Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota
(Phylum: Ascomycota)
NCBI PubMed ID: 21185904Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.036Journal NLM ID: 8207483Publisher: Elsevier, for BIBRA
Correspondence: rychiou
mail.ncyu.edu.tw
Institutions: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Toxicological and immunomodulatory activities of botryosphaeran (BR), a newly emerged β-glucan that comprises a β-(1→3) backbone and β-(1→6) branched glucose residues were assessed. BR was 1820000 Da (M.W.) estimated by reversely-linear equation constructed by regression of logarithms of standard polysaccharides and their retention times of gel permeation chromatography. Sprague-Dawley rats were daily gavage-administered with BR at doses of 0, 1.25, 12.5, and 125 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 28 d. Serum hematological and biochemical analysis of all treatment were all within normal ranges. Mitogen-stimulated lymphoblastogenesis of spleno-lymphocytes was enhanced by BR at doses of 1.25 and 12.5 mg/kg BW. Through in vitro comparative assessments, RAW 264.7 macrophage (RAW) cells were treated with BR and two commercial β-glucans, zymosan (ZY) and barley β-glucan (GB), to characterize their relative immunomodulatory properties. All three β-glucans stimulated phagocytosis on fluorescence-labeled Escherichia coli. At dose levels from 5 to 200 μg/mL for 24h, nitric oxide produced by BR- and ZY-treated cells were higher than those produced by GB-treated and control groups. BR, ZY but GB also stimulated RAW cells in producing TNF-α. The results demonstrate that BR is toxicologically accepted and features as a potent immunomodulator.
gel permeation chromatography, β-glucan, immunomodulation, nitric oxide, Botryosphaeran, Sprague-Dawley rat
Structure type: fragment of a bigger structure ; 1820000
Location inside paper: abstract, p.910, BR
Trivial name: botryosphaeran
Compound class: EPS, glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1397514,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_158555,IEDB_161166,IEDB_2278476,IEDB_2278477,IEDB_558869,IEDB_857743,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: biological assays, GPC, extraction, SEC, CC
Biological activity: stimulates lymphoblastogenesis possibly via co-stimulatory signals from phagocytic cells and antigen presenting cells (oral dose is between 1.25 and 12.5 mg/kg); enhances phagocytotic activities of RAW 264.7 cells; induces increased levels of iNOS mRNA expression; stimulates TNF-a production of more than 500 pg/mL within 6 h at concentrations of 10 μg/mL
Comments, role: main chain; -6)bDGlcp(1- as side chain
Related record ID(s): 43666
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 45133Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G51056AN
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There is only one chemically distinct structure:
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(later renamed to: Lasiodiplodia theobromae RCYU 30101)