Taxonomic group: bacteria / Proteobacteria
(Phylum: Proteobacteria)
Associated disease: infection due to Escherichia coli [ICD11:
XN6P4 
]
NCBI PubMed ID: 11864841Journal NLM ID: 100966032Publisher: Oxford, UK: Elsevier
Correspondence: j.vandermeer
aig.azn.nl
Institutions: Dept of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University Medical Center St Radboud, Geert Grooteplein 8, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers the activation of the immune system through the induction of cytokine release. Although it was assumed initially that LPS molecules from different bacteria are similar, recent evidence suggests that structural and functional differences between LPS species are the rule rather than the exception. It has been proposed that the shape of the lipid A component determines the bioactivity of LPS, with lipid A that adopts a conical conformation being more active than lipid A that adopts a cylindrical shape. The mechanism linking the molecular conformation with the biological activity of LPS has not been elucidated. We propose that LPS with a conical shape (e.g. from Escherichia coli) induces cytokine production through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), whereas more cylindrical LPS (e.g. from Porphyromonas gingivalis) induces expression of a different set of cytokines through TLR2. Strictly cylindrical LPS molecules (e.g. the lipid A precursor Ia or from Rhodobacter sphaeroides) have antagonistic properties at the level of TLRs.
Lipopolysaccharide, conformation, Escherichia coli, lipid A, biological activity, Molecular Conformation, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, cytokine
Structure type: oligomer
Location inside paper: p.136, fig.1, E. coli
Trivial name: lipid IVA
Compound class: LOS, lipid A, glycolipid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135394,IEDB_135515,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_176772,IEDB_534864
Comments, role: Opinion article;
Related record ID(s): 31303, 31304, 31305, 31306
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 562Reference(s) to other database(s): GlycomeDB:
7396
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Found 
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