Taxonomic group: fungi /
Organ / tissue: cell wall
 
NCBI PubMed ID: 34217291
Publication DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01616-0
Journal NLM ID: 101139812
Publisher: London: BioMed Central
Correspondence: Ribas JC <ribasusal.es>; Cortés JCG <cortesusal.es>
Institutions: Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica Zacarías González, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

Background: The fungal cell wall is an essential and robust external structure that protects the cell from the environment. It is mainly composed of polysaccharides with different functions, some of which are necessary for cell integrity. Thus, the process of fractionation and analysis of cell wall polysaccharides is useful for studying the function and relevance of each polysaccharide, as well as for developing a variety of practical and commercial applications. This method can be used to study the mechanisms that regulate cell morphogenesis and integrity, giving rise to information that could be applied in the design of new antifungal drugs. Nonetheless, for this method to be reliable, the availability of trustworthy commercial recombinant cell wall degrading enzymes with non-contaminating activities is vital. Results: Here we examined the efficiency and reproducibility of 12 recombinant endo-β(1,3)-D-glucanases for specifically degrading the cell wall β(1,3)-D-glucan by using a fast and reliable protocol of fractionation and analysis of the fission yeast cell wall. This protocol combines enzymatic and chemical degradation to fractionate the cell wall into the four main polymers: galactomannoproteins, α-glucan, β(1,3)-D-glucan and β(1,6)-D-glucan. We found that the GH16 endo-β(1,3)-D-glucanase PfLam16A from Pyrococcus furiosus was able to completely and reproducibly degrade β(1,3)-D-glucan without causing the release of other polymers. The cell wall degradation caused by PfLam16A was similar to that of Quantazyme, a recombinant endo-β(1,3)-D-glucanase no longer commercially available. Moreover, other recombinant β(1,3)-D-glucanases caused either incomplete or excessive degradation, suggesting deficient access to the substrate or release of other polysaccharides. Conclusions: The discovery of a reliable and efficient recombinant endo-β(1,3)-D-glucanase, capable of replacing the previously mentioned enzyme, will be useful for carrying out studies requiring the digestion of the fungal cell wall β(1,3)-D-glucan. This new commercial endo-β(1,3)-D-glucanase will allow the study of the cell wall composition under different conditions, along the cell cycle, in response to environmental changes or in cell wall mutants. Furthermore, this enzyme will also be greatly valuable for other practical and commercial applications such as genome research, chromosomes extraction, cell transformation, protoplast formation, cell fusion, cell disruption, industrial processes and studies of new antifungals that specifically target cell wall synthesis.

cell wall, fungi, β(1, fission yeast, 3)-D-glucan, recombinant endo-β(1, 3)-D-glucanase

Structure type: homopolymer
Location inside paper: Fig. 2
Trivial name: glucan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, curdlan-type polysaccharide 13140, paramylon, curdlan, laminarin, β-glucan, curdlan, β-(1,3)-glucan, β-(1,3)-glucan, curdlan, curdlan, β-1,3-glucan, paramylon, reserve polysaccharide, b-glucan, β-1,3-D-glucan, laminaran, botryosphaeran, laminaran type β-D-glucan, latiglucan I, pachymaran, Curdlan, zymosan A, β-glucan, curdlan, laminarin, zymosan, zymosan, glucan particles, zymosan, β-(1-3)-glucan, β-(1,3)-glucan, β-(1,3)glucan, pachymaran, D-glucan (DPn)540, pachyman, laminaran, curdlan, zymosan, zymosan, β-(1,3)-glucan, zymosan A, zymosan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, pachyman, β-(1,3)-glucan, curdlan, callose, a water-insoluble β-(1→3)-glucan, fermentum β-polysaccharide, water-insoluble glucan, alkali-soluble β-glucan (PeA3), alkali-soluble polysaccharide (PCAP), callose, laminarin
Compound class: EPS, O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, lipophosphoglycan, glycoprotein, LPG, glucan, polysaccharide, glycoside, β-glucan, β3-glucan, cell wall glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1397514,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_158555,IEDB_161166,IEDB_2278476,IEDB_2278477,IEDB_558869,IEDB_857743,IEDB_983931,SB_192
 
Methods: enzymatic degradation, radiolabeling, radioactivity measurement, cell growth, centrifugation, optical density measurement, Fehling treatment
Enzymes that release or process the structure: endo-β(1,3)-D-glucanase
 
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 4751
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G51056AN, GlycomeDB:157, CCSD:50049, CBank-STR:4225, CA-RN: 51052-65-4, GenDB:FJ3380871.1
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