Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota
(Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Publication DOI: 10.1007/s11101-021-09748-2Journal NLM ID: 101198162Publisher: Dordrecht: Springer
Correspondence: M. L. Gargano <marialetizia.gargano
uniba.it>
Institutions: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, Bari, 70126, Italy, Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bld. 5, Palermo, 90128, Italy
The mushrooms have contributed to the development of active ingredients of fundamental importance in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry as well as of important tools in human and animal health, nutrition, and functional food. This review considers studies on the beneficial effects of medicinal mushrooms on the nutrition and health of humans and farm animals. An overview of the chemical structure and composition of mycochemicals is presented in this review with particular reference to phenolic compounds, triterpenoids and sterols, fatty acids and lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, peptides, and lectins. The nutritional value and chemical composition of wild and cultivated mushrooms in Italy is also the subject of this review which also deals with mushrooms as nutraceuticals and the use of mushrooms in functional foods. The nutraceutical benefits of UV irradiation of cultivated species of basidiomycetes to generate high amounts of vitamin D2 is also highlighted and the ability of the muhsrooms to inhibit glycation is analyzed. Finally, attention is paid to studies on bioactivities of some Italian wild and cultivated mushrooms with particular reference to species belonging to the genus Pleurotus. The review highlights the potential of medicinal mushrooms in the production of mycochemicals that represent a source of drugs, nutraceutical, and functional food. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
mushroom, chemical structures, cultivation, nutrition, fungal diversity, mycochemicals
Structure type: homopolymer
Location inside paper: p. 350, table 4, PCPS
Trivial name: pustulan, β-1,6-glucan, β-1,6-D-glucan, β(1-6)-D-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, pustulan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, β-(1,6)-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, pustulan, β-1,6-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, pustulan, β-(1→6)-glucan PCPS, water-soluble glucan (PS-I)
Compound class: EPS, O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, glycoprotein, glucan, polysaccharide, cell wall glucoprotein
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135614,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_241101,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Biological activity: PCPS possessing a proinflammatory effect on innate immune cells
Comments, role: review
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 5321Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G26777BZ, GlycomeDB:
863, CCSD:
50854, CBank-STR:4234
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Found 
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