Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota
(Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: fruiting body
The structure was elucidated in this paperNCBI PubMed ID: 30011685Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.075Journal NLM ID: 9210143Publisher: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: CIFST, Elsevier Applied Science
Correspondence: van Griensven LJLD <leo.vangriensven
wur.nl>
Institutions: Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands, Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Department for Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Polysaccharides of the European strain of A. brasiliensis were obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation (HWPE I) of fruiting bodies, and further purified by dialysis (HWPE II) and pronase incubation (PPE). These polysaccharides consisted mainly of (1→6)-β-D-glucans. PPE was free of proteins and polyphenols as demonstrated by quantitative assays and NMR profiling. They showed a clear IFN-γ inducing activity in human PBMCs, which suggests these polysaccharides to have proinflammatory effects. Treatment by β-glucosidase caused the polysaccharides to be degraded into smaller fragments and at the same time increased their IFN-γ inducing activity in PBMCs fourfold. In vitro, PPE showed a dose-dependent inhibition of the proliferation of the human leukemia Jurkat cell. At 100μg/mL the cells' viability was decreased by appr. 51% compared to the control. EPR spin trapping demonstrated a high antioxidative activity against •OH and •O2- radicals of HWPE I and PPE. Further, the results of the antioxidant assays indicated that antioxidant activity against •OH radicals in the Fenton system was achieved through scavenging or through chelating iron mechanisms. The good immunomodulating and antioxidative properties of A. brasiliensis polysaccharide extract obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation make it suitable for everyday use as an inexpensive dietary supplement.
immunomodulation, Antioxidant activity, A. brasiliensis, EPR spin trapping, polysaccharide extracts
Structure type: homopolymer
Location inside paper: HWPE I, PPE, HWPE II, Table 2, sec. ''NMR spectroscopy'', ''Conclusion''
Trivial name: pustulan, β-1,6-glucan, β-1,6-D-glucan, β(1-6)-D-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, pustulan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, β-(1,6)-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, pustulan, β-1,6-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, pustulan, β-(1→6)-glucan PCPS, water-soluble glucan (PS-I)
Compound class: EPS, O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, glycoprotein, glucan, polysaccharide, cell wall glucoprotein
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135614,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_241101,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, GC-MS, GC, HPLC, HPSEC, enzymatic digestion, FPLC, acetylation, statistical analysis, methylation analysis, reduction with NaBH4, dialysis, phenol-sulfuric acid assay, COSY, HSQC, DEPT-135, FT-IR
Biological activity: In vitro, PPE showed a dose-dependent inhibition of the proliferation of the human leukemia Jurkat cells. At 100 μg/mL the cells’ viability was decreased by appr. 51% compared to the control. EPR spin trapping demonstrated a high antioxidative activity against •OH and •O2− radicals of HWPEI and PPE. Further, the results of the antioxidant assays indicated that antioxidant activity against •OH radicals in the Fenton system was achieved through scavenging or through chelating iron mechanisms.
Comments, role: linear (1→6)-β-D-glucan comprises 58.8% of HWPE I and 62.5%–66.7% of PPE basing on NMR data; NMR data was obtained at 298 and 323 K; the published 13C NMR spectrum (referenced to DSS at 0) was shifted 1.6 ppm upfield by CSDB staff to accord to a TMS reference
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 307931Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G26777BZ, GlycomeDB:
863, CCSD:
50854, CBank-STR:4234
Show glycosyltransferases
NMR conditions: in D2O / DSS at 323 K
[as TSV]
13C NMR data:
Linkage Residue C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
bDGlcp 104.03 74.17 76.77 70.74 76.02 69.98
1H NMR data:
Linkage Residue H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6
bDGlcp 4.52 3.32 3.5 3.46 3.64 3.85-4.22
1H/13C HSQC data:
Linkage Residue C1/H1 C2/H2 C3/H3 C4/H4 C5/H5 C6/H6
bDGlcp 104.03/4.52 74.17/3.32 76.77/3.5 70.74/3.46 76.02/3.64 69.98/3.85-4.22
1H NMR data:
| Linkage | Residue | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 |
|---|
| | bDGlcp | 4.52 | 3.32 | 3.5 | 3.46 | 3.64 | 3.85
4.22 |
|
13C NMR data:
| Linkage | Residue | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 |
|---|
| | bDGlcp | 104.03 | 74.17 | 76.77 | 70.74 | 76.02 | 69.98 |
|
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
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