Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota (Phylum: Ascomycota)
 
The structure was elucidated in this paper
NCBI PubMed ID: 25096878
Publication DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01333-14
Journal NLM ID: 101519231
Publisher: Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology
Correspondence: Andes DR <dramedicine.wisc.edu>
Institutions: Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, Dairy Forage Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, USA, Universitat Institute for Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany, DECODON GmbH, BioTechnikum Greifswald, Germany, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale at Interactions sur le Vivant, Calais, France, Department of Food Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA

Virulence of Candida is linked with its ability to form biofilms. Once established, biofilm infections are nearly impossible to eradicate. Biofilm cells live immersed in a self-produced matrix, a blend of extracellular biopolymers, many of which are uncharacterized. In this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the matrix manufactured by Candida albicans both in vitro and in a clinical niche animal model. We further explore the function of matrix components, including the impact on drug resistance. We uncovered components from each of the macromolecular classes (55% protein, 25% carbohydrate, 15% lipid, and 5% nucleic acid) in the C. albicans biofilm matrix. Three individual polysaccharides were identified and were suggested to interact physically. Surprisingly, a previously identified polysaccharide of functional importance, β-1,3-glucan, comprised only a small portion of the total matrix carbohydrate. Newly described, more abundant polysaccharides included α-1,2 branched α-1,6-mannans (87%) associated with unbranched β-1,6-glucans (13%) in an apparent mannan-glucan complex (MGCx). Functional matrix proteomic analysis revealed 458 distinct activities. The matrix lipids consisted of neutral glycerolipids (89.1%), polar glycerolipids (10.4%), and sphingolipids (0.5%). Examination of matrix nucleic acid identified DNA, primarily noncoding sequences. Several of the in vitro matrix components, including proteins and each of the polysaccharides, were also present in the matrix of a clinically relevant in vivo biofilm. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis demonstrated interaction of aggregate matrix with the antifungal fluconazole, consistent with a role in drug impedance and contribution of multiple matrix components. Importance: This report is the first to decipher the complex and unique macromolecular composition of the Candida biofilm matrix, demonstrate the clinical relevance of matrix components, and show that multiple matrix components are needed for protection from antifungal drugs. The availability of these biochemical analyses provides a unique resource for further functional investigation of the biofilm matrix, a defining trait of this lifestyle.

mannan, glucan

Structure type: homopolymer
Location inside paper: fig.3 (F)
Trivial name: pustulan, β-1,6-glucan, β-1,6-D-glucan, β(1-6)-D-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, pustulan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, β-(1,6)-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, pustulan, β-1,6-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, pustulan, β-(1→6)-glucan PCPS, water-soluble glucan (PS-I)
Compound class: EPS, O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, glycoprotein, glucan, polysaccharide, cell wall glucoprotein
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135614,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_241101,IEDB_983931,SB_192
 
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, GC-MS, GC, electron microscopy, HPSEC, extraction, antibody binding, confocal microscopy, HPGPC, biological assay, phenol-sulfuric acid assay, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
Comments, role: D-configuration and pyranose ringsize were supposed by CSDB stuff; 13.4% in C. albicans biofilm matrix
 
Related record ID(s): 46622, 46623, 46625
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 5476
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G26777BZ, GlycomeDB:863, CCSD:50854, CBank-STR:4234
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