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1. (Article ID: 5198)
 
Pallach M, Di Lorenzo F, Facchini FA, Gully D, Giraud E, Peri F, Duda KA, Molinaro A, Silipo A
Structure and inflammatory activity of the LPS isolated from Acetobacter pasteurianus CIP103108
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 119 (2018) 1027-1035
 

Acetobacter pasteurianus is an acetic acid-producing Gram-negative bacterium commonly found associated with plants and plant products and widely used in the production of fermented foods, such as kefir and vinegar. Due to the acid conditions of the bacterium living habitat, uncommon structural features composing its cell envelope are expected. In the present work we have investigated the A. pasteurianus CIP103108 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure and immunoactivity. The structure of the lipid A and of two different O-polysaccharides was assessed. Furthermore, immunological studies with human cells showed a low immunostimulant activity of the isolated LPS, in addition to a slight capability to lower the NF-kB activation upon stimulation by toxic LPS.

Gram-negative bacteria, innate immunity, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Acetobacter pasteurianus, MD2-TLR4

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2. (Article ID: 5722)
 
Ahmed HI, Ransom-Jones E, Sadiq S, Vitlic A, McLay N, Rojas MF, Ale EC, Binetti AG, Collett A, Humphreys PN, Laws AP
Structural characterisation of two medium molecular mass exopolysaccharides produced by the bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum Lf2
Carbohydrate Research 488 (2020) 107909
 

Under optimized conditions, the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum Lf2 secretes up to 2 gL-1 of a mixture of polysaccharides into the fermentation medium when grown on sucrose. Earlier studies had shown that the mixture is biologically active and work was undertaken to characterise the polysaccharides. Preparative size exclusion chromatography was used to separate a high molecular mass β-glucan (weight average mass of 1.23 × 106 gmol-1) from two medium molecular mass polysaccharides (weight average mass of 8.8 × 104 gmol-1). Under optimized growth conditions, the medium molecular mass polysaccharides accounted for more than 75% of the mixture by weight. Monomer, linkage analysis and NMR spectroscopy of the medium molecular mass polysaccharides, and material isolated after their Smith degradation, was used to identify the structure of the component polysaccharides. The mixture contains two novel polysaccharides. The first has a main chain of β-1,6-linked galactofuranoses which is non-stoichiometrically 2-O-glucosylated. The degree of substitution at the 2-position, with α-D-Glcp, depends on the fermentation conditions; under optimized conditions greater than 80% 2-O-α-D-glucosylation was observed. The second polysaccharide is a heteroglycan with four monosaccharides in the repeat unit: residual signals in the NMR suggest that the sample also contains trace amounts (<3%) of cell wall polysaccharides.

exopolysaccharide, probiotic, Lactobacillus fermentum, LAB

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3. (Article ID: 6107)
 
Marchetti R, Nieto Fabregat F, Pallach M, Gully D, Giraud E, Molinaro A, Duda KA, Silipo A
The Peculiar Structure of Acetobacter pasteurianus CIP103108 LPS Core Oligosaccharide
Chembiochem: a European Journal of Chemical Biology 22(1) (2021) 147-150
 

Acetobacter pasteurianus, a member of the Alphaproteobacteria, is an acetic acid-producing bacterium present on sugar-rich substrates such as such as fruits, flowers and vegetables and traditionally used in the production of fermented food. The preferred living habitat associated with acid conditions makes the structure of the bacterial cell wall interesting to study, due to expected uncommon features. We have used a combination of chemical, analytical and NMR spectroscopy approaches to define the complete structure of the core oligosaccharide from A. pasteurianus CIP103108 LPS. Interestingly, the core oligosaccharide displays a high concentration of negatively charged groups, structural features that might contribute to reinforcing the bacterial membrane.

Lipopolysaccharide, core oligosaccharide, NMR-spectroscopy, Acetobacter pasteurianus, Acetic acid bacteria

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