Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: glucomannan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_133966,IEDB_137485,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144995,IEDB_146664,IEDB_152206,IEDB_241101,IEDB_76920,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_44,SB_72

• Article ID: 7073
  Lee HH, Lee JS, Cho JY, Kim YE, Hong EK "Structural characteristics of immunostimulating polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes" - Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 19(5) (2009) 455-461
  

  There is a significant amount of experimental evidence suggesting that polysaccharides from mushrooms enhance the host immune system by activating various mechanisms in immune cells, including macrophages. In this study, polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes were found to stimulate the functional activation of macrophages to secrete inflammatory mediators and cytokines and increase the phagocytotic uptake. The chemical properties of the stimulatory polysaccharides, CPFN-G-I, CPBN-G, and CPBA-G, were determined based on their monosaccharide composition, which mainly consisted of glucose and mannose. According to FT-IR and GC/MS, the structure of CPFN-G-I, purified from the fruiting body of L. edodes, was found to consist of a β-1,6-branched-β-1,4-glucan, whereas CPBN-G and CPBA-G, purified from the liquid.

  structural analysis, Congo red, immunostimulating polysaccharide, Lentinus edodes, mushroom-derived beta-glucan, triple helical conformation

  NCBI PubMed ID: 19494692
  Publication DOI: 10.4014/jmb.0809.542
  Journal NLM ID: 9431852
  Publisher: Seoul: Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology
  Correspondence: ekhong@kangwon.ac.kr
  Institutions: Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Bioengn & Technol, Chunchon, South Korea, Kangwon Natl Univ, Sch Biosci & Biotechnol, Chunchon, South Korea, Kangwon Natl Univ, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Chunchon, South Korea, Korea Food Res Inst, Songnam, South Korea
  Methods: methylation, GC-MS, sugar analysis, conformation analysis, GC, FTIR, GPC, ion-exchange chromatography, extraction, statistical analysis, RP-HPLC, cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) assay, determination of NO production, phagocytosis assay, TNF-a assay
  
   
  
  Lentinus edodes KCTC 6734
  CSDB ID 41959 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 4000-1500000
Compound class: O-polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114701,IEDB_115136,IEDB_115576,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_140630,IEDB_144983,IEDB_145668,IEDB_152206,IEDB_167188,IEDB_174332,IEDB_423153,IEDB_76920,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_72

• Article ID: 7460
  Jiang RZ, Wang Y, Luo HM, Cheng YQ, Chen YH, Gao Y, Gao QP "Effect of the molecular mass of tremella polysaccharides on accelerated recovery from cyclophosphamide-induced leucopenia in rats" - Molecules 17(4) (2012) 3609-3617
  

  The body of tremella were decocted with water, and hydrolyzed with 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid for different times, giving tremella polysaccharides with six molecular mass values. The structures of all the tremella polysaccharides had non-reducing terminals of β-D-pyranglucuronide, the backbone was composed of (1→3)-linked β-D-mannopyranoside, and the side chain composed of (1→6)-linked β-D-xylopyranoside was attached to the C2 of the backbone mannopyranoside. Immunomodulatory effect studies indicated that tremella polysaccharides increased the counts of leukocytes in the peripheral blood which were significantly lowered by cyclophosphamide, and the lower the molecular mass of the tremella polysaccharide, the better this effect was.

  hydrolysis, molecular mass, cyclophosphamide-induced leucopenia, Tremella polysaccharide

  NCBI PubMed ID: 22447024
  Publication DOI: 10.3390/molecules17043609
  Journal NLM ID: 100964009
  Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: MDPI
  Correspondence: Jiang RZ ; Luo HM ; Gao QP
  Institutions: Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine and Material Medica Science, Changchun, China, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China, Center for New Medicine Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
  Methods: methylation, GC-MS, biological assays, FTIR, HPLC, GPC, extraction, CC, carbazole-sulfuric acid assay, derivatization, Bradford method, evaporation, phenol–sulfuric acid assay
  
   
  
  Tremella fuciformis
  CSDB ID 44000 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: homopolymer ; 560000
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 5286
  Kiho T, Yoshida I, Nagai K, Ukai S, Hara C "(1→3)-α-D-glucan from an alkaline extract of Agrocybe cylindracea, and antitumor activity of its O-(carboxymethyl)ated derivatives" - Carbohydrate Research 189(C) (1989) 273-279
  

  The structure of an alkali-soluble D-glucan (AG-AL) from the fruit body of Agrocybe cylindracea was investigated by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic methods indicating that it was a linear (1→3)-α-D-glucan (molecular weight, ~560,000), [α]D2O +195° (c 0.5, m sodium hydroxide). Both water-soluble and gelatinous products obtained by O-(carboxymethyl)ation of AG-AL showed potent antitumor activity against the solid form of Sarcoma 180 in mice, although the native D-glucan had little effect on the tumor.

  mice, glucan, sarcoma 180, Agrocybe cylindracea, carboxymethylated derivative

  NCBI PubMed ID: 2550128
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(89)84103-5
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan, Shotoku Gakuen Women's Junior College, Gifu, Japan
  Methods: 13C NMR, methylation, periodate oxidation, GLC-MS, gel filtration, IR, acid hydrolysis, GLC, paper chromatography, extraction, optical rotation measurement, acetylation, reduction, antutumor activity assay, carboxymethylation, evaporation
  
   
  
  Agrocybe cylindracea
  CSDB ID 44001 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit ; 47300
Trivial name: pullulan
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_140629,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_420419,IEDB_420420,IEDB_420421,IEDB_857742,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 7622
  Ishikawa H, Jo J, Tabata Y "Liver anti-fibrosis therapy with mesenchymal stem cells secreting hepatocyte growth factor" - Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition 23(18) (2012) 2259-2272
  

  The objective of this study is to investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of combined mesencymal stem cells (MSCs) and gene therapy on liver fibrosis. When transfected by the complex with a plasmid DNA of hep-atocyte growth factor (HGF) and the spermine-introduced pullulan of gene carrier, MSCs secreted HGF protein over 1 week. The HGF secreted from transfected MSC had the biological activity to promote the albumin production of hepatocytes. After intravenous injection, the HGF-secreting MSCs (HGF-MSC) accumulated in the liver. The injection of HGF-MSC decreased the fibrosis area in a rat model of liver fibrosis to a significantly great extent compared with that of original MSC. In the in vitro experiment, the higher number of HGF-transfected MSCs was migrated by stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α more strongly than the original MSC. Considering the promotion of SDF-1α secretion in the liver fibrosis, it is possible that, when transplanted, genetically-engineered MSCs are accumulated in the liver due to their higher response to SDF-1α. It is concluded that the intravenous injection of genetically-engineered MSCs is a promising therapy for liver fibrosis

  Fibrosis, mesenchymal stem cells, cell transplantation, hepatocyte growth factor, spermine-introduced pullulan

  NCBI PubMed ID: 22182291
  Publication DOI: 10.1163/156856211X614761
  Journal NLM ID: 9007393
  Publisher: VSP
  Correspondence: yasuhiko@frontier.kyoto-u.ac.jp
  Institutions: Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  Methods: DNA techniques, biological assays, cell growth, dynamic light scattering, cytotoxicity assay, derivatization
  
   
  
  Aureobasidium pullulans
  CSDB ID 44481 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; n=15, 40000
Compound class: EPS, cell wall polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_136095,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141793,IEDB_141836,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_147454,IEDB_149176,IEDB_152206,IEDB_153220,IEDB_158538,IEDB_164174,IEDB_190606,IEDB_2346541,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_136,SB_192,SB_196,SB_197,SB_198,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 7653
  Li H, Yu H, Zhu H "Structure Studies of the Extracellular Polysaccharide from Trichoderma sp. KK19L1 and Its Antitumor Effect via Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis" - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 182 (2017) 128-141
  

  An extracellular polysaccharide TP1A was purified from the fermented broth of Trichoderma sp. KK19L1 by combination of Q Sepharose fast flow and Sephacryl S-300 chromatography. TP1A was composed of Man, Gal, and Glc in a molar ratio of about 3.0:5.1:8.1. The molar mass of TP1A was about 40.0 kDa. Methylation and NMR analysis indicated that the probable structure of TP1A was [→4,6)-α-D-Glcp(1→6)-β-D-Galf(1→6)-β-D-Galf(1→2,6)-β-D-Galf(1→2,6)-β-D-Galf(1→2,6)-β-D-Galf(1→2,6)-α-D-Manp(1→2,6)-α-D-Manp(1→] with [α-D-Glcp(1→] and [α-D-Manp(1→6)-α-D-Glcp(1→6)-α-D-Glcp(1→] as branches. The antitumor study showed that TP1A was able to inhibit the cell viability of HeLa and MCF-7 cells. TP1A could arrest HeLa cells in G2/M phase and induce HeLa cell apoptosis. These findings suggest that fungal polysaccharides could be a potential source for antitumor agents.

  structure, extracellular polysaccharide, antitumor activity, Trichoderma sp. KK19L1

  NCBI PubMed ID: 27854039
  Publication DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2315-1
  Journal NLM ID: 8208561
  Publisher: Humana Press
  Correspondence: Li H ; Zhu H
  Institutions: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Baoding, China, College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, HPLC, UV, acetylation, TOCSY, NaBD4 reduction, GS-MS, trifluoroacetic acid solvolysis, HPGPC, HMBC, DEPT, NOESY, HSQC, FT-IR
  
   
  
  Trichoderma sp. KK19L1
  CSDB ID 43022 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 23000
Trivial name: tramesan
Compound class: EPS, polysaccharide, galactomannan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_128161,IEDB_130701,IEDB_131173,IEDB_133966,IEDB_133967,IEDB_134618,IEDB_134621,IEDB_134624,IEDB_136045,IEDB_136104,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141794,IEDB_141795,IEDB_141830,IEDB_141834,IEDB_142357,IEDB_142489,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144562,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_151528,IEDB_152206,IEDB_152214,IEDB_153553,IEDB_1539315,IEDB_164177,IEDB_164479,IEDB_164480,IEDB_173895,IEDB_174333,IEDB_190606,IEDB_2278480,IEDB_76920,IEDB_76933,IEDB_858578,IEDB_983930,SB_136,SB_154,SB_163,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_7,SB_72,SB_86

• Article ID: 7654
  Scarpari M, Reverberi M, Parroni A, Scala V, Fanelli C, Pietricola C, Zjalic S, Maresca V, Tafuri A, Ricciardi MR, Licchetta R, Mirabilii S, Sveronis A, Cescutti P, Rizzo R "Tramesan, a novel polysaccharide from Trametes versicolor. Structural characterization and biological effects" - PLoS One 12 (2017) e0171412
  

  Mushrooms represent a formidable source of bioactive compounds. Some of these may be considered as biological response modifiers; these include compounds with a specific biological function: antibiotics (e.g. plectasin), immune system stimulator (e,g, lentinan), antitumor agents (e.g. krestin, PSK) and hypolipidemic agents (e.g. lovastatin) inter alia. In this study, we focused on the Chinese medicinal mushroom "yun zhi", Trametes versicolor, traditionally used for (cit.) "replenish essence and qi (vital energy)". Previous studies indicated the potential activity of extracts from culture filtrate of asexual mycelia of T. versicolor in controlling the growth and secondary metabolism (e.g. mycotoxins) of plant pathogenic fungi. The quest of active principles produced by T. versicolor, allowed us characterising an exo-polysaccharide released in its culture filtrate and naming it Tramesan. Herein we evaluate the biological activity of Tramesan in different organisms: plants, mammals and plant pathogenic fungi. We suggest that the bioactivity of Tramesan relies mostly on its ability to act as pro antioxidant molecule regardless the biological system on which it was applied.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 28829786
  Publication DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171412
  Journal NLM ID: 101285081
  Publisher: San Francisco, CA: Public Library of Science
  Correspondence: massimo.reverberi@uniroma1.it
  Institutions: Sapienza University, Department of Environmental Biology, Rome, Italy, Research Unit for Plant Pathology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy, Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Rome, Italy, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Hematology, ''Sant’Andrea'' University Hospital Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy, Department of the Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, GLC-MS, ESI-MS, GLC, de-O-acetylation, reduction with NaBD4, triflic acid solvolysis, TOCSY, COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HP-SEC
  
   
  
  Trametes versicolor C
  CSDB ID 43023 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 9327
  Scala V, Pietricola C, Farina V, Beccaccioli M, Zjalic S, Quaranta F, Fornara M, Zaccaria M, Momeni B, Reverberi M, Iori A "Tramesan elicits durum wheat defense against the septoria disease complex" - Biomolecules 10(4) (2020) ID 608
  

  The Septoria Leaf Blotch Complex (SLBC), caused by the two ascomycetes Zymoseptoria tritici and Parastagonospora nodorum, can reduce wheat global yearly yield by up to 50%. In the last decade, SLBC incidence has increased in Italy; notably, durum wheat has proven to be more susceptible than common wheat. Field fungicide treatment can efficiently control these pathogens, but it leads to the emergence of resistant strains and adversely affects human and animal health and the environment. Our previous studies indicated that active compounds produced by Trametes versicolor can restrict the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and the biosynthesis of their secondary metabolites (e.g., mycotoxins). Specifically, we identified Tramesan: a 23 kDa α-heteropolysaccharide secreted by T. versicolor that acts as a pro-antioxidant molecule in animal cells, fungi, and plants. Foliar-spray of Tramesan (3.3 μM) on SLBC-susceptible durum wheat cultivars, before inoculation of causal agents of Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch (SNB) and Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB), significantly decreased disease incidence both in controlled conditions (SNB: -99%, STB: -75%) and field assays (SNB: -25%, STB: -30%). We conducted these tests were conducted under controlled conditions as well as in field. We showed that Tramesan increased the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), a plant defense-related hormone. Tramesan also increased the early expression (24 hours after inoculation - hai) of plant defense genes such as PR4 for SNB infected plants, and RBOH, PR1, and PR9 for STB infected plants. These results suggest that Tramesan protects wheat by eliciting plant defenses, since it has no direct fungicidal activity. In field experiments, the yield of durum wheat plants treated with Tramesan was similar to that of healthy untreated plots. These results encourage the use of Tramesan to protect durum wheat against SLBC.

  mushrooms, wheat, plant defense, Antioxidant, septoria disease complex, biostimulant

  NCBI PubMed ID: 32295231
  Publication DOI: 10.3390/biom10040608
  Journal NLM ID: 101596414
  Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: MDPI
  Correspondence: Scala V ; Pietricola C ; Farina V ; Beccaccioli M ; Zjalic S ; Quaranta F ; Fornara M ; Iori A ; Zaccaria M ; Momeni B ; Reverberi M
  Institutions: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione, Roma, Italy, Università Sapienza, Dip. Biologia Ambientale, Roma, Italy, Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni agroalimentari, Roma, Italy, Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, USA
  Methods: biological assays, HPLC, extraction, RT-PCR, cell growth, LC-MS/MS, gene expression, DNA extraction, centrifugation, filtration
  
   
  
  Trametes versicolor
  CSDB ID 50883 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: glycosphingolipid, glycoinositolphosphoryl ceramide (GIPC)
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_136104,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141795,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164480,IEDB_76933,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_136,SB_192,SB_196,SB_44,SB_61,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 7669
  Fontaine T "Sphingolipids from the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus" - Biochimie 141 (2017) 9-15
  

  Sphingolipids (SPLs) are key components of the plasma membrane in yeast and filamentous fungi. These molecules are involved in a number of cellular processes, and particularly, SGLs are essential components of the highly polarized fungal growth where they are required for the formation of the polarisome organization at the hyphal apex. Aspergillus fumigatus, a human fungal pathogen, produce SGLs that are discriminated into neutral cerebrosides, glycosylinositolphosphoceramides (GIPCs) and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. In addition to complex hydrophilic head groups of GIPCs, A. fumigatus is, to date, the sole fungus that produces a GPI-anchored polysaccharide. These SPLs follow three different biosynthetic pathways. Genetics blockage leading to the inhibition of any SPL biosynthesis or to the alteration of the structure of SPL induces growth and virulence defects. The complete lipid moiety of SPLs is essential for the lipid microdomain organization and their biosynthetic pathways are potential antifungal targets but remains understudied.

  Aspergillus fumigatus, GPI, glucosylceramide, GIPC

  NCBI PubMed ID: 28652019
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.06.012
  Journal NLM ID: 1264604
  Publisher: Paris: Editions Scientifiques Elsevier
  Correspondence: thierry.fontaine@pasteur.fr
  Institutions: Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
  
   
  
  Aspergillus fumigatus
  CSDB ID 43103 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: glycosphingolipid, GPI-anchor
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_120354,IEDB_123890,IEDB_130701,IEDB_136104,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141111,IEDB_141795,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_152206,IEDB_153756,IEDB_164174,IEDB_164175,IEDB_164176,IEDB_164480,IEDB_174840,IEDB_474450,IEDB_76933,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_136,SB_192,SB_196,SB_197,SB_44,SB_61,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 7669
  Fontaine T "Sphingolipids from the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus" - Biochimie 141 (2017) 9-15
  

  Sphingolipids (SPLs) are key components of the plasma membrane in yeast and filamentous fungi. These molecules are involved in a number of cellular processes, and particularly, SGLs are essential components of the highly polarized fungal growth where they are required for the formation of the polarisome organization at the hyphal apex. Aspergillus fumigatus, a human fungal pathogen, produce SGLs that are discriminated into neutral cerebrosides, glycosylinositolphosphoceramides (GIPCs) and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. In addition to complex hydrophilic head groups of GIPCs, A. fumigatus is, to date, the sole fungus that produces a GPI-anchored polysaccharide. These SPLs follow three different biosynthetic pathways. Genetics blockage leading to the inhibition of any SPL biosynthesis or to the alteration of the structure of SPL induces growth and virulence defects. The complete lipid moiety of SPLs is essential for the lipid microdomain organization and their biosynthetic pathways are potential antifungal targets but remains understudied.

  Aspergillus fumigatus, GPI, glucosylceramide, GIPC

  NCBI PubMed ID: 28652019
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.06.012
  Journal NLM ID: 1264604
  Publisher: Paris: Editions Scientifiques Elsevier
  Correspondence: thierry.fontaine@pasteur.fr
  Institutions: Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
  
   
  
  Aspergillus fumigatus
  CSDB ID 43104 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 7678
  Gow NAR, Latge JP, Munro CA "The fungal cell wall: structure, biosynthesis, and function" - Microbiology Spectrum 5(3) (2017) FUNK-0035
  

  The molecular composition of the cell wall is critical for the biology and ecology of each fungal species. Fungal walls are composed of matrix components that are embedded and linked to scaffolds of fibrous load-bearing polysaccharides. Most of the major cell wall components of fungal pathogens are not represented in humans, other mammals, or plants, and therefore the immune systems of animals and plants have evolved to recognize many of the conserved elements of fungal walls. For similar reasons the enzymes that assemble fungal cell wall components are excellent targets for antifungal chemotherapies and fungicides. However, for fungal pathogens, the cell wall is often disguised since key signature molecules for immune recognition are sometimes masked by immunologically inert molecules. Cell wall damage leads to the activation of sophisticated fail-safe mechanisms that shore up and repair walls to avoid catastrophic breaching of the integrity of the surface. The frontiers of research on fungal cell walls are moving from a descriptive phase defining the underlying genes and component parts of fungal walls to more dynamic analyses of how the various components are assembled, cross-linked, and modified in response to environmental signals. This review therefore discusses recent advances in research investigating the composition, synthesis, and regulation of cell walls and how the cell wall is targeted by immune recognition systems and the design of antifungal diagnostics and therapeutics.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 28513415
  Publication DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0035-2016
  Journal NLM ID: 101634614
  Publisher: Washington, DC: ASM Press
  Correspondence: n.gow@abdn.ac.uk
  Institutions: Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
  
   
  
  Aspergillus fumigatus
  CSDB ID 43200 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136095,IEDB_137472,IEDB_149137,IEDB_190606,IEDB_885812

• Article ID: 5306
  Marino C, Rinflerch A, de Lederkremer RM "Galactofuranose antigens, a target for diagnosis of fungal infections in humans" - Future Science OA 3(3) (2017) FSO199
  

  The use of biomarkers for the detection of fungal infections is of interest to complement histopathological and culture methods. Since the production of antibodies in immunocompromised patients is scarce, detection of a specific antigen could be effective for early diagnosis. D-Galactofuranose (Galf) is the antigenic epitope in glycoconjugates of several pathogenic fungi. Since Galf is not biosynthesized by mammals, it is an attractive candidate for diagnosis of infection. A monoclonal antibody that recognizes Galf is commercialized for detection of aspergillosis. The linkage of Galf in the natural glycans and the chemical structures of the synthesized Galf-containing oligosaccharides are described in this paper. The oligosaccharides could be used for the synthesis of artificial carbohydrate-based antigens, not enough exploited for diagnosis.

  galactofuranose, immune response, diagnosis, biomarkers, fungal infections, synthetic haptens

  NCBI PubMed ID: 28883999
  Publication DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0030
  Journal NLM ID: 101665030
  Publisher: London: Future Science Group
  Correspondence: Marino C ; de Lederkremer RM
  Institutions: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Servicio de Dermatología, Dermatología Experimental, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  
   
  
  Aspergillus fumigatus
  CSDB ID 43145 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer ; 1005.44 [M-H]-
Compound class: O-glycan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_140630,IEDB_423153

• Article ID: 7675
  Ashwood C, Abrahams JL, Nevalainen H, Packer NH "Enhancing structural characterisation of glucuronidated O-linked glycans using negative mode ion trap higher energy collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry" - Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 31(10) (2017) 851-858
  

  High protein production and secretion with eukaryotic glycosylation machinery make T. reesei RUT-C30 a suitable expression host for recombinant proteins. The N-glycosylation of secreted proteins of RUT-C30 is known to vary depending on culture nutrients but O-glycosylation has been less extensively studied.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 28277614
  Publication DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7851
  Journal NLM ID: 8802365
  Publisher: John Wiley And Sons Ltd
  Correspondence: nicki.packer@mq.edu.au
  Institutions: Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
  Methods: HPLC, reduction with NaBH4, HPAEC-PAD/CD, PGC-LC-ESI-MS, cation-exchange chromatography
  
   
  
  Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30
  CSDB ID 43153 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: homopolymer ; 450000-640000
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_140629,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_420417,IEDB_420418,IEDB_420421,IEDB_857742,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 8471
  Han F, Yao W, Yang X, Liu X, Gao X "Experimental study on anticoagulant and antiplatelet aggregation activity of a chemically sulfated marine polysaccharide YCP" - International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 36(4) (2005) 201-207
  

  A polysaccharide YCP was prepared from a marine filamentous fungus Keissleriella sp. YS4108, which exhibited as a molecular weight (Mw) of 2400 kDa and its three sulfated derivatives (YCP-SL, YCP-SM and YCP-SH) were synthesized, the degree of substitution (DS) of which were determined to be 0.13, 0.99 and 1.3, with the average molecular weight 640, 570 and 450 kDa, respectively. Anticoagulant activity and antiplatelet aggregation activity of these sulfated derivates were evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and platelet aggregation assay. The results showed that YCP sulfates significantly prolonged APTT, TT and PT. The derivates showed no effects on thrombin in the presence or in the absence of antithrombin III (AT III) or heparin cofactor II (HC II), while the derivates effectively inhibited factor Xa in the presence of AT III. At the same time, YCP-SH also possessed potent antiplatelet aggregation activity in vitro compared with aspirin. YCP sulfates specifically interfered with different stages of the coagulation cascade, and the anticoagulant activity improved with the increasing DS and decreased Mw

  sulfation, anticoagulant activity, Marine polysaccharide, antiplatelet aggregation activity

  NCBI PubMed ID: 16102810
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2005.06.003
  Journal NLM ID: 7909578
  Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
  Correspondence: Gao X
  Institutions: School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
  Methods: 13C NMR, IR, biological assays, GPC, extraction, dialysis, anticoagulation activity, precipitation, derivatization, sonication
  
   
  
  Phoma herbarum YS4108
  CSDB ID 49222 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: oligomer ; 1027.3375 [M+Na]+
C₃₇H₆₄O₃₀
Compound class: O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_144983,IEDB_152206,IEDB_76920,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_72

• Article ID: 8474
  Crich D, Li W, Li H "Direct chemical synthesis of the β-mannans: linear and block syntheses of the alternating β-(1→3)-β-(1→4)-mannan common to Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Leptospira biflexa" - Journal of the American Chemical Society 126(46) (2004) 15081-15086
  

  Two stereocontrolled syntheses of a methyl glycoside of an alternating β-(1→4)-β-(1→>3)-mannohexaose, representative of the mannan from Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Leptospira biflexa, are described. Both syntheses employ a combination of 4,6-O-benzylidene- and 4,6-O-p-methoxybenzylidene acetal-protected donors to achieve stereocontrolled formation of the β-mannoside linkage. The first synthesis is a linear one and proceeds with a high degree of stereocontrol throughout and an overall yield of 1.9%. The second synthesis, a block synthesis, makes use of the coupling of two trisaccharides, resulting in a shorter sequence and an overall yield of 4.4%, despite the poor selectivity in the key step

  synthesis, Leptospira biflexa, mannan, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula glutinis

  NCBI PubMed ID: 15548005
  Publication DOI: 10.1021/ja0471931
  Journal NLM ID: 7503056
  Publisher: American Chemical Society
  Correspondence: dcrich@uic.edu
  Institutions: Department of Chemistry, UniVersity of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, chemical synthesis, melting point determination, derivatization
  
   
  
  Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Leptospira biflexa
  CSDB ID 49226 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit ; n=90
Compound class: O-antigen, polysaccharide, mannan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_144983,IEDB_152206,IEDB_76920,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_72

• Article ID: 8475
  Gorin PAJ, Horitsu K, Spencer JFT "An exocellular mannan alternately linked 1,3-β and 1,4-β from Rhodotorula glutinis" - Canadian Journal of Chemistry 43(4) (1965) 950-954
  

  The yeast, Rhodotorula glutinis, gives an exocellular mannan containing 1,3-β- and 1,4-β-D-mannopyranose residues arranged in a straight chain of at least 90 units. Consecutive 1,3-β-links are absent and although consecutive 1,4-β-links may exist they are present at most in only a very small proportion. The 1,3-β- and 1,4-β-D-mannopyranose residues are therefore arranged alternately in the chain. Mannans from R. mucilaginosa, R. minuta, and an unidentified Rhodotorula spp. 62-506 appear to have similar structures

  mannan, Rhodotorula glutinis

  Publication DOI: 10.1139/v65-122
  Journal NLM ID: 0372705
  Publisher: National Research Council of Canada Canada
  Institutions: National Research Council of Canada, Prairie Regional Laboratory, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
  Methods: methylation, periodate oxidation, acid hydrolysis, GLC, Smith degradation, paper chromatography, extraction, optical rotation measurement, elemental analysis, reduction, cell growth, melting point determination, precipitation, centrifugation, Fehling treatment
  
   
  
  Rhodotorula glutinis
  CSDB ID 49227 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: fragment of a bigger structure
Aglycon: protein
Compound class: N-glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_135813,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_141793,IEDB_141807,IEDB_144983,IEDB_149158,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_983930,SB_197,SB_198,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72,SB_73

• Article ID: 8478
  Oliva EM, Cirelli AF, de Lederkremer RM "Structural studies on a glycopeptide from the tree fungus Cyttaria harioti Fischer" - Carbohydrate Research 138(2) (1985) 257-266
  

  A glycopeptide (In1) was isolated by phenol-water extraction from Cyttaria harioti Fischer, parasite of Nothofagus sps. Neutral sugars account for 89% of In1 and were characterized as glucose, mannose, and galactose. Glucosamine, identified by GLC, was colorimetrically estimated (5.8%). The molar ratio of Glc:Man:Gal:GlcNAc was 17:11:3:2. The linkages between the various monosaccharide residues were established through methylation analysis and periodate oxidation studies. The anomeric configurations of the various glycosyl groups were determined by chromium trioxide oxidation of the acetylated polysaccharide. The results were confirmed by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The sugar chain is N-glycosyl-linked to the peptide. Structural features of the carbohydrate moiety of glycopeptide In1 are described

  glycopeptide, Cyttaria harioti, carbohydrate moiety

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(85)85109-0
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  Methods: 13C NMR, methylation, periodate oxidation, GLC-MS, gel filtration, acid hydrolysis, GLC, Smith degradation, paper chromatography, enzymatic digestion, extraction, optical rotation measurement, acetylation, acetolysis, chromium trioxide oxidation, reduction, CC, dialysis, precipitation, phenol-sulfuric acid assay, derivatization, evaporation, Lowry method, phosphate measurement, Elson-Morgan method
  
   
  
  Cyttaria hariotii
  CSDB ID 49230 (all data & tools)