Taxonomic group: fungi, fungi, fungi, fungi, fungi, fungi, fungi, bacteria / Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Basidiomycota, Basidiomycota, Basidiomycota, Basidiomycota, Basidiomycota, Proteobacteria
(Phylum: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Basidiomycota, Basidiomycota, Basidiomycota, Basidiomycota, Basidiomycota, Proteobacteria)
Organ / tissue: cell wall
NCBI PubMed ID: 26252967Publication DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6849-xJournal NLM ID: 8406612Publisher: Springer
Correspondence: Gern RM <regina.maria
univille.net>
Institutions: Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville, UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo—INCT do Bioetanol, Brazil
Biological activities of medicinal mushrooms have been attributed to β-(1→3),(1→6)-glucans that are present in the cell wall of fungi and some plants. Antitumor, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antinociception, antiinflammatory, prebiotic, antioxidant, and antidiabetic are some of different properties already described for β-(1→3),(1→6)-glucans. Immune activation systems, including specific β-glucan receptors like Dectin-1, complement (CR3), and Toll (TLR), have been identified to clarify these biological effects. The β-(1→3)-glucans are synthesized by β-(1→3)-glucan synthase (GLS), an enzyme belonging to the glucosyltransferase group, which has a catalytic unit (FKS) and another regulatory (RHO). The mechanisms for adding β-(1→6) branches to the non-reducing ends of the β-(1→3)-glucan chains are unclear until now. Due to the biological importance of β-(1→3),(1→6)-glucan, it is necessary to understand the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of its synthesis, both to optimize the production of bioactive compounds and to develop antifungal drugs that interrupt this process. Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather information about the potential of β-(1→3),(1→6)-glucans, their methods of isolation, purification, and chemical characterization, as well as how these biomolecules are synthesized by fungi and what studies involving biotechnology or molecular biology have contributed to this subject.
characterization, biotechnology, molecular biology, β-(1→3), (1→6)-glucans, β-(1→3)-glucan synthase, medicinal activities
Structure type: homopolymer
Location inside paper: p. 7896, column 1, paragraph 2
Trivial name: glucan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, curdlan-type polysaccharide 13140, paramylon, curdlan, laminarin, β-glucan, curdlan, β-(1,3)-glucan, β-(1,3)-glucan, curdlan, curdlan, β-1,3-glucan, paramylon, reserve polysaccharide, b-glucan, β-1,3-D-glucan, laminaran, botryosphaeran, laminaran type β-D-glucan, latiglucan I, pachymaran, Curdlan, zymosan A, β-glucan, curdlan, laminarin, zymosan, zymosan, glucan particles, zymosan, β-(1-3)-glucan, β-(1,3)-glucan, β-(1,3)glucan, pachymaran, D-glucan (DPn)540, pachyman, laminaran, curdlan, zymosan, zymosan, β-(1,3)-glucan, zymosan A, zymosan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, pachyman, β-(1,3)-glucan, curdlan, callose, a water-insoluble β-(1→3)-glucan, fermentum β-polysaccharide, water-insoluble glucan, alkali-soluble β-glucan (PeA3), alkali-soluble polysaccharide (PCAP), callose, laminarin
Compound class: EPS, O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, lipophosphoglycan, glycoprotein, LPG, glucan, polysaccharide, glycoside, β-glucan, β3-glucan, cell wall glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1397514,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_158555,IEDB_161166,IEDB_2278476,IEDB_2278477,IEDB_558869,IEDB_857743,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: NMR, X-ray, GPC, extraction, DEAE, CC, dialysis, HPGPC, precipitation, Congo Red assay, centrifugation, AFM, size exclustion chromatography
Biological activity: improves condition of patients with venous ulcer, promote direct production of granulocyte macrophage colony-xtimulation factor, resulting in Dectin-1/Syk activation in resident macrophages; recongnised by TLRs that activate nuclear transcription factor κB to produce inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12, THF-α; Recognised by Dectin-1 stimulating phagocytosis in macrophages, increasing the production of reactive oygen species(ROS)
Comments, role: review
Related record ID(s): 42469, 42471, 42472, 42474, 42475, 42476, 42477, 42478, 42479, 42480, 42481
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 4932,
50053,
171347,
81056,
5315,
139825,
5322,
511Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G51056AN, GlycomeDB:
157, CCSD:
50049, CBank-STR:4225, CA-RN: 51052-65-4, GenDB:FJ3380871.1
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Found 
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