Taxonomic group: bacteria / Firmicutes
(Phylum: Firmicutes)
Associated disease: infection due to Streptococcus pyogenes [ICD11:
XN7YG 
];
infection due to Bacillus cereus [ICD11:
XN8PY ]
NCBI PubMed ID: 34905344Publication DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00729Journal NLM ID: 2985134RPublisher: Chem Rev
Correspondence: ben.swarts
cmich.edu
Institutions: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, United States, Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, United States
Bacteria possess an extraordinary repertoire of cell envelope glycans that have critical physiological functions. Pathogenic bacteria have glycans that are essential for growth and virulence but are absent from humans, making them high-priority targets for antibiotic, vaccine, and diagnostic development. The advent of metabolic labeling with bioorthogonal chemical reporters and small-molecule fluorescent reporters has enabled the investigation and targeting of specific bacterial glycans in their native environments. These tools have opened the door to imaging glycan dynamics, assaying and inhibiting glycan biosynthesis, profiling glycoproteins and glycan-binding proteins, and targeting pathogens with diagnostic and therapeutic payload. These capabilities have been wielded in diverse commensal and pathogenic Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and mycobacterial species-including within live host organisms. Here, we review the development and applications of chemical reporters for bacterial glycans, including peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide, glycoproteins, teichoic acids, and capsular polysaccharides, as well as mycobacterial glycans, including trehalose glycolipids and arabinan-containing glycoconjugates. We cover in detail how bacteria-targeting chemical reporters are designed, synthesized, and evaluated, how they operate from a mechanistic standpoint, and how this information informs their judicious and innovative application. We also provide a perspective on the current state and future directions of the field, underscoring the need for interdisciplinary teams to create novel tools and extend existing tools to support fundamental and translational research on bacterial glycans.
biosynthesis, glycoconjugates, glycan, polysaccharides, Gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria
Structure type: suggested polymer biological repeating unit
Location inside paper: p. 3398, Fig. 47, S. pyogenes, B. cereus, hyaluronic acid
Trivial name: hyaluronan, hyaluronic acid, hyaluronan (glycosaminoglycan GAG)
Compound class: CPS, EPS, glycosaminoglycan, mucopolysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_135813,IEDB_137340,IEDB_140630,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151527,IEDB_151531,IEDB_231709,IEDB_423153
Comments, role: review; published polymerization frame was shifted for conformity with other records.
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 1314,
1396Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G28158RP, GlycomeDB:
899
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Found 
report error