Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota
(Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: fruiting bodies
NCBI PubMed ID: 35571333Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100321Journal NLM ID: 101751436Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Y. Xie <xieyz
gdim.cn>; Q. Wu <wuqp203
163.com>
Institutions: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
The chemical structure of GLP-1, a novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide purified Ganoderma leucocontextum fruiting bodies, has been characterized in our previous study. This study aimed to investigate the immunostimulatory activity of GLP-1 in vitro and in vivo by using RAW264.7 macrophages and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice model. Results showed that GLP-1 was able to enhance phagocytic activity and promote the production of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-?, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, GLP-1 could activate mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B, and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways through toll-like receptor 2 and dectin-1 receptors. Furthermore, GLP-1 increased the thymus index, serum immunoglobulin levels, and percentage of CD3+ T lymphocytes in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. These results demonstrated that GLP-1 possessed significant immunostimulatory effects in vivo and in vitro and could be developed as an effective immunomodulator for application in functional foods.
heteropolysaccharide, Immunostimulatory activity, Ganoderma leucocontextum, immunosuppressed mice, molecular mechanism
Structure type: fragment of a bigger structure ; 159700
Location inside paper: p. 100321-8
Trivial name: water-soluble heteropolysaccharide GLP-3
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_140629,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_420417,IEDB_420418,IEDB_420421,IEDB_857742,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: Western blotting, cytokine analysis, extraction, RT-PCR, statistical analysis, cell viability assay, phagocytosis assay, ROS measurement, animals and experimental protocol
Comments, role: the backbone of GLP-3
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 1566825
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
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