctive drug, biological response modifier (BRM), oral capsules
NCBI PubMed ID: 31030750Publication DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.02.010Journal NLM ID: 101498165Publisher: Amsterdam,Boston: Elsevier/AP
Correspondence: He Y
; Wang H
Institutions: Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, Department of Research Management, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Article ID: 9030
Mingyi Y, Belwal T, Devkota HP, Li L, Luo Z "Trends of utilizing mushroom polysaccharides (MPs) as potent nutraceutical components in food and medicine: A comprehensive review" -
Trends in Food Science and Technology 92 (2019) 94-110
Mushroom polysaccharides (MPs) act as a functional food and perform diverse biological activities. Significance of MPs in various health promoting products have been extensively reported by scientific community mainly on structural features, biological activities, potential uses and advances in their extraction, cultivation and biomolecular techniques which need to be reviewed for their better understanding and utilization. From the perspective of how MPs were utilized in various nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals (NPC) products as health promoting agents, this review aims to comprehensively discuss MPs phyto-pharmacology, structural features, advances and trends of utilization. Moreover, this review also highlights the challenges and future consideration for its holistic utilization in different NPC formulations. MPs were found to be effective against various disease conditions mainly through modulating cell surface receptors. Overall from the last ten years, the research on MPs has increased tremendously and countries like China ranked first. Among various biological activities, MPs are a better choice for antioxidant followed by immunomodulatory, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity and its use been increased as functional food. Various advanced techniques for MPs extraction, biomolecular characterization and artificial synthesis for NPC formulations are currently in use, however, the study on its complex structure, better culture and extraction conditions need further research. Moreover, a holistic approach needs to be adopted for mushroom utilization for the production of MPs as functional food. This review presents a comprehensive discussion on MPs research as functional compounds utilized in food and medicine and could be beneficial for various NPC formulations.
immunomodulatory, Antioxidant, bioactivity, Anticancer, mushroom polysaccharides, nutraceuticals
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.009Journal NLM ID: 9426004Publisher: Cambridge, UK: Elsevier Trends Journals
Correspondence: luozisheng@zju.edu.cn
Institutions: Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan, Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Article ID: 9056
Wang XY, Zhang DD, Yin JY, Nie SP, Xie MY "Recent developments in Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides: extraction, purification, structural characteristics and biological activities" -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 59(sup1) (2019) ID S96-S115
Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus), an edible mushroom with medicinal value, has a long history of usage in China and other oriental countries. Polysaccharide is supposed to be one of the major bioactive compounds in H. erinaceus, which possesses immunomodulating, anti-cancer, antioxidant, gastroprotection and intestinal health promotion, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antihpyerglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. In this review, the current advancements on extraction, purification, structural characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharide from different sources (fruiting body, mycelium and culture broth) of H. erinaceus were summarized. Among these aspects, summaries of the structural characteristics focused on the purified polysaccharides. Meanwhile, comparisons on the structural characteristics among the purified polysaccharides obtained from above three sources were made. Moreover, their biological activities were introduced on the basis of in vivo and in vitro experiments, and some possible action mechanisms were listed. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationship of the polysaccharide was discussed. New perspectives for the future work of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide were also proposed. HIGHLIGHTS Extraction, purification, structural characteristics and biological activities of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide (HEP) were summarized. Structural characteristics of the purified polysaccharides from different sources (fruiting body, mycelium and culture broth) of Hericium erinaceus were summarized and compared. Structure-activity relationship of HEP was discussed, and new perspectives for the future work of this polysaccharide were proposed.
structure, polysaccharide, biological activity, structure-activity relationship
NCBI PubMed ID: 30421988Publication DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1521370Journal NLM ID: 8914818Publisher: London: Informa Healthcare
Correspondence: Xie MY
; Yin JY
Institutions: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Article ID: 9058
Wang Y, Lai L, Teng L, Li Y, Cheng J, Chen J, Deng C "Mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity by a polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages" -
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 126 (2019) 1158-1166
Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharides (DIP) shows antioxidant, anti-tumor and immunostimulatory activities. However, the anti-inflammatory roles of DIP in NLRP3 inflammasome in LPS-stimulated macrophages are still not well defined. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of DIP in LPS-primed RAW264.7 macrophages. Our data showed that DIP inhibited NF-κB signal pathway via modulating TLR4 expression, phosphorylation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 subunit. Meanwhile, DIP reduced inflammasome activation via decreasing NLRP3 expression in cytoplasmic pools, limiting self-assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as the subsequent activation of caspase-1 and the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. For the first time, we show that the anti-inflammatory activity of DIP is mediated by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during LPS-induced acute inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages.
anti-inflammatory activity, dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide, NLRP3 inflammasome
NCBI PubMed ID: 30625352Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.022Journal NLM ID: 7909578Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: Chen J
; Deng C
Institutions: Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China, School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
Methods: IR, GC-MS, ELISA, Western blotting, biological assays, GPC, extraction, dialysis, enzymatic assay, flow cytometry analysis, precipitation, macrophage activity assay, Sevag method, centrifugation, ROS measurement
- Article ID: 9059
Wang Y, Ji X, Yan M, Chen X, Kang M, Teng L, Wu X, Chen J, Deng C "Protective effect and mechanism of polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice" -
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 140 (2019) 973-984
Polysaccharide (DIP) from Dictyophora indusiata has showed noteworthy anti-inflammatory activities. Given that the closely relationship between inflammation and ulcerative colitis, we speculated that DIP may alleviate ulcerative colitis. However, there was not any report about the effect of DIP on this disease. The purpose of this paper is to explore the protective effect and mechanism of DIP on DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. The data indicated that DIP could improve DSS-induced colitis by restoring intestinal barrier function and regulating macrophage polarization. Its mechanism was found to be associated with decreased oxidative stresses and inflammation, suppressive key signal pathways related with colitis, improved the expression of tight junction proteins and down-regulated M1 macrophage polarization. The results suggested that DIP could be served as an agent for improving intestinal inflammation in functional foods or nutraceutical formulations.
Macrophage polarization, anti-inflammatory activity, dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide, DSS-induced colitis, intestinal barrier function
NCBI PubMed ID: 31449863Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.198Journal NLM ID: 7909578Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: Chen J
; Deng C
Institutions: Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China, School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
Methods: 13C NMR, ELISA, GC, Western blotting, biological assays, GPC, extraction, enzymatic assay, flow cytometry analysis, phenol-sulfuric acid assay, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, histological analysis
- Article ID: 9306
Golovchenko VV, Naranmandakh S, Ganbaatar J, Prilepskii AY, Burygin GL, Chizhov AO, Shashkov AS "Structural investigation and comparative cytotoxic activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from fruit bodies of the medicinal fungus quinine conk" -
Phytochemistry 175 (2020) ID 112313
The structures and cytotoxic activities of water-soluble polysaccharides were investigated to search for biologically active polysaccharides from the fruit bodies of quinine conks (Fomitopsis officinalis). The decoctions of this medical fungus are actively used in folk medicine in many countries and traditional Chinese medicine. From the fungal extract we prepared, only branched β-glucan had cytotoxic activity among all the water-soluble polysaccharides. This glucan is characterized by a regular structure. Its backbone is formed by 1,3-linked β-D-Glcp residues, of which every third residue is substituted at O-6 by a single β-D-Glcp residue. It has a triple helix conformation according to the data obtained from a colorimetric assay with Congo red dye and is characterized by a high-weight average molar mass (Mw > 800 kDa). β-Glucan possessed cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells (IC50 = 318 ± 47 μg/mL) and induced the formation of apoptotic bodies around most cancer cells at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. It should be noted that extraction with boiling water, which is usually used to obtain extracts and decoctions, is unable to isolate active β-glucan. Active β-glucan can be obtained in an individual state by cold alkali extraction after dehydration of the fruit bodies and removal of the components extractable by boiling water.
NMR spectroscopy, β-glucan, Basidiomycota, HeLa cells, Fomitopsis officinalis, Fomitopsidaceae, fucosylated xylomannan, heteropolysaccharides
NCBI PubMed ID: 32353551Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112313Journal NLM ID: 0151434Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Golovchenko VV
Institutions: N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, N.I. Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Saratov, Russia
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, NMR-2D, GC-MS, acid hydrolysis, HPLC, extraction, acetylation, methylation analysis, SEC, reduction, fluorescence microscopy, cytotoxicity assay, precipitation, phenol-sulfuric acid assay, spectrophotometry, evaporation, Congo Red assay, centrifugation, Lowry method, deproteination
- Article ID: 9320
Morales D, Rutckeviski R, Villalva M, Abreu H, Soler-Rivas C, Santoyo S, Iacomini M, Smiderle FR "Isolation and comparison of α- and β-D-glucans from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) with different biological activities" -
Carbohydrate Polymers 229 (2020) ID 115521
A polysaccharide-enriched extract obtained from Lentinula edodes was submitted to several purification steps to separate three different D-glucans with β-(1→6), β-(1→3),(1→6) and α-(1→3) linkages, being characterized through GC-MS, FT-IR, NMR, SEC and colorimetric/fluorimetric determinations. Moreover, in vitro hypocholesterolemic, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were also tested. Isolated glucans exerted HMGCR inhibitory activity, but only β-(1→6) and β-(1→3),(1→6) fractions showed DPPH scavenging capacity. Glucans were also able to lower IL-1β and IL-6 secretion by LPS-activated THP-1/M cells and showed cytotoxic effect on a breast cancer cell line that was not observed on normal breast cells. These in vitro results pointed important directions for further in vivo studies, showing different effects of each chemical structure of the isolated glucans from shiitake mushrooms.
β-Glucans, α-glucans, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, shiitake mushroom, hypocholesterolemic
NCBI PubMed ID: 31826486Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115521Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Morales D
; Rutckeviski R ; Villalva M, ; Abreu H ; Soler-Rivas C ; Santoyo S ; Iacomini M ; Smiderle FR
Institutions: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil, Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research - CIAL (UAM+CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, IR, GC-MS, inhibition studies, acid hydrolysis, extraction, acetylation, fluorescence spectroscopy, SEC, reduction, dialysis, antioxidant activities, cytotoxicity assay, precipitation, antitumor activity assay, Congo Red assay, centrifugation, MTT
- Article ID: 9449
Liu G-K, Yang T-X, Wang J-R "Polysaccharides from Polyporus umbellatus: A review on their extraction, modification, structure, and bioactivities" -
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 189 (2021) 124-134
Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fries, a well-known medicinal fungus, has been reported to exhibit important functions of diuresis and dampness infiltration in traditional Chinese Medicine. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that the P. umbellatus polysaccharides (PUPs) are the main and representative pharmacologically active ingredients and display multiple bioactivities both in vivo and in vitro methods, such as those of antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, anti-proliferative and hepatoprotective. Besides, many PUPs have been isolated from the different sources of P. umbellatus, including sclerotia, fruiting body, mycelia and fermentation liquid of this fungus. The purpose of the present review is to comprehensively and systematically reorganize the available information related to the extraction, purification, modification, structure characterization and to discuss diverse biological activities of PUPs to support their potential application value in pharmaceuticals field, functional foods and cosmetics areas. In addition, new invaluable insights on the future research with PUPs have also been proposed in the important areas of structural characterization and pharmacological activities.
polysaccharides, modification, bioactivities, Polyporus umbellatus, structural features, extraction methods
NCBI PubMed ID: 34419536Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.101Journal NLM ID: 7909578Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: Liu G-K
; Wang J-R
Institutions: College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, China
- Article ID: 9510
Cateni F, Gargano ML, Procida G, Venturella G, Cirlincione F, Ferraro V "Mycochemicals in wild and cultivated mushrooms: nutrition and health" -
Phytochemistry Reviews 21(2) (2022) 339-383
The mushrooms have contributed to the development of active ingredients of fundamental importance in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry as well as of important tools in human and animal health, nutrition, and functional food. This review considers studies on the beneficial effects of medicinal mushrooms on the nutrition and health of humans and farm animals. An overview of the chemical structure and composition of mycochemicals is presented in this review with particular reference to phenolic compounds, triterpenoids and sterols, fatty acids and lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, peptides, and lectins. The nutritional value and chemical composition of wild and cultivated mushrooms in Italy is also the subject of this review which also deals with mushrooms as nutraceuticals and the use of mushrooms in functional foods. The nutraceutical benefits of UV irradiation of cultivated species of basidiomycetes to generate high amounts of vitamin D2 is also highlighted and the ability of the muhsrooms to inhibit glycation is analyzed. Finally, attention is paid to studies on bioactivities of some Italian wild and cultivated mushrooms with particular reference to species belonging to the genus Pleurotus. The review highlights the potential of medicinal mushrooms in the production of mycochemicals that represent a source of drugs, nutraceutical, and functional food. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
mushroom, chemical structures, cultivation, nutrition, fungal diversity, mycochemicals
Publication DOI: 10.1007/s11101-021-09748-2Journal NLM ID: 101198162Publisher: Dordrecht: Springer
Correspondence: M. L. Gargano
Institutions: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, Bari, 70126, Italy, Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bld. 5, Palermo, 90128, Italy
- Article ID: 9567
Wang M, Yu F "Research Progress on the Anticancer Activities and Mechanisms of Polysaccharides From Ganoderma" -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 13 (2022) 891171
Cancer ranks as a primary reason for death worldwide. Conventional anticancer therapies can cause severe side effects, and thus natural products may be promising drug candidates for cancer therapy. Accumulating evidence has verified the prominent anticancer properties of Ganoderma polysaccharides, suggesting that Ganoderma polysaccharides may be effective chemopreventive agents of natural origin. Based on their abilities to prevent cancer development by regulating the DNA damage response, cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, host immunity, gut microbiota and therapeutic sensitivity, there has been increasing interest in elucidating the clinical implication of Ganoderma polysaccharides in cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize recent findings pertaining to the roles of bioactive polysaccharides from Ganoderma in cancer pathogenesis, discuss the multifarious mechanisms involved and propose future directions for research. A more sophisticated understanding of the anticancer benefits of Ganoderma polysaccharides will be helpful for improving current treatments and developing novel therapeutic interventions for human malignancies.
polysaccharides, cancer, Ganoderma, anticancer properties, chemopreventive agents, therapeutic intervention
NCBI PubMed ID: 35865946Publication DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891171Journal NLM ID: 101548923Publisher: Lausanne: Frontiers Media
Correspondence: M. Wang
Institutions: Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Article ID: 9619
Gopal J, Muthu M "Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the analysis of mushroom polysaccharides of clinical, nutritional, and medicinal significance-contemplating the achievements and eliciting future trends" -
Trends in Analytical Chemistry 164 (2023) 117095
Mushrooms have progressively transitioned from a rich man's diet to a popular universally accepted nutrient-rich food. Packed with multiple elixirs for health and human welfare, mushrooms have gained paramount importance. Mushroom polysaccharides have now become recognized as the icons of mushroom bioactivity. This being the case, detection, identification, characterization, structural elucidation of these polysaccharides becomes ideally unequivocal. This review briefly highlights the biological importance of mushroom polysaccharides. The analytical techniques currently applied for analysis of mushroom polysaccharides have been consolidated and summarized. The current scenario while using MALDI TOF MS for polysaccharide analysis and further its application for mushroom polysaccharide analysis has been comprehensively gathered and presented for the first time. This pioneering work, based on the accumulated information, addresses the gaps in this application area, points out to the challenges and limitations and proposes future recommendations for widening the prospects for fully utilizing this analytical tool (MALDI-TOF MS).
mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF-MS, mushroom polysaccharides, medicinal properties
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117095Journal NLM ID: 8105858Publisher: Amsterdam: Elsevier
Correspondence: M. Muthu
Institutions: Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
- Article ID: 9640
Liu L, Feng J, Jiang S, Zhou S, Yan M, Zhang Z, Wang W, Liu X, Zhang J "Anti-inflammatory and intestinal microbiota modulation properties of Ganoderma lucidum β-d-glucans with different molecular weight in an ulcerative colitis model" -
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 251 (2023) 126351
This study systematically investigated the therapeutic effects and the corresponding mechanisms of β-D-glucans from Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) with different molecular weights (Mws) on ulcerative colitis (UC). Results showed that three β-d-glucans (GLPS, GLPN and GLPW) from G. lucidum with different Mws exhibited the significant activities on the reduction of typical symptoms of UC by regulating inflammatory cytokine levels, modulating intestinal immunity, improving intestinal microbiota and metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice model. Among them, the effects of the microwave assisted degraded fraction (GLPW) mainly containing two fractions with smaller Mw (1.33 × 104 and 3.51 × 103 g/mol) on the regulation of inflammatory factors and SCFAs metabolism were found to be comparable to those of GLPN with medium Mw (3.49 × 104 g/mol), and superior to those of GLPS with large Mw (2.42 × 106 g/mol). The effect of GLPW on regulation of intestinal microbiota was even better than that of GLPN. These findings suggested that lowering Mw by means of physical degradation could improve the anti-inflammatory activities of G. lucidum β-d-glucans. The analysis of anti-inflammatory mechanism also provided a feasible and theoretical basis for potential use of degraded β-d-glucans in the prevention and treatment of UC.
molecular weight, Ganoderma lucidum, anti-inflammatory activity, β-D-Glucans, SCFAs metabolism
NCBI PubMed ID: 37597635Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126351Journal NLM ID: 7909578Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: Y. Liu
; J. Zhang
Institutions: Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
Methods: Western blotting, cytokine analysis, statistical analysis, RNA sequencing, flow cytometry analysis, ethanol precipitation, hot water extraction, biological studies
- Article ID: 9686
Zhao M, Guan Z, Tang N, Cheng Y "The differences between the water- and alkaline-soluble Poria cocos polysaccharide: A review" -
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 235 (2023) 123925
Poria cocos (PC) refers to a fungal species which is also known as "Fuling" in China. For >2000 years, PC has demonstrated its therapeutic values as a kind of traditional medicine. It is believed that the various biological benefits created by PCs highly rely on the Poria cocos polysaccharide (PCP). This review recapitulates the recent progress made in PCP in four aspects: i) the methods of extraction, separation, and purification, ii) structural characterization and identification, iii) the related bioactivities and mechanism of action, and iv) structure-activity relationships. Through discussion about the objective as mentioned above, it can be found out that PCP is categorized into water-soluble polysaccharide (WPCP) and alkaline-soluble polysaccharide (APCP), which are totally different in structure and bioactivity. The structures of WPCP are multiplicity whose backbone can be (1,6)-α-galactan and (1,3)-β-mannoglucan etc. to perform various bioactivities including anti-tumor effect, anti-depressant effect, anti-Alzheimer effect, anti-atherosclerosis effect, hepatoprotection etc. The structures of APCP are much more single with backbone of (1,3)-β-D-glucan and the studies of activity concentrate on anti-tumor effect, anti-inflammatory effect and immunomodulation. Besides, the future opportunities of WPCP are primary structure identification. For APCP, scholars can focus on the conformation of polysaccharide and its relationship with activity.
bioactivities, Poria cocos, structural features, water-soluble polysaccharide, alkaline-soluble polysaccharide
NCBI PubMed ID: 36871682Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123925Journal NLM ID: 7909578Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: Y. Cheng
Institutions: College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, Beijing 100083, China, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macao
- Article ID: 9692
Cui FJ, Yang YM, Sun L, Zan XY, Sun WJ, Zeb U "Grifola frondosa polysaccharides: A review on structure/activity, biosynthesis and engineering strategies" -
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 257 (2024) ID 128584
Polysaccharides are the main polymers in edible fungi Grifola frondosa, playing a crucial role in the physiology and representing the healthy benefits for humans. Recent efforts have well elucidated the fine structures and biological functions of G. frondosa polysaccharides. The recently-rapid developments and increasing availability in fungal genomes also accelerated the better understanding of key genes and pathways involved in biosynthesis of G. frondosa polysaccharides. Herein, we provide a brief overview of G. frondosa polysaccharides and their activities, and comprehensively outline the complex process, genes and proteins corresponding to G. frondosa polysaccharide biosynthesis. The regulation strategies including strain improvement, process optimization and genetic engineering were also summarized for maximum production of G. frondosa polysaccharides. Some remaining unanswered questions in describing the fine synthesis machinery were also pointed out to open up new avenues for answering the structure-activity relationship and improving polysaccharide biosynthesis in G. frondosa. The review hopefully presents a reasonable full picture of activities, biosynthesis, and production regulation of polysaccharide in G. frondosa
biosynthesis, structure, polysaccharide, regulation, activity, glucan, Grifola frondosa
NCBI PubMed ID: 38056754Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128584Journal NLM ID: 7909578Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: fengjiecui@ujs.edu.cn
Institutions: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-Production, Dexing, China
- Article ID: 9720
Agnihotri C, Aarzoo, Agnihotri S, Kamal S, Singh BP "Mushroom bioactives: Traditional resources with nutraceutical importance" -
Book: Traditional resources and tools for modern drug discovery (2024) 617-639
Mushrooms are widely recognized for their significant contributions to human well-being, earning their status as functional foods due to their rich nutritional and therapeutic attributes. These fungi encompass diverse natural constituents, including polysaccharides, glycoproteins, phenolic compounds, and proteins, all exhibiting immunomodulatory, anticarcinogenic, prebiotic, and antimicrobial properties. In recent years, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, mushroom and associated secondary metabolites have garnered increased recognition for their efficacy in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. The pandemic has increased a shift in people’s dietary preferences, aligning them more closely with healthier food options and nutritional supplements. Various mushroom species, including Lentinus edodes, Ganoderma species, Pleurotus species, and diverse wild mushrooms, known for their bioactive molecules, notably polysaccharides and proteins, have demonstrated immunomodulatory characteristics through their precise interactions with cellular receptors. Furthermore, ongoing research endeavors are focused on the targeted delivery of bioactive compounds derived from mushrooms, which are responsible for inhibiting cancerous cell growth and enhancing the phenomenon of apoptosis. This research direction is driven by increasing environmental and biological stress, which creates harmful molecules called reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS play a pivotal role in disrupting critical mitochondrial signaling pathways, including MAPKs, caspase 3, caspase 9, and others. Numerous components from specific mushroom varieties hold the potential to rectify these pathological conditions and reinstate cellular homeostasis. In summary, the book chapter provides facts about the potential beneficial effect of mushroom extracts and their active compounds and sheds light on the underlying targeted studies in the sector of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals
mushrooms, immunomodulatory, reactive oxygen species, anticarcinogenic
Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-4600-2_24Publisher: Springer Singapore
Correspondence: bpsingh@niftem.ac.in
Editors: Talukdar AD, Das G, Patra JK, Nath D
Institutions: Deparment of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, NIFTEM-K, Sonepat, India, Directorate of Mushroom Research (DMR), Solan, India
- Article ID: 9723
Gautam I, Singh K, Widanage MCD, Yarava JR, Wang T "New vision of cell walls in Aspergillus fumigatus from solid-state NMR spectroscopy" -
Journal of Fungi 10(3) (2024) ID 219
The fungal cell wall plays a critical role in regulating cellular integrity and communication, and serves as a frontline defense against stress. It is also a prime target for the development of antifungal agents. The cell wall is comprised of diverse polysaccharides and proteins and poses a challenging target for high-resolution structural characterization. Recently, the solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) analysis of intact Aspergillus fumigatus cells has provided atomic-level insights into the structural polymorphism and functional assembly principles of carbohydrate components within the cell wall. This physical perspective, alongside structural information from biochemical assays, offers a renewed understanding of the cell wall as a highly complex and dynamic organelle. Here, we summarize key conceptual advancements in the structural elucidation of A. fumigatus mycelial and conidial cell walls and their responses to stressors. We also highlight underexplored areas and discuss the opportunities facilitated by technical advancements in ssNMR spectroscopy
polysaccharide, carbohydrate, cell wall, glucan, Aspergillus, fungi, antifungal, chitin, solid-state NMR
Publication DOI: 10.3390/jof10030219Journal NLM ID: 101671827Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: MDPI AG
Correspondence: Gautam I
; Singh K ; Widanage MCD ; Yarava JR ; Wang T
Institutions: Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Methods: ssNMR
- Article ID: 9731
Khaytmetova SB, Turaeva AS, Khalilova GA, Muhitdinov BI "Isolation, physico-chemical characteristics, and acute toxicity evaluation of water-soluble polysaccharide from basidial raw material Ganoderma lucidum" -
Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 50 (2024) 95-105
As a result of the study, branched polysaccharides were isolated from the basidiomycete raw materials of Ganoderma lucidum. It has been established that the isolated fractions contain branched polysaccharides in the form of complexes with melanin. After purification of polysaccharides by ion-exchange chromatography, two fractions were obtained from basidial raw materials: neutral polysaccharides GW-1 with a yield of 25.71% and anionic polysaccharides GW-2, the yield of which was 5.26%, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the obtained samples were studied by IR and UV spectroscopy. The degree of purity of the obtained fractions of branched polysaccharides was established. Using gas chromatography, one-dimensional (13C NMR, 1H NMR) and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) NMR spectroscopy, the composition and molecular structure of the obtained polysaccharide samples were determined. The results showed that the isolated and purified polysaccharides are branched glucans with 1,4,6- and 1,3,6-bonds between glucopyranose units. Pharmacotoxicological studies were carried out on white outbred mice and it was found that the resulting polysaccharides belong to class V, practically non-toxic compounds (LD50³ 2000 mg/kg). Isolated polysaccharides (GW) are promising biologically active components, on the basis of which it is possible to create drugs with hepatoprotective and antitumor activity
β-glucan, Basidiomycetes, fruit body, physical and chemical characteristics
Publication DOI: 10.1134/S1068162024010011Journal NLM ID: 9420101Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media
Correspondence: Khaytmetova SB
Institutions: A.S. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, acid hydrolysis, biological assays, ion-exchange chromatography, extraction, acetylation, methylation analysis, reduction, phenol-sulfuric acid assay, FT-IR, column chromatography
- Article ID: 10997
Bailey MJ, Siika-aho M, Valkeajarvi A, Penttila ME "Hydrolytic properties of two cellulases of Trichoderma reesei expressed in yeast" -
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 17 (1993) 65-76
Two cellulases of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei, cellobiohydrolase II (CBHII, EC 3.2.1.91) and endoglucanase I (EGI, EC 3.2.1.4), produced in recombinant strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were tested in the hydrolysis of cellulose, xylan and other polymeric substrates. Both enzymes were active against unsubstituted, insoluble cellulose. CBHII had greater activity than EGI against crystalline cellulose, whereas in the case of amorphous substrate the order was reversed. Evidence for synergism was obtained when mixtures of the two enzymes were used with a constant total protein dosage. The EGI was also active against soluble substituted cellulose derivatives, whereas the activity of CBHII against these substrates was insignificant. Both enzymes were active against barley (1→3,1→4)-β-glucan, but were inactive against (1→3,1→6)-β-glucan (laminarin). An apparent low mannan-degrading activity of EGI against locust-bean (Ceratonia siliqua) gum galactomannan was not confirmed when homopolymeric mannan was used as substrate in a prolonged hydrolysis test. EGI exhibited considerably greater activity against insoluble, unsubstituted hardwood xylan than against amorphous cellulose. Soluble 4-O-methyl-glucuronoxylan was also attacked by EGI, although to a somewhat lesser extent than the unsubstituted xylan. By comparison with two purified xylanases of T. reesei, EGI produced xylo-oligosaccharides with a longer mean chain length when acting on both substituted and unsubstituted xylan substrates. CBHII was inactive against xylan.
NCBI PubMed ID: 8439405Journal NLM ID: 8609465Institutions: VTT, Biotechnical Laboratory, Espoo, Finland
Methods: HPLC, hydrolysis, enzyme essay
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2. Compound ID: 19772
|
a-D-Xylp-(1-4)-Subst
Subst = nemotinic acid = SMILES C#CC#CC=C=C{4}C(O)CCC(=O)O |
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Structure type: monomer
C16H18O7
Compound class: glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 7805
Bu'Lock JD, Gregory H "The structure and reactions of a polyacetylenic glycoside" -
Journal of the Chemical Society 0 (1960) 2280-2285
The polyacetylenic metabolites of Basidiomycete B-841 comprise not only the free hydroxy-acids and lactones (1)-(IV), but also a glycoside fraction of which the main component is the β-D-xylopyranoside of nemotinic acid. Both this xyloside and its hydrogenation product are hydrolysed by alkali, as well as by acid; the course of these reactions is elucidated and a probable configuration assigned to C(4) of nemotinic acid.
Xylose, polyacetylenic glycoside, nemotinic acid, Basidiomycete B-841
Publication DOI: 10.1039/JR9600002280Journal NLM ID: 7507187Publisher: London: Chemical Society
Institutions: Microbial Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University, Manchester, UK
Methods: periodate oxidation, acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, extraction, optical rotation measurement, cell growth, spectrophotometry, evaporation, hydrogenation, orcinol-ferric chloride method
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3. Compound ID: 21184
|
/Variants 0/-+
|
b-D-Glcp4(%)Ac6(%)Ac-(1-2)-b-D-Xylp-(1-2)-b-D-Xyl4Ac
/Variants 0/ is:
Subst-(22-1)-
OR (exclusively)
Subst2-(22-1)-
OR (exclusively)
Subst1-(21-1)-
Subst1 = 2R,16S,17R,21S-tetrahydroxyhexacosanoic acid = SMILES CCCCC{21}[C@H](O)CCC{17}[C@@H](O){16}[C@@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC{2}[C@@H](O){1}C(=O)O;
Subst2 = 2R,17S,18R,22R-tetrahydroxyhexacosanoic acid = SMILES CCCC{22}[C@@H](O)CCC{18}[C@@H](O){17}[C@@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC{2}[C@@H](O){1}C(=O)O;
Subst = 2R,17R,18R,22R-tetrahydroxyhexacosanoic acid = SMILES CCCC{22}[C@@H](O)CCC{18}[C@@H](O){17}[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC{2}[C@@H](O){1}C(=O)O |
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Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: deacetyl glykenin A, deacetyl glykenin B, deacetyl glykenin C
Compound class: glycolipid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 8523
Abdel-Mawgoud AM, Stephanopoulos G "Simple glycolipids of microbes: Chemistry, biological activity and metabolic engineering" -
Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 3(1) (2018) 3-19
Glycosylated lipids (GLs) are added-value lipid derivatives of great potential. Besides their interesting surface activities that qualify many of them to act as excellent ecological detergents, they have diverse biological activities with promising biomedical and cosmeceutical applications. Glycolipids, especially those of microbial origin, have interesting antimicrobial, anticancer, antiparasitic as well as immunomodulatory activities. Nonetheless, GLs are hardly accessing the market because of their high cost of production. We believe that experience of metabolic engineering (ME) of microbial lipids for biofuel production can now be harnessed towards a successful synthesis of microbial GLs for biomedical and other applications. This review presents chemical groups of bacterial and fungal GLs, their biological activities, their general biosynthetic pathways and an insight on ME strategies for their production.
glycosides, biosurfactant, glycolipids biosynthesis, glycosyl/acyl transferases, lipid biotechnology, physiological roles
NCBI PubMed ID: 29911195Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.12.001Journal NLM ID: 101694371Publisher: Beijing, China: KeAi Communications Co.
Correspondence: Stephanopoulos G
Institutions: Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
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4. Compound ID: 21407
|
/Variants 0/-+
|
b-D-Glcp6Ac-(1-2)-b-D-Xylp-(1-2)-b-D-Xyl4Ac
/Variants 0/ is:
Subst-(22-1)-
OR (exclusively)
Subst2-(22-1)-
OR (exclusively)
Subst1-(21-1)-
Subst1 = 2R,16S,17R,21S-tetrahydroxyhexacosanoic acid = SMILES CCCCC{21}[C@H](O)CCC{17}[C@@H](O){16}[C@@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC{2}[C@@H](O){1}C(=O)O;
Subst2 = 2R,17S,18R,22R-tetrahydroxyhexacosanoic acid = SMILES CCCC{22}[C@@H](O)CCC{18}[C@@H](O){17}[C@@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC{2}[C@@H](O){1}C(=O)O;
Subst = 2R,17R,18R,22R-tetrahydroxyhexacosanoic acid = SMILES CCCC{22}[C@@H](O)CCC{18}[C@@H](O){17}[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC{2}[C@@H](O){1}C(=O)O |
Show graphically |
Structure type: oligomer
; 969 [M-H]-; 993 [M+Na]+
Trivial name: glykenin
Compound class: glycolipid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 8624
Nishida F, Mori Y, Sonobe C, Suzuki M, Meevootisom V, Flegel TW, Thebtaranonth Y, Intararuangsorn S "Structure elucidation of glycosidic antibiotics glykenins from Basidiomycetes sp. III Structure of glykenin IV" -
The Journal of Antibiotics 44(5) (1991) 541-545
Structure determination, COSY, antibacterial activity, Glykenins
NCBI PubMed ID: 2061195Publication DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.44.541Journal NLM ID: 0151115Publisher: London: Nature Publishing Group
Institutions: Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Japan, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Methods: 1H NMR, IR, HPLC, UV, extraction, acetylation, CC, COSY, SI-MS
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5. Compound ID: 21408
|
/Variants 0/-+
|
b-D-Glcp2Ac3Ac4Ac6Ac-(1-2)-b-D-Xylp3Ac4Ac-(1-2)-b-D-Xyl3Ac4Ac
/Variants 0/ is:
Subst-(1-1)-Subst3-2Ac17Ac18Ac-(22-1)-
OR (exclusively)
Subst-(1-1)-Subst2-2Ac17Ac18Ac-(22-1)-
OR (exclusively)
Subst-(1-1)-Subst1-2Ac16Ac17Ac-(21-1)-
Subst1 = 2R,16S,17R,21S-tetrahydroxyhexacosanoic acid = SMILES CCCCC{21}[C@H](O)CCC{17}[C@@H](O){16}[C@@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC{2}[C@@H](O){1}C(=O)O;
Subst2 = 2R,17S,18R,22R-tetrahydroxyhexacosanoic acid = SMILES CCCC{22}[C@@H](O)CCC{18}[C@@H](O){17}[C@@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC{2}[C@@H](O){1}C(=O)O;
Subst3 = 2R,17R,18R,22R-tetrahydroxyhexacosanoic acid = SMILES CCCC{22}[C@@H](O)CCC{18}[C@@H](O){17}[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC{2}[C@@H](O){1}C(=O)O;
Subst = 2-hydroxy-1-phenylethan-1-one = SMILES O=C({1}CO)c1ccccc1 |
Show graphically |
Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: glykenin
Compound class: glycolipid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_61
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 8624
Nishida F, Mori Y, Sonobe C, Suzuki M, Meevootisom V, Flegel TW, Thebtaranonth Y, Intararuangsorn S "Structure elucidation of glycosidic antibiotics glykenins from Basidiomycetes sp. III Structure of glykenin IV" -
The Journal of Antibiotics 44(5) (1991) 541-545
Structure determination, COSY, antibacterial activity, Glykenins
NCBI PubMed ID: 2061195Publication DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.44.541Journal NLM ID: 0151115Publisher: London: Nature Publishing Group
Institutions: Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Japan, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Methods: 1H NMR, IR, HPLC, UV, extraction, acetylation, CC, COSY, SI-MS
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6. Compound ID: 21409
|
/Variants 0/-+
|
b-D-Glcp-(1-2)-b-D-Xylp-(1-2)-b-D-Xyl
/Variants 0/ is:
Subst-(22-1)-
OR (exclusively)
Subst2-(22-1)-
OR (exclusively)
Subst1-(21-1)-
Subst1 = 2R,16S,17R,21S-tetrahydroxyhexacosanoic acid = SMILES CCCCC{21}[C@H](O)CCC{17}[C@@H](O){16}[C@@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC{2}[C@@H](O){1}C(=O)O;
Subst2 = 2R,17S,18R,22R-tetrahydroxyhexacosanoic acid = SMILES CCCC{22}[C@@H](O)CCC{18}[C@@H](O){17}[C@@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC{2}[C@@H](O){1}C(=O)O;
Subst = 2R,17R,18R,22R-tetrahydroxyhexacosanoic acid = SMILES CCCC{22}[C@@H](O)CCC{18}[C@@H](O){17}[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC{2}[C@@H](O){1}C(=O)O |
Show graphically |
Structure type: oligomer
; 931 [M+2Na-H]+, 909 [M+Na]+
Trivial name: glykenin
Compound class: glycolipid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 8624
Nishida F, Mori Y, Sonobe C, Suzuki M, Meevootisom V, Flegel TW, Thebtaranonth Y, Intararuangsorn S "Structure elucidation of glycosidic antibiotics glykenins from Basidiomycetes sp. III Structure of glykenin IV" -
The Journal of Antibiotics 44(5) (1991) 541-545
Structure determination, COSY, antibacterial activity, Glykenins
NCBI PubMed ID: 2061195Publication DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.44.541Journal NLM ID: 0151115Publisher: London: Nature Publishing Group
Institutions: Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Japan, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Methods: 1H NMR, IR, HPLC, UV, extraction, acetylation, CC, COSY, SI-MS
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7. Compound ID: 21619
Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: arabinan
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 8719
Wefers D, Bunzel M "Arabinan and galactan oligosaccharide profiling by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD)" -
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64(22) (2016) 4656-4664
Arabinans and galactans are complex pectic polysaccharides, which greatly influence the physicochemical and physiological properties of plants and plant-based foods. Conventional methods to characterize these challenging polymers are based on derivatization and/or unselective chemical cleavage of the glycosidic bonds of the polysaccharides, resulting in partial loss of essential information such as anomeric configuration. Here, endo-arabinanase and endo-galactanase were used to selectively cleave pectic arabinans and galactans. The liberated oligosaccharides were purified and characterized by LC-MS and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy resulting in known but also several previously unknown pectic structural elements. For the routine analysis of pectin hydrolysates by HPAEC-PAD, incubation conditions, chromatographic parameters, and relative response factors of the isolated pectic oligosaccharides against an internal standard were determined. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing different well-characterized plant cell wall materials. It was demonstrated that the developed method yields additional information about pectic arabinan and galactan structures that is not obtained from conventional methods such as methylation analysis.
HPAEC-PAD, pectins, screening, dietary fiber, oligosaccharide profiling, pectic arabinans and galactans, plant cell wall constituents, selective enzymatic hydrolysis
NCBI PubMed ID: 27167141Publication DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01121Journal NLM ID: 0374755Publisher: American Chemical Society
Correspondence: Bunzel M
Institutions: Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, GC-MS, HPLC, HPAEC-PAD, reduction with NaBD4, acetylation, LC-MS, methylation analysis, HMBC, COSY, HSQC, HPLC-ELSD, TFA hydrolysis
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8. Compound ID: 21620
Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: arabinan
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 8719
Wefers D, Bunzel M "Arabinan and galactan oligosaccharide profiling by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD)" -
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64(22) (2016) 4656-4664
Arabinans and galactans are complex pectic polysaccharides, which greatly influence the physicochemical and physiological properties of plants and plant-based foods. Conventional methods to characterize these challenging polymers are based on derivatization and/or unselective chemical cleavage of the glycosidic bonds of the polysaccharides, resulting in partial loss of essential information such as anomeric configuration. Here, endo-arabinanase and endo-galactanase were used to selectively cleave pectic arabinans and galactans. The liberated oligosaccharides were purified and characterized by LC-MS and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy resulting in known but also several previously unknown pectic structural elements. For the routine analysis of pectin hydrolysates by HPAEC-PAD, incubation conditions, chromatographic parameters, and relative response factors of the isolated pectic oligosaccharides against an internal standard were determined. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing different well-characterized plant cell wall materials. It was demonstrated that the developed method yields additional information about pectic arabinan and galactan structures that is not obtained from conventional methods such as methylation analysis.
HPAEC-PAD, pectins, screening, dietary fiber, oligosaccharide profiling, pectic arabinans and galactans, plant cell wall constituents, selective enzymatic hydrolysis
NCBI PubMed ID: 27167141Publication DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01121Journal NLM ID: 0374755Publisher: American Chemical Society
Correspondence: Bunzel M
Institutions: Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, GC-MS, HPLC, HPAEC-PAD, reduction with NaBD4, acetylation, LC-MS, methylation analysis, HMBC, COSY, HSQC, HPLC-ELSD, TFA hydrolysis
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9. Compound ID: 21621
Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: arabinan
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 8719
Wefers D, Bunzel M "Arabinan and galactan oligosaccharide profiling by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD)" -
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64(22) (2016) 4656-4664
Arabinans and galactans are complex pectic polysaccharides, which greatly influence the physicochemical and physiological properties of plants and plant-based foods. Conventional methods to characterize these challenging polymers are based on derivatization and/or unselective chemical cleavage of the glycosidic bonds of the polysaccharides, resulting in partial loss of essential information such as anomeric configuration. Here, endo-arabinanase and endo-galactanase were used to selectively cleave pectic arabinans and galactans. The liberated oligosaccharides were purified and characterized by LC-MS and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy resulting in known but also several previously unknown pectic structural elements. For the routine analysis of pectin hydrolysates by HPAEC-PAD, incubation conditions, chromatographic parameters, and relative response factors of the isolated pectic oligosaccharides against an internal standard were determined. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing different well-characterized plant cell wall materials. It was demonstrated that the developed method yields additional information about pectic arabinan and galactan structures that is not obtained from conventional methods such as methylation analysis.
HPAEC-PAD, pectins, screening, dietary fiber, oligosaccharide profiling, pectic arabinans and galactans, plant cell wall constituents, selective enzymatic hydrolysis
NCBI PubMed ID: 27167141Publication DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01121Journal NLM ID: 0374755Publisher: American Chemical Society
Correspondence: Bunzel M
Institutions: Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, GC-MS, HPLC, HPAEC-PAD, reduction with NaBD4, acetylation, LC-MS, methylation analysis, HMBC, COSY, HSQC, HPLC-ELSD, TFA hydrolysis
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10. Compound ID: 21622
|
a-D-Araf-(1-3)-+
|
a-D-Araf-(1-3)-a-D-Araf-(1-5)-a-D-Araf-(1-5)-a-D-Araf |
Show graphically |
Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: arabinan
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 8719
Wefers D, Bunzel M "Arabinan and galactan oligosaccharide profiling by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD)" -
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64(22) (2016) 4656-4664
Arabinans and galactans are complex pectic polysaccharides, which greatly influence the physicochemical and physiological properties of plants and plant-based foods. Conventional methods to characterize these challenging polymers are based on derivatization and/or unselective chemical cleavage of the glycosidic bonds of the polysaccharides, resulting in partial loss of essential information such as anomeric configuration. Here, endo-arabinanase and endo-galactanase were used to selectively cleave pectic arabinans and galactans. The liberated oligosaccharides were purified and characterized by LC-MS and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy resulting in known but also several previously unknown pectic structural elements. For the routine analysis of pectin hydrolysates by HPAEC-PAD, incubation conditions, chromatographic parameters, and relative response factors of the isolated pectic oligosaccharides against an internal standard were determined. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing different well-characterized plant cell wall materials. It was demonstrated that the developed method yields additional information about pectic arabinan and galactan structures that is not obtained from conventional methods such as methylation analysis.
HPAEC-PAD, pectins, screening, dietary fiber, oligosaccharide profiling, pectic arabinans and galactans, plant cell wall constituents, selective enzymatic hydrolysis
NCBI PubMed ID: 27167141Publication DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01121Journal NLM ID: 0374755Publisher: American Chemical Society
Correspondence: Bunzel M
Institutions: Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, GC-MS, HPLC, HPAEC-PAD, reduction with NaBD4, acetylation, LC-MS, methylation analysis, HMBC, COSY, HSQC, HPLC-ELSD, TFA hydrolysis
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11. Compound ID: 21623
|
a-D-Araf-(1-3)-+
|
a-D-Araf-(1-3)-a-D-Araf-(1-5)-a-D-Araf-(1-5)-b-D-Araf |
Show graphically |
Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: arabinan
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 8719
Wefers D, Bunzel M "Arabinan and galactan oligosaccharide profiling by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD)" -
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64(22) (2016) 4656-4664
Arabinans and galactans are complex pectic polysaccharides, which greatly influence the physicochemical and physiological properties of plants and plant-based foods. Conventional methods to characterize these challenging polymers are based on derivatization and/or unselective chemical cleavage of the glycosidic bonds of the polysaccharides, resulting in partial loss of essential information such as anomeric configuration. Here, endo-arabinanase and endo-galactanase were used to selectively cleave pectic arabinans and galactans. The liberated oligosaccharides were purified and characterized by LC-MS and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy resulting in known but also several previously unknown pectic structural elements. For the routine analysis of pectin hydrolysates by HPAEC-PAD, incubation conditions, chromatographic parameters, and relative response factors of the isolated pectic oligosaccharides against an internal standard were determined. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing different well-characterized plant cell wall materials. It was demonstrated that the developed method yields additional information about pectic arabinan and galactan structures that is not obtained from conventional methods such as methylation analysis.
HPAEC-PAD, pectins, screening, dietary fiber, oligosaccharide profiling, pectic arabinans and galactans, plant cell wall constituents, selective enzymatic hydrolysis
NCBI PubMed ID: 27167141Publication DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01121Journal NLM ID: 0374755Publisher: American Chemical Society
Correspondence: Bunzel M
Institutions: Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, GC-MS, HPLC, HPAEC-PAD, reduction with NaBD4, acetylation, LC-MS, methylation analysis, HMBC, COSY, HSQC, HPLC-ELSD, TFA hydrolysis
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12. Compound ID: 21624
|
a-D-Araf-(1-3)-+
|
a-D-Araf-(1-3)-a-D-Araf-(1-5)-a-D-Araf-(1-5)-a-D-Araf-(1-5)-a-D-Araf |
Show graphically |
Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: arabinan
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 8719
Wefers D, Bunzel M "Arabinan and galactan oligosaccharide profiling by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD)" -
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64(22) (2016) 4656-4664
Arabinans and galactans are complex pectic polysaccharides, which greatly influence the physicochemical and physiological properties of plants and plant-based foods. Conventional methods to characterize these challenging polymers are based on derivatization and/or unselective chemical cleavage of the glycosidic bonds of the polysaccharides, resulting in partial loss of essential information such as anomeric configuration. Here, endo-arabinanase and endo-galactanase were used to selectively cleave pectic arabinans and galactans. The liberated oligosaccharides were purified and characterized by LC-MS and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy resulting in known but also several previously unknown pectic structural elements. For the routine analysis of pectin hydrolysates by HPAEC-PAD, incubation conditions, chromatographic parameters, and relative response factors of the isolated pectic oligosaccharides against an internal standard were determined. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing different well-characterized plant cell wall materials. It was demonstrated that the developed method yields additional information about pectic arabinan and galactan structures that is not obtained from conventional methods such as methylation analysis.
HPAEC-PAD, pectins, screening, dietary fiber, oligosaccharide profiling, pectic arabinans and galactans, plant cell wall constituents, selective enzymatic hydrolysis
NCBI PubMed ID: 27167141Publication DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01121Journal NLM ID: 0374755Publisher: American Chemical Society
Correspondence: Bunzel M
Institutions: Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, GC-MS, HPLC, HPAEC-PAD, reduction with NaBD4, acetylation, LC-MS, methylation analysis, HMBC, COSY, HSQC, HPLC-ELSD, TFA hydrolysis
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13. Compound ID: 21625
|
a-D-Araf-(1-3)-+
|
a-D-Araf-(1-3)-a-D-Araf-(1-5)-a-D-Araf-(1-5)-a-D-Araf-(1-5)-b-D-Araf |
Show graphically |
Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: arabinan
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 8719
Wefers D, Bunzel M "Arabinan and galactan oligosaccharide profiling by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD)" -
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64(22) (2016) 4656-4664
Arabinans and galactans are complex pectic polysaccharides, which greatly influence the physicochemical and physiological properties of plants and plant-based foods. Conventional methods to characterize these challenging polymers are based on derivatization and/or unselective chemical cleavage of the glycosidic bonds of the polysaccharides, resulting in partial loss of essential information such as anomeric configuration. Here, endo-arabinanase and endo-galactanase were used to selectively cleave pectic arabinans and galactans. The liberated oligosaccharides were purified and characterized by LC-MS and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy resulting in known but also several previously unknown pectic structural elements. For the routine analysis of pectin hydrolysates by HPAEC-PAD, incubation conditions, chromatographic parameters, and relative response factors of the isolated pectic oligosaccharides against an internal standard were determined. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing different well-characterized plant cell wall materials. It was demonstrated that the developed method yields additional information about pectic arabinan and galactan structures that is not obtained from conventional methods such as methylation analysis.
HPAEC-PAD, pectins, screening, dietary fiber, oligosaccharide profiling, pectic arabinans and galactans, plant cell wall constituents, selective enzymatic hydrolysis
NCBI PubMed ID: 27167141Publication DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01121Journal NLM ID: 0374755Publisher: American Chemical Society
Correspondence: Bunzel M
Institutions: Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, GC-MS, HPLC, HPAEC-PAD, reduction with NaBD4, acetylation, LC-MS, methylation analysis, HMBC, COSY, HSQC, HPLC-ELSD, TFA hydrolysis
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Total list of structure IDs on all result pages of the current query:
Total list of corresponding CSDB IDs (permanent record IDs):
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