Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota
(Phylum: Ascomycota)
The structure was elucidated in this paperNCBI PubMed ID: 29236232Publication DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-1000-xJournal NLM ID: 0372625Publisher: Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic
Correspondence: Menolli RA <rafael.menolli
unioeste.br>
Institutions: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil., Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe e Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu, Curitiba, Brazil
Paecilomyces variotii is a filamentous fungus that occurs worldwide in soil and decaying vegetation. Optimization of the fermentation process for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS were performed. Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation. Preliminary investigations to choose the three factors for the present work were made using a factorial experimental design. Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. The three parameters presented significant effects. In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1→6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. This polysaccharide is a very unusual as an EPS from fungi, especially a filamentous fungus such as P. variotii. Murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with β-glucan for 6 and 48 h showed an increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide release with increased polysaccharide concentrations. Therefore, we conclude that the β-(1→6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation has an immune-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages.
β-glucan, polysaccharides secreted, filamentous fungus, immunoactivity, optimisation
Structure type: homopolymer ; 32900
Location inside paper: Abstract, PFPV, fig. 3
Compound class: EPS, glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135614,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_241101,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, GC-MS, ELISA, HPSEC, acetylation, statistical analysis, dialysis, determination of NO production, cytotoxicity assay, phenol-sulfuric acid assay, centrifugation, HSQC, filtration, Fehling treatment, TFA hydrolysis
Biological activity: significantly increases IL-6 and TNF-α production as well as NO production; a concentration of 100 μg ml−1 resulted in significant cytotoxicity, promoting nearly 30% cell death compared to the control group
Comments, role: NMR spectra are found on p. 988, column 1, paragraph 2
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 264951Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G26777BZ
Show glycosyltransferases
NMR conditions: in DMSO-d6 at 343 K
[as TSV]
13C NMR data:
Linkage Residue C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
bDGlcp 103.4 73.2-73.6 76.7 70.2 75.7 68.6
1H NMR data:
Linkage Residue H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6
bDGlcp 4.47 3.22 3.38 3.34 3.51 3.80-4.21
1H/13C HSQC data:
Linkage Residue C1/H1 C2/H2 C3/H3 C4/H4 C5/H5 C6/H6
bDGlcp 103.4/4.47 73.2-73.6/3.22 76.7/3.38 70.2/3.34 75.7/3.51 68.6/3.80-4.21
1H NMR data:
| Linkage | Residue | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 |
|---|
| | bDGlcp | 4.47 | 3.22 | 3.38 | 3.34 | 3.51 | 3.80
4.21 |
|
13C NMR data:
| Linkage | Residue | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 |
|---|
| | bDGlcp | 103.4 | 73.2
73.6 | 76.7 | 70.2 | 75.7 | 68.6 |
|
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Found 
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(later renamed to: Byssochlamys spectabilis IOC-4185)