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1. (Article ID: 682)
 
Haseley SR, Wilkinson SG
Structural studies of the putative O-specific polysaccharide of Acinetobacter baumannii O11
European Journal of Biochemistry 237 (1996) 266-271
 

A major polysaccharide containing D-galactose, D-glucose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose was obtained after mild acid hydrolysis of the water-soluble material released by treatment of cell walls from Acinetobacter baumannii strain O11 with hot, aqueous phenol. By means of NMR studies, Smith degradation and N-deacetylation/deamination, the repeating unit of the polymer was identified as a branched pentasaccharide of the structure shown. Also present was a minor polymer containing glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose-and 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactose, the structure of which was not elucidated. On serological testing, the polymeric material was shown to correspond to the O-antigenic moiety of the parent extract (assumed to be lipopolysaccharide) and circumstantial evidence indicated that O11 specificity was conferred by the major polymer. [formula: see text]

structure, O-antigen, Acinetobacter baumannii, O-specific polysaccharide, lipopolyysaccharide

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2. (Article ID: 4329)
 
Knirel YA
Structure of O-antigens
Book: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: Structure, chemical synthesis, biogenesis and interaction with host cells (2011) Chapter 3, 41-115
 

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Its lipid A moiety is embedded in the membrane and serves as an anchor for the rest of the LPS molecule. The outermost repetitive glycan region of the LPS is linked to the lipid A through a core oligosaccharide (OS), and is designated as the O-specific polysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, OPS) or O-antigen. The O-antigen is the most variable portion of the LPS and provides serological specificity, which is used for bacterial serotyping. The OPS also provides protection to the microorganisms from host defenses such as complement mediated killing and phagocytosis, and is involved in interactions of bacteria with plants and bacteriophages. Studies of the OPSs ranging from the elucidation of their chemical structures and conformations to their biological and physico-chemical properties help improving classification schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, these studies contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as well as provided information to develop novel vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

Lipopolysaccharide, synthesis, lipopolysaccharides, structure, Bacterial, host, O-antigen, O antigen, cell, O antigens, O-antigens, chemical, interaction, cells, PDF, chemical synthesis, biogenesis

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3. (Article ID: 4819)
 
Giguere D
Surface polysaccharides from Acinetobacter baumannii: Structures and syntheses
Carbohydrate Research 418 (2015) 29-43
 

The emergence of multidrug-resistance Acinetobacter baumannii requires novel approaches for prevention, treatment and diagnosis. The structures of surface polysaccharides from A. baumannii are valuable tools to understand pathogenesis, virulence and immunogenicity. The synthesis of bacterial mono- or polysaccharides may result in novel probes to become important therapeutic options in the fight against A. baumannii. This report exemplifies the relevance of glycochemistry for the development of new antibiotics.

lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, Acinetobacter, Acinetobacter baumannii, polysaccharide synthesis, surface polysaccharides

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4. (Article ID: 6475)
 
Timoshina OY, Kasimova AA, Shneider MM, Matyuta IO, Nikolaeva AY, Evseev PV, Arbatsky NP, Shashkov AS, Chizhov AO, Shelenkov AA, Mikhailova YV, Slukin PV, Volozhantsev NV, Boyko KM, Knirel YA, Miroshnikov KA, Popova AV
Friunavirus Phage-Encoded Depolymerases Specific to Different Capsular Types of Acinetobacter baumannii
International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24(10) (2023) 9100
 

Acinetobacter baumannii is a critical priority nosocomial pathogen that produces a variety of capsular polysaccharides (CPSs), the primary receptors for specific depolymerase-carrying phages. In this study, the tailspike depolymerases (TSDs) encoded in genomes of six novel Friunaviruses, APK09, APK14, APK16, APK86, APK127v, APK128, and one previously described Friunavirus phage, APK37.1, were characterized. For all TSDs, the mechanism of specific cleavage of corresponding A. baumannii capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) was established. The structures of oligosaccharide fragments derived from K9, K14, K16, K37/K3-v1, K86, K127, and K128 CPSs degradation by the recombinant depolymerases have been determined. The crystal structures of three of the studied TSDs were obtained. A significant reduction in mortality of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with A. baumannii of K9 capsular type was shown in the example of recombinant TSD APK09_gp48. The data obtained will provide a better understanding of the interaction of phage-bacterial host systems and will contribute to the formation of principles of rational usage of lytic phages and phage-derived enzymes as antibacterial agents.

Acinetobacter baumannii, capsular polysaccharide, crystal structure, bacteriophage, glycosidase, capsular type, tailspike depolymerase

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