Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota
(Phylum: Ascomycota)
Organ / tissue: cell wall
NCBI PubMed ID: 26571499Publication DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143163Journal NLM ID: 101285081Publisher: San Francisco, CA: Public Library of Science
Correspondence: Sebastian.Weiterer
med.uni-Heidelberg.de
Institutions: Department of Anaesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany, Excellencecluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), German Lung Center (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Vincentius-Clinic, Karlsruhe, Germany
Ciliary beating by respiratory epithelial cells continuously purges pathogens from the lower airways. Here we investigated the effect of the fungal cell wall polysaccharides Galactomannan (GM) and Zymosan (Zym) on the adrenergic activated particle transport velocity (PTV) of tracheal epithelium. Experiments were performed using tracheae isolated from male C57BL/6J mice. Transport velocity of the cilia bearing epithelial cells was measured by analysing recorded image sequences. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined using Amplex Red reagents. PCR experiments were performed on isolated tracheal epithelium to identify adrenergic receptor mRNA. The adrenergic receptors α1D, α2A, β1 and β2 have been identified in isolated tracheal epithelium. We found epinephrine responsible for an increase in PTV, which could only be reduced by selective β-receptor-inhibition. In addition, either GM or Zym prevented the epinephrine induced PTV increase. Furthermore, we observed a strong ROS generation evoked by GM or Zym. However, epinephrine induced increase in PTV recovered in the presence of GM and Zym after application of ROS scavengers. Both GM or Zym trigger reversible ROS generation in tracheal tissue leading to inhibition of the β-adrenergic increase in PTV
Galactomannan, zymozan, β-receptor-inhibition, reversible ROS generation
Structure type: homopolymer
Location inside paper: abstract
Trivial name: glucan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, curdlan-type polysaccharide 13140, paramylon, curdlan, laminarin, β-glucan, curdlan, β-(1,3)-glucan, β-(1,3)-glucan, curdlan, curdlan, β-1,3-glucan, paramylon, reserve polysaccharide, b-glucan, β-1,3-D-glucan, laminaran, botryosphaeran, laminaran type β-D-glucan, latiglucan I, pachymaran, Curdlan, zymosan A, β-glucan, curdlan, laminarin, zymosan, zymosan, glucan particles, zymosan, β-(1-3)-glucan, β-(1,3)-glucan, β-(1,3)glucan, pachymaran, D-glucan (DPn)540, pachyman, laminaran, curdlan, zymosan, zymosan, β-(1,3)-glucan, zymosan A, zymosan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, pachyman, β-(1,3)-glucan, curdlan, callose, a water-insoluble β-(1→3)-glucan, fermentum β-polysaccharide, water-insoluble glucan, alkali-soluble β-glucan (PeA3), alkali-soluble polysaccharide (PCAP), callose, laminarin
Compound class: EPS, O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, lipophosphoglycan, glycoprotein, LPG, glucan, polysaccharide, glycoside, β-glucan, β3-glucan, cell wall glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1397514,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_158555,IEDB_161166,IEDB_2278476,IEDB_2278477,IEDB_558869,IEDB_857743,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: biological assays, RT-PCR, RNA extraction, staining, fluorescence detection
Biological activity: zymozan induces ROS generation by activation of NADPH oxidases in different organs as well as in lungs resulting in altered cell functions or signal cascades. Zymozan applied onto tracheae leads to generation of high levels of ROS concentrations as a function of time. The physiological Epi induced activation of PTV is inhibited by endogenous ROS generated under the influence of zymozan that oxidize and inactivate Epi in a concentration dependent manner
Related record ID(s): 3459, 42138, 42290, 42294, 43554, 47304, 47707, 48305, 48371, 48410, 48411, 49256, 49257, 49258, 49266, 49282, 49290, 102752
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 4932Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G51056AN, GlycomeDB:
157, CCSD:
50049, CBank-STR:4225, CA-RN: 51052-65-4, GenDB:FJ3380871.1
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There is only one chemically distinct structure:
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