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Taxonomic group: protista / Euglenozoa (Phylum: Euglenozoa)
Host organism: Homo sapiens
Organ / tissue: Life stage: amastigote
Associated disease: infection due to Leishmania major [ICD11: XN7EU

]

NCBI PubMed ID: 36083842
Publication DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00370
Journal NLM ID: 101654580
Publisher: Washington, DC: American Chemical Society
Correspondence: R.M. de Lederkremer <lederk

qo.fcen.uba.ar>; C. Marino <cmarino

qo.fcen.uba.ar>
Institutions: CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina

The α-gal epitope, which refers to the carbohydrate α-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→4)-D-GlcNAc-R, was first described in the glycoconjugates of mammals other than humans. Evolution caused a mutation that resulted in the inactivation of the α-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene. For that reason, humans produce antibodies against α-D-Galp containing glycoproteins and glycolipids of other species. We summarize here the glycoconjugates with α-D-Galp structures in Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium pathogenic protozoa. These were identified in infective stages of Trypanosoma cruzi and in Plasmodium sporozoites. In Leishmania, α-D-Galp is linked differently in the glycans of glycoinositolphospholipids (GIPLs). Chemically synthesized neoglycoconjugates have been proposed as diagnostic tools and as antigens for vaccines. Several syntheses reported for the α-gal trisaccharide, also called the Galili epitope, and the glycans of GIPLs found in Leishmania, the preparation of neoglycoconjugates, and the studies in which they were involved are also included in this Review.

leishmania, Plasmodium, mucins, Trypanosoma, α-galactosyl, anti-α-Gal antibodies

Structure type: oligomer
Location inside paper: Fig. 4, GIPL-2
Aglycon: phosphatidyl inositol
Trivial name: α-gal epitope
Compound class: glycoinositolphospholipid (GIPL)
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_136095,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_141807,IEDB_144983,IEDB_151528,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164174,IEDB_190606,IEDB_983930,SB_197,SB_44,SB_67,SB_7,SB_72

Comments, role: review

NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 5664
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]4O[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)[C@H](O[C@H]5O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5O)[C@H]4O)[C@@H]3O)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

qo.fcen.uba.ar>; C. Marino <cmarino

leishmania, Plasmodium, mucins, Trypanosoma, α-galactosyl, anti-α-Gal antibodies

Structure type: oligomer
Location inside paper: Fig. 4, GIPL-3
Aglycon: phosphatidyl inositol
Trivial name: α-gal epitope
Compound class: glycoinositolphospholipid (GIPL)
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_134624,IEDB_136095,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_141807,IEDB_144983,IEDB_151528,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164174,IEDB_190606,IEDB_983930,SB_163,SB_197,SB_44,SB_67,SB_7,SB_72

Comments, role: review

NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 5664
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]4O[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)[C@H](O[C@H]5O[C@H](CO[C@H]6O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5O)[C@H]4O)[C@@H]3O)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize