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Taxonomic group: protista / Euglenozoa (Phylum: Euglenozoa)
Host organism: Cavia porcellus
Organ / tissue: Life stage: procyclic promastigote
Associated disease: infection due to Leishmania [ICD11: XN8JE

]; mucocutaneous leishmaniasis [ICD11: 1F54.2

, ICD11: XN8JE

]

The structure was elucidated in this paper
NCBI PubMed ID: 25595203
Publication DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0633-8
Journal NLM ID: 101462774
Publisher: London: BioMed Central
Correspondence: rsoares

cpqrr.fiocruz.br
Institutions: Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Diadema, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazi, Laboratório de Biologia de Leishmania, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazi, Laboratório de Fisiologia de Insetos Hematófagos, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Parasitology, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-002, Brazil

Background: Leishmania enriettii is a species non-infectious to man, whose reservoir is the guinea pig Cavia porcellus. Many aspects of the parasite-host interaction in this model are unknown, especially those involving parasite surface molecules. While lipophosphoglycans (LPGs) and glycoinositolphospholipids (GIPLs) of Leishmania species from the Old and New World have already been described, glycoconjugates of L. enriettii and their importance are still unknown. Methods: Mice peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 and knock-out (TLR2 -/-, TLR4 -/-) were primed with IFN-γ and stimulated with purified LPG and GIPLs from both species. Nitric oxide and cytokine production were performed. MAPKs (p38 and JNK) and NF-kB activation were evaluated in J774.1 macrophages and CHO cells, respectively. Results: LPGs were extracted, purified and analysed by western-blot, showing that LPG from L88 strain was longer than that of Cobaia strain. LPGs and GIPLs were depolymerised and their sugar content was determined. LPGs from both strains did not present side chains, having the common disaccharide Gal(β1,4)Man(α1)-PO4. The GIPL from L88 strain presented galactose in its structure, suggestive of type II GIPL. On the other hand, the GIPL of Cobaia strain presented an abundance of glucose, a characteristic not previously observed. Mice peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 and knock-outs (TLR2 -/- and TLR4 -/-) were primed with IFN-γ and stimulated with glycoconjugates and live parasites. No activation of NO or cytokines was observed with live parasites. On the other hand, LPGs and GIPLs were able to activate the production of NO, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α preferably via TRL2. However, in CHO cells, only GIPLs were able to activate TRL2 and TRL4. In vivo studies using male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) showed that only strain L88 was able to develop more severe ulcerated lesions especially in the presence of salivary gland extract (SGE). Conclusion: The two L. enriettii strains exhibited polymorphisms in their LPGs and GIPLs and those features may be related to a more pro-inflammatory profile in the L88 strain.

glycoconjugates, macrophage, innate immunity, lipophosphoglycan, glycoinositolphospholipids, Cavia porcellus, Leishmania enriettii

Structure type: oligomer
Location inside paper: p. 31-2, Fig. 10
Compound class: LPG
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_134623,IEDB_134624,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136095,IEDB_136100,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_141807,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144996,IEDB_144998,IEDB_145002,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151528,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164174,IEDB_190606,IEDB_433717,IEDB_474450,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_163,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_192,SB_195,SB_197,SB_44,SB_67,SB_7,SB_72,SB_88

Methods: SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, biological assays, composition analysis, FACE, UV, extraction, statistical analysis, cytokine production, macrophage activity assay
Comments, role: the precise numbers of the repeat units in the L. enriettii LPGs and the CAP constitution are not known.

Related record ID(s): 8284, 8285, 8286
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 5663, 1295825
Show glycosyltransferases

There are 4 chemically distinct structures. Please, select:

[1*]OCC(O)COP(=O)(O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O[C@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]4O[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)[C@H](O[C@H]5O[C@H](CO[C@H]6O[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O[C@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]8O[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O[C@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]%10O[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O[C@H]%11O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]%12O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%12O[2*])[C@H](O)[C@@H]%11O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%10O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]9O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]8O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]7O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5O)[C@H]4O)[C@@H]3O)[C@@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1N

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

R1 = ALK
R2 = SUG
Warning = sub-repeat ending at xXP?: unknown unit count was assumed to be 3