Taxonomic group: plant / Streptophyta
(Phylum: Streptophyta)
Publication DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0704680104Journal NLM ID: 7505876Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Institutions: Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-65 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan, Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, okyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-65 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan, Research Center for the Evolving Earth and Planets, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-65 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan, Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan, Department of Molecular Biomechanics, School of Life Science, Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
The biogenesis of thylakoid membranes, an indispensable event for the photoautotrophic growth of plants, requires a significant increase in the level of the unique thylakoid membrane lipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), which constitutes the bulk of membrane lipids in chloroplasts. The final step in MGDG biosynthesis occurs in the plastid envelope and is catalyzed by MGDG synthase. Here we report the identification and characterization of an Arabidopsis mutant showing a complete defect in MGDG synthase 1. The mutant seeds germinated as small albinos only in the presence of sucrose. The seedlings lacked galactolipids and had disrupted photosynthetic membranes, leading to the complete impairment of photosynthetic ability and photoautotrophic growth. Moreover, invagination of the inner envelope, which is not seen in mature WT chloroplasts, was observed in the mutant, supporting an old hypothesis that envelope invagination is a major event in early chloroplast biogenesis. In addition to the defective seedling phenotype, embryo development was arrested in the mutant, although seeds with impaired embryos could germinate heterotrophically. These results demonstrate the importance of galactolipids not only in photosynthetic growth but also in embryogenesis.
glycosyltransferase, thylakoid membrane, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase
Structure type: oligomer
Location inside paper: Figure 3
Trivial name: DGDG
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_134624,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_151528,IEDB_190606,IEDB_742248,SB_163,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88
Methods: biological assays, fluorescence microscopy, 2D-TLC, genetic manipulations
Enzymes that release or process the structure: UGT81A1
Comments, role: LIP is mixture of 16:0, 18:2, 18:3 aliphatic acids
Related record ID(s): 60937
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 3702
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There is only one chemically distinct structure:
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