Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota
(Phylum: Ascomycota)
Organ / tissue: cell wallAssociated disease: pneumonia [ICD11:
CA40 
]
The structure was elucidated in this paperNCBI PubMed ID: 26519534Publication DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500559Journal NLM ID: 2985117RPublisher: Bethesda, MD: American Association of Immunologists
Correspondence: carmona.eva
mayo.edu
Institutions: Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, USA, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, USA
B lymphocytes play an essential regulatory role in the adaptive immune response through Ab production during infection. A less known function of B lymphocytes is their ability to respond directly to infectious Ags through stimulation of pattern recognition receptors expressed on their surfaces. β-Glucans are carbohydrates present in the cell wall of many pathogenic fungi that can be detected in the peripheral blood of patients during infection. They have been shown to participate in the innate inflammatory response, as they can directly activate peripheral macrophages and dendritic cells. However, their effect as direct stimulators of B lymphocytes has not been yet fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine the molecular mechanisms and cytokine profiles generated following β-glucan stimulation of B lymphocytes, compared with the well-established TLR-9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG), and study the participation of β-glucan-stimulated B cells in the innate immune response. In this article, we demonstrate that β-glucan-activated B lymphocytes upregulate proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8). Of interest, β-glucan, unlike CpG, had no effect on B lymphocyte proliferation or IgM production. When compared with CpG (TLR9 agonist), β-glucan-activated cells secreted significantly higher levels of IL-8. Furthermore, IL-8 secretion was partially mediated by Dectin-1 and required SYK, MAPKs, and the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. Moreover, we observed that conditioned media from β-glucan-stimulated B lymphocytes elicited neutrophil chemotaxis. These studies suggest that β-glucan-activated B lymphocytes have an important and novel role in fungal innate immune responses.
cytokines, glucan, inflammatory responses
Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Location inside paper: p. 5318, column 2, paragraph 3
Trivial name: pachyman, sparan, polycan
Compound class: EPS, cell wall polysaccharide, glucan, polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1397514,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_158555,IEDB_161166,IEDB_161167,IEDB_2278476,IEDB_2278477,IEDB_241101,IEDB_558869,IEDB_857743,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Biological activity: induces the secretion of proflammatory cytokines(Il-8, Il-8, TNF-a) by human B lymphocytes; decreases the expression of Dectin-1
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 5052,
4753Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G83138WS
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
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