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Taxonomic group: bacteria / Firmicutes (Phylum: Firmicutes)
Associated disease: infection due to Bacillus subtilis [ICD11: XM4SG9

]

NCBI PubMed ID: 37696369
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126825
Journal NLM ID: 7909578
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: Q. Gu <guqing2002

hotmail.com>
Institutions: Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China

Teichoic acid (TA) is a weakly anionic polymer present in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria. It can be classified into wall teichoic acid (WTA) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) based on its localization in the cell wall. The structure and biosynthetic pathway of TAs are strain-specific and have a significant role in maintaining cell wall stability. TAs have various beneficial functions, such as immunomodulatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities. However, the purity and yield of TAs are generally not high, and different isolation methods may even affect their structural integrity, which limits the research progress on the probiotic functions of TA. This paper reviews an overview of the structure and biosynthetic pathway of TAs in different strains, as well as the research progress of the isolation and purification methods of TAs. Furthermore, this review also highlights the current research status on the biological functions of TAs. Through a comprehensive understanding of this review, it is expected to pave the way for advancements in isolating and purifying high-quality TAs and, in turn, lay a foundation for contributing to the development of targeted probiotic therapies.

biosynthesis, structure, cell wall, teichoic acid, biological function, gram-positive microorganisms

Structure type: oligomer
Location inside paper: Fig. 3a, B. subtilis, type I LTA
Trivial name: type I LTA
Compound class: lipoteichoic acid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130695,IEDB_137340,IEDB_141806,IEDB_141807,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151531,IEDB_1597446,IEDB_241118,IEDB_983931,SB_192

Comments, role: review

NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 1423
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

[1*]OCC(CO[C@H]1O[C@H](CO[C@@H]2O[C@H](COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3NC(C)=O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3NC(C)=O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3NC(C)=O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3NC(C)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)O[1*]

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

R1 = LIP