Taxonomic group: bacteria / Proteobacteria
(Phylum: Proteobacteria)
Associated disease: infection due to Escherichia coli [ICD11:
XN6P4 
]
NCBI PubMed ID: 20018942Publication DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp201Journal NLM ID: 9104124Publisher: IRL Press at Oxford University Press
Correspondence: molinaro
unina.it
Institutions: Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Biology & Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Japan, BIOMERIT Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading microorganisms in vertebrates and the only line of defense in invertebrates and plants. Bacterial glyco-conjugates, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and peptidoglycan (PGN) from the cell walls of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungal and oomycete glycoconjugates such as oligosaccharides derived from the cell wall components β-glucan, chitin and chitosan, have been found to act as elicitors of plant innate immunity. These conserved indispensable microbe-specific molecules are also referred to as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Other glyco-conjugates such as bacterial extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and cyclic glucan have been shown to suppress innate immune responses, thus conversely promoting pathogenesis. MAMPs are recognized by the plant innate immune system though the action of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). A greater insight into the mechanisms of MAMP recognition and the description of PRRs for different microbial glyco-conjugates will have considerable impact on the improvement of plant health and disease resistance. Here we review the current knowledge about the bacterial MAMPs LPS and PGN, the fungal MAMPs β-glucan, chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides and the bacterial suppressors EPS and cyclic glucan, with particular reference to the chemical structures of these molecules, the PRRs involved in their recognition (where these have been defined), and possible mechanisms underlying suppression.
Lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, Glycomics, MAMPs, plant innate immunity
Structure type: oligomer
Location inside paper: Fig.2, lipid A
Compound class: LPS, lipid A, glycolipid, phosphoglycolipid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135394,IEDB_135515,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_176772,IEDB_534864
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 562
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Found 
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