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1. (Article ID: 683)
 
Haseley SR, Diggle HJ, Wilkinson SG
Structure of a surface polysaccharide from Acinetobacter baumannii O16
Carbohydrate Research 293 (1996) 259-265
 

Acinetobacter species are free-living, non-fermentative, Gram-negative bacteria, some of which have become important as opportunistic pathogens, often characterised by multiple drag resistance. Of the various genomospecies currently recognised, Acinetobacter baumannii is the one most commonly associated with nosocomial colonisation and infection, and many typing methods have been evaluated for the epidemiological monitoring of clinical isolates. Typing of strains by their heat-stable antigens [assumed to be the O-specific side-chains of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] has not been used extensively, but 34 O serogroups have been recognised. During the course of a systematic study of the surface polysaccharides of A. baumannii, we have confirmed the presence of O-specific polymers in LPS extracts from the reference strain for serogroups O2, O5, O10, and O11, as well as strain 214 (a clinical isolate). In each case the polymer had a branched, oligosaccharide repeating-unit incorporating at least one amino sugar residue, features also found in polymers isolated from other O serogroups. Here we report the structure of the O16 polymer, which probably also occurs as a minor polysaccharide in O11 reference strain.

Lipopolysaccharide, structure, Acinetobacter baumannii, surface polysaccharide, O16 O-antigen

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2. (Article ID: 4329)
 
Knirel YA
Structure of O-antigens
Book: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: Structure, chemical synthesis, biogenesis and interaction with host cells (2011) Chapter 3, 41-115
 

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Its lipid A moiety is embedded in the membrane and serves as an anchor for the rest of the LPS molecule. The outermost repetitive glycan region of the LPS is linked to the lipid A through a core oligosaccharide (OS), and is designated as the O-specific polysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, OPS) or O-antigen. The O-antigen is the most variable portion of the LPS and provides serological specificity, which is used for bacterial serotyping. The OPS also provides protection to the microorganisms from host defenses such as complement mediated killing and phagocytosis, and is involved in interactions of bacteria with plants and bacteriophages. Studies of the OPSs ranging from the elucidation of their chemical structures and conformations to their biological and physico-chemical properties help improving classification schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, these studies contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as well as provided information to develop novel vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

Lipopolysaccharide, synthesis, lipopolysaccharides, structure, Bacterial, host, O-antigen, O antigen, cell, O antigens, O-antigens, chemical, interaction, cells, PDF, chemical synthesis, biogenesis

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3. (Article ID: 4819)
 
Giguere D
Surface polysaccharides from Acinetobacter baumannii: Structures and syntheses
Carbohydrate Research 418 (2015) 29-43
 

The emergence of multidrug-resistance Acinetobacter baumannii requires novel approaches for prevention, treatment and diagnosis. The structures of surface polysaccharides from A. baumannii are valuable tools to understand pathogenesis, virulence and immunogenicity. The synthesis of bacterial mono- or polysaccharides may result in novel probes to become important therapeutic options in the fight against A. baumannii. This report exemplifies the relevance of glycochemistry for the development of new antibiotics.

lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, Acinetobacter, Acinetobacter baumannii, polysaccharide synthesis, surface polysaccharides

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