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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531

• Article ID: 204
  Vinogradov EV, Brade L, Brade H, Holst O "Structural and serological characterisation of the O-antigenic polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter baumannii strain 24" - Carbohydrate Research 338(23) (2003) 2751-2756
  

  Extraction of dry bacteria of Acinetobacter baumannii strain 24 by phenol-water yielded a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that was studied by serological methods and fatty acid analysis. After immunisation of BALB/c mice with this strain, monoclonal antibody S48-3-13 (IgG(3) isotype) was obtained, which reacted with the LPS in western blot and characterized it as S-form LPS. Degradation of the LPS in aqueous 1% acetic acid followed by GPC gave the O-antigenic polysaccharide, whose structure was determined by compositional analyses and NMR spectroscopy of the polysaccharide and O-deacylated polysaccharide as [carbohydrate structure: see text] where QuiN4N is 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxyglucose and GalNAcA 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalacturonic acid. The amino group at C-4 of the QuipN4N residues is acetylated in about 2/3 of LPS molecules and (S)-3-hydroxybutyrylated in the rest

  Lipopolysaccharide, NMR, LPS, structure, strain, structural, polysaccharide, analysis, group, molecule, O-antigenic, O-antigenic polysaccharide, acid, Acinetobacter, Acinetobacter baumannii, antibodies, antibody, monoclonal, monoclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibody, mice, NMR spectroscopy, bacteria, serological, spectroscopy, fatty acid, method, degradation, methods, acetylated, amino, amino group, aqueous, extraction, O-deacylated, phenol-water, S-form

  NCBI PubMed ID: 14670733
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: oholst@fz-borstel.de
  Institutions: Division of Medical and Biochemical Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, D-23845 Borstel, Germany, Division of Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Borstel, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
  Methods: NMR-2D, NMR, chemical methods
  
   
  
  Acinetobacter baumannii 24
  CSDB ID 5534 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: CPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531

• Article ID: 4024
  Fregolino E, Gargiulo V, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, Holst O, Castro CD "Identification and structural determination of the capsular polysaccharides from two Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates, MG1 and SMAL" - Carbohydrate Research 346(7) (2011) 973-977
  

  The structures of the capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of the two clinical isolates Acinetobacter baumannii SMAL and MG1 were elucidated. Hot phenol/water extractions of the dry biomasses, followed by enzymatic digestions and repeated ultracentrifugations led to the isolation of polysaccharides that were negative in Western blot analysis utilizing an anti-lipid A antibody, thus proving that they were not the LPS O-antigens but CPSs. Their structures were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS analyses. The A. baumannii MG1 CPS consisted of a linear aminopolysaccharide with acyl substitution heterogeneity at the N-4 amino group of QuipN4N: 4)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→4)-α-L-GalpNAcA-(1→3)-β-D-QuipNAc4NR-(1→ R=3-hydroxybutyrryl or acetyl. The repeating unit of the CPS produced by strain SMAL is a pentasaccharide, already reported for the O-antigen moiety from A. baumannii strain ATCC 17961: (formula, see text).

  Acinetobacter baumannii, capsular polysaccharide, structural analysis, Western blot

  NCBI PubMed ID: 21463855
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.03.024
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: decastro@unina.it
  Institutions: Division of Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany, Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Napoli, Italy
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, SDS-PAGE, sugar analysis, deacylation, Western blotting, NMR-1D
  
   
  
  Acinetobacter baumannii 24
  CSDB ID 26626 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: CPS, O-polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531

• Article ID: 4329
  Knirel YA "Structure of O-antigens" - Book: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: Structure, chemical synthesis, biogenesis and interaction with host cells (2011) Chapter 3, 41-115
  

  The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Its lipid A moiety is embedded in the membrane and serves as an anchor for the rest of the LPS molecule. The outermost repetitive glycan region of the LPS is linked to the lipid A through a core oligosaccharide (OS), and is designated as the O-specific polysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, OPS) or O-antigen. The O-antigen is the most variable portion of the LPS and provides serological specificity, which is used for bacterial serotyping. The OPS also provides protection to the microorganisms from host defenses such as complement mediated killing and phagocytosis, and is involved in interactions of bacteria with plants and bacteriophages. Studies of the OPSs ranging from the elucidation of their chemical structures and conformations to their biological and physico-chemical properties help improving classification schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, these studies contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as well as provided information to develop novel vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

  Lipopolysaccharide, synthesis, lipopolysaccharides, structure, Bacterial, host, O-antigen, O antigen, cell, O antigens, O-antigens, chemical, interaction, cells, PDF, chemical synthesis, biogenesis

  Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0733-1_3
  Publisher: Springer
  Correspondence: knirel@ioc.ac.ru
  Editors: Knirel YA, Valvano MA
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Acinetobacter baumannii 24
  CSDB ID 27755 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 6411
  Kasimova AA, Sharar NS, Ambrose SJ, Knirel YA, Shneider MM, Timoshina OY, Popova AV, Perepelov AV, Dmitrenok AS, Hsu LY, Hall RM, Kenyon JJ "The Acinetobacter baumannii K70 and K9 capsular polysaccharides consist of related K-units linked by the same Wzy polymerase and cleaved by the same phage depolymerases" - Microbiology Spectrum 11(6) (2023) e0302523
  

  Bacteriophage show promise for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections that resist all therapeutically suitable antibiotics. Many tail-spike depolymerases encoded by phage that are able to degrade A. baumannii capsular polysaccharide (CPS) exhibit specificity for the linkage present between K-units that make up CPS polymers. This linkage is formed by a specific Wzy polymerase, and the ability to predict this linkage using sequence-based methods that identify the Wzy at the K locus could assist with the selection of phage for therapy. However, little is known about the specificity of Wzy polymerase enzymes. Here, we describe a Wzy polymerase that can accommodate two different but similar sugars as one of the residues it links and phage depolymerases that can cleave both types of bond that Wzy forms.

  Acinetobacter baumannii, capsular polysaccharide, Wzy polymerase, phage depolymerase, K70

  NCBI PubMed ID: 37975684
  Publication DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03025-23
  Journal NLM ID: 101634614
  Publisher: Washington, DC: ASM Press
  Correspondence: J.J. Kenyon
  Institutions: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia, M. M. Shemyakin and Y. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, DNA sequencing, sugar analysis, DNA techniques, GLC, Smith degradation, HPLC, GPC, bioinformatic analysis, phage depolymerisation, HR-ESI-MS
  
   
  
  Acinetobacter baumannii K1 AB307-0294
  CSDB ID 20745 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: K1 capsular polysaccharide, K1 CPS
Compound class: CPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531

• Article ID: 4610
  Russo TA, Beanan JM, Olson R, Macdonald U, Cox AD, St Michael F, Vinogradov EV, Spellberg B, Luke-Marshall NR, Campagnari AA "The K1 Capsular Polysaccharide From Acinetobacter baumannii Is a Potential Therapeutic Target Via Passive Immunization" - Infection and Immunity 81(3) (2013) 915-922
  

  The emergence of extreme and pan-resistant gram-negative bacilli, such as Acinetobacter baumannii requires consideration of non-antimicrobial therapeutic approaches. The goal of this report was to evaluate the K1 capsular polysaccharide from A. baumannii as a passive immunization target. Its structure was determined by a combination of mass spectrometric and NMR techniques. Molecular mimics that might raise the concern for autoimmune disease were not identified. Immunization of CD1 mice demonstrated that the K1 capsule is immunogenic. The monoclonal antibody MAb13D6, which is directed against the K1 capsule from A. baumannii, was used to determine the seroprevalence of the K1 capsule in a collection of 100 A. baumannii strains. Thirteen percent of the A. baumannii isolates from this collection were seroreactive to MAb13D6. Opsonization of K1-positive strains, but not K1-minus strains, with MAb13D6 significantly increased neutrophil-mediated bactericidal activity in vitro (P < 0.05). Lastly, treatment with MAb13D6 three and twenty-four h after bacterial challenge in a rat soft-tissue infection model resulted in a significant decrease in the growth/survival a K1-positive strain compared to a K1-minus strain or to treatment with a vehicle control (P <0.0001). These data support the proof of principle that the K1 capsule is a potential therapeutic target via passive immunization. Other serotypes require assessment and pragmatic challenges exist such as the need to serotype infecting strains and utilize serotype-specific therapy. Nonetheless, this approach may become an important therapeutic option with increasing antimicrobial resistance and a diminishing number of active antimicrobials.

  Acinetobacter baumannii, monoclonal antibodies, immunization, serotype-specific, capsular polysaccharid

  NCBI PubMed ID: 23297385
  Publication DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01184-12
  Journal NLM ID: 0246127
  Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
  Correspondence: Thomas A. Russo
  Institutions: Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA, The Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA, Division of General Internal Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, sugar analysis, biological assays, serological methods, CE-ESI-MS, statistical analysis, immunization
  
   
  
  Acinetobacter baumannii K1 (AB307-0294), Acinetobacter baumannii 24
  CSDB ID 29336 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 5188
  Micoli F, Costantino P, Adamo R "Potential targets for next generation anti-microbial glycoconjugate vaccines" - FEMS Microbiology Reviews 42(3) (2018) 388-423
  

  Cell surface carbohydrates have been proven optimal targets for vaccine development. Conjugation of polysaccharides to a carrier protein triggers a T-cell dependent immune response to the glycan moiety. Licensed glycoconjugate vaccines are produced by chemical conjugation of capsular polysaccharides to prevent meningitis caused by meningococcus, pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae type b. However, other classes of carbohydrates (O-antigens, exopolysaccharides, wall/teichoic acids) represent attractive targets for developing vaccines.Recent analysis from WHO/CHO underpins alarming concern towards antibiotic resistant bacteria, such as the so called ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) and additional pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and Group A Streptococcus. Fungal infections are also becoming increasingly invasive for immunocompromised patients or hospitalized individuals. Other emergencies could derive from bacteria which spread during environmental calamities (Vibrio cholerae) or with potential as bioterrorism weapons (Burkholderia pseudomallei and mallei, Francisella tularensis). Vaccination could aid reducing the use of broad spectrum antibiotics and provide protection by herd immunity also to individuals who are not vaccinated.This review analyses structural and functional differences of the polysaccharides exposed on the surface of emerging pathogenic bacteria, combined with medical need and technological feasibility of corresponding glycoconjugate vaccines.

  carbohydrates, glycoconjugates, vaccines, glycoengineering, antimicrobial resistance

  NCBI PubMed ID: 29547971
  Publication DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy011
  Journal NLM ID: 8902526
  Publisher: Oxford University Press
  Correspondence: Roberto Adamo
  Institutions: GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena
  
   
  
  Acinetobacter baumannii
  CSDB ID 12947 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531

• Article ID: 4819
  Giguere D "Surface polysaccharides from Acinetobacter baumannii: Structures and syntheses" - Carbohydrate Research 418 (2015) 29-43
  

  The emergence of multidrug-resistance Acinetobacter baumannii requires novel approaches for prevention, treatment and diagnosis. The structures of surface polysaccharides from A. baumannii are valuable tools to understand pathogenesis, virulence and immunogenicity. The synthesis of bacterial mono- or polysaccharides may result in novel probes to become important therapeutic options in the fight against A. baumannii. This report exemplifies the relevance of glycochemistry for the development of new antibiotics.

  lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, Acinetobacter, Acinetobacter baumannii, polysaccharide synthesis, surface polysaccharides

  NCBI PubMed ID: 26531136
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.10.001
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: denis.giguere@chm.ulaval.ca
  Institutions: Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
  
   
  
  Acinetobacter baumannii 24
  CSDB ID 30936 (all data & tools)