Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota
(Phylum: Ascomycota)
NCBI PubMed ID: 27185116Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.044Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Xu M <uxj
whu.edu.cn>
Institutions: College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Physics Department & The Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Optics and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
Yeast β-glucan has many formulations with different chemical structures, water solubility and purity. In particular, the purity of β-glucan in these formulations is variable and relatively low, contributing to different data on its biological activity. In this study, the major polysaccharide component in the crude Baker's yeast polysaccharides coded as BBG with high purity of 99% was obtained, and its chemical structure was determined to be a linear β-(1,3)-glucan. It was found that BBG interacted with complement receptor 3 (CR3) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on the surface of macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells, and initiated activation of RAW264.7 cells characterized by significant production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). Additionally, activation of the nuclear factor kappaB p65 (NF-κB p65), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) induced by BBG, were also observed, further confirming the stimulation of RAW264.7 cells by BBG. All these findings provided important scientific evidences for better understanding the molecular mechanism of action for the linear β-(1,3)-glucan in cells.
chemical structure, interaction, receptor, yeast β-glucan, activation of microphage-like cells
Structure type: homopolymer ; 38000
Location inside paper: BBG, fig. 1, Table 1
Compound class: glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1397514,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_158555,IEDB_161166,IEDB_2278476,IEDB_2278477,IEDB_558869,IEDB_857743,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: 13C NMR, GC, Western blotting, viscosity measurement, acetylation, statistical analysis, confocal microscopy, phenol-sulfuric acid assay, TFA hydrolysis
Biological activity: BBG glucan stimulated murine macrophage/monocyte-like RAW264.7 cells to produce proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α (affects tumor necrosis factor-α) and MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), indicative of activation of RAW264.7 cells by BBG. The activation of RAW264.7 cells by BBG was attributed to the interaction between BBG and the receptors on the surface of cells. BBG was first interacted with both CR3 (complement receptor 3) and TLR2 (toll-like receptor 2) receptors on the cell membrane, and then induced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 (nuclear factor κB p65) and phosphorylation of JNK1/2 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) to produce cytokines of TNF-α and MCP-1 (see Fig. 6).
Comments, role: commercial product (75% purity crude polysaccharide) was used as starting material; viscosity-average molecular weight (Mη) of BBG was roughly estimated to be ~3.8*10^4 Da
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 4932Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G51056AN
Show glycosyltransferases
NMR conditions: in DMSO-d6 at 298(C) K
[as TSV]
13C NMR data:
Linkage Residue C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
bDGlcp 103.5 73.3 86.7 68.9 76.8 61.3
1H NMR data:
missing...
13C NMR data:
| Linkage | Residue | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 |
|---|
| | bDGlcp | 103.5 | 73.3 | 86.7 | 68.9 | 76.8 | 61.3 |
|
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Found 
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