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Taxonomic group: bacteria / Proteobacteria (Phylum: Proteobacteria)
Associated disease: infection due to Escherichia coli [ICD11: XN6P4

]

NCBI PubMed ID: 36015090
Publication DOI: 10.3390/ph15080942
Journal NLM ID: 101238453
Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: MDPI
Correspondence: R. Ibba <ribba

uniss.it>
Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy, Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy

Certain bacteria constitute a threat to humans due to their ability to escape host defenses as they easily develop drug resistance. Bacteria are classified into gram-positive and gram-negative according to the composition of the cell membrane structure. Gram-negative bacteria have an additional outer membrane (OM) that is not present in their gram-positive counterpart; the latter instead hold a thicker peptidoglycan (PG) layer. This review covers the main structural and functional properties of cell wall polysaccharides (CWPs) and PG. Drugs targeting CWPs are discussed, both noncarbohydrate-related (β-lactams, fosfomycin, and lipopeptides) and carbohydrate-related (glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides). Bacterial resistance to these drugs continues to evolve, which calls for novel antibacterial approaches to be developed. The use of carbohydrate-based vaccines as a valid strategy to prevent bacterial infections is also addressed.

structure, polysaccharides, cell wall polysaccharides, carbohydrate-based vaccines, antibiotic resistance, bacterial membrane, carbohydrate-based drugs

Structure type: oligomer
Location inside paper: Fig. 4
Compound class: LPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130648,IEDB_130650,IEDB_130659,IEDB_130670,IEDB_131186,IEDB_135394,IEDB_135515,IEDB_135813,IEDB_135818,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137473,IEDB_137485,IEDB_1391961,IEDB_140088,IEDB_141584,IEDB_141794,IEDB_141807,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_150908,IEDB_151528,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_153543,IEDB_176772,IEDB_190606,IEDB_2189047,IEDB_226811,IEDB_534864,IEDB_885822,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_44,SB_7,SB_72

Comments, role: review;

NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 217992
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(=O)(O)O)[C@@H](CO[C@]2(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[C@]3(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O3)[C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H]([C@@H](O)CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]4O[C@H]([C@@H](O)CO[C@H]5O[C@H]([C@@H](O)CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]5O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]5O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]8O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]%10O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%11O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[C@H]%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]%13O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]%14O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%15O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[C@H]%16O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]%17O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]%18O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%19O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[C@H]%20O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]%21O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]%22O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%23O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%23NC(C)=O)[C@@H]%22O[C@@H]%22O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%22O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]%21O)[C@H]%20NC(C)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%19NC(C)=O)[C@@H]%18O[C@@H]%18O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%18O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]%17O)[C@H]%16NC(C)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%15NC(C)=O)[C@@H]%14O[C@@H]%14O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%14O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]%13O)[C@H]%12NC(C)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%11NC(C)=O)[C@@H]%10O[C@@H]%10O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%10O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]9O)[C@H]8NC(C)=O)[C@H]7O)[C@H]6O[C@H]6O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O[C@H]6O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@H]5O)[C@@H]4O)[C@@H]3O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O2)O[C@@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](OP(=O)(O)O)[C@H](NC(=O)C[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H]1NC(=O)C[C@@H](CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

Warning = sub-repeat ending at aDGlcpN: unknown unit count was assumed to be 3