Taxonomic group: bacteria / Proteobacteria
(Phylum: Proteobacteria)
Associated disease: infection due to Escherichia coli [ICD11:
XN6P4 
];
infection due to Salmonella enterica [ICD11:
XN5VC ]
NCBI PubMed ID: 15052329Journal NLM ID: 8606068Publisher: Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada
Correspondence: trentms
mailetsu.edu
Institutions: Department of Microbiology, Box 70579, East Tennessee State University, J.H. Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN 37614, U.S.A.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major surface molecule of Gram-negative bacteria and consists of three distinct structural domains: O-antigen, core, and lipid A. The lipid A (endotoxin) domain of LPS is a unique, glucosamine-based phospholipid that serves as the hydrophobic anchor of LPS and is the bioactive component of the molecule that is associated with Gram-negative septic shock. The structural genes encoding the enzymes required for the biosynthesis of Escherchia coli lipid A have been identified and characterized. Lipid A is often viewed as a constitutively synthesized structural molecule. However, determination of the exact chemical structures of lipid A from diverse Gram-negative bacteria shows that the molecule can be further modified in response to environmental stimuli. These modifications have been implicated in virulence of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and represent one of the molecular mechanisms of microbial surface remodeling used by bacteria to help evade the innate immune response. The intent of this review is to discuss the enzymatic machinery involved in the biosynthesis of lipid A, transport of the molecule, and finally, those enzymes involved in the modification of its structure in response to environmental stimuli.
lipopolysaccharides, lipide A, endotoxine, membrane externe, MsbA
Structure type: oligomer
Location inside paper: p.74, Fig.2, lipid IVA
Trivial name: lipid IV A, lipid IV(A)
Compound class: lipid A, glycolipid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135394,IEDB_135515,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531
Enzymes that release or process the structure: LpxK
Comments, role: minireview
Related record ID(s): 31338, 31339, 31340, 31341, 31342, 31343, 31344
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 83333,
90371
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Found 
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