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Ravindran R, Mitra K, Arumugam SK, Doble M
Preparation of Curdlan sulphate - Chitosan nanoparticles as a drug carrier to target Mycobacterium smegmatis infected macrophages
Carbohydrate Polymers 258 (2021)
117686
Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31750
(Ancestor NCBI TaxID 357,
species name lookup)
Taxonomic group: bacteria / Actinobacteria
(Phylum: Actinobacteria)
NCBI PubMed ID: 33593559Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117686Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: mukeshd
iitm.ac.in
Institutions: Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
In this study, curdlan sulphate - chitosan nanoparticles were prepared through polyelectrolyte complexing at a mass ratio of 2:1 respectively. The curdlan was produced by fermentation with Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31750, which was then sulphated to form the polyanionic polymer. A first-line tuberculosis drug, Rifampicin and a phytochemical, DdPinitol, were encapsulated into Curdlan Sulphate (CS) - Chitosan Nanoparticles (C) (CSC NPs) of size 205.41 ± 7.24 nm. The drug release kinetics followed a Weibull model with initial burst release (48 % Rifampicin and 27 % d-Pinitol within 6 h), followed by a sustained release. The prepared CSC: d-PIN + RIF NPs was cytocompatible and entered the M.smegmatis infected macrophages through multiple endocytic pathways including clathrin, caveolae and macropinocytosis. They showed superior bactericidal activity (2.4-2.7 fold) within 4 h when compared to free drug Rifampicin (1.6 fold). The drug encapsulated CSC: RIF suppressed the pro-inflammatory gene (TNF-α by 3.66 ± 0.19 fold) and CSC: d-PIN + RIF increased expression of the anti-inflammatory gene (IL-10 by 13.09 ± 0.47 fold). Expression of TGF- β1 gene also increased when treated with CSC: d-PIN + RIF (13.00 ± 0.19 fold) which provided the immunomodulatory activity of the encapsulated CSC NPs. Thus, curdlan sulphate - chitosan polyelectrolyte complex can be a potential nanocarrier matrix for intracellular delivery of multiple drugs.
gene expression, Agrobacterium, macrophages, chitosan, cellular uptake, curdlan sulphate, endocytotic inhibitors, polyelectrolyte complex
Structure type: homopolymer
Location inside paper: p. 117686-1
Trivial name: glucan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, curdlan-type polysaccharide 13140, paramylon, curdlan, laminarin, β-glucan, curdlan, β-(1,3)-glucan, β-(1,3)-glucan, curdlan, curdlan, β-1,3-glucan, paramylon, reserve polysaccharide, b-glucan, β-1,3-D-glucan, laminaran, botryosphaeran, laminaran type β-D-glucan, latiglucan I, pachymaran, Curdlan, zymosan A, β-glucan, curdlan, laminarin, zymosan, zymosan, glucan particles, zymosan, β-(1-3)-glucan, β-(1,3)-glucan, β-(1,3)glucan, pachymaran, D-glucan (DPn)540, pachyman, laminaran, curdlan, zymosan, zymosan, β-(1,3)-glucan, zymosan A, zymosan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, β-1,3-glucan, curdlan, pachyman, β-(1,3)-glucan, curdlan, callose, a water-insoluble β-(1→3)-glucan, fermentum β-polysaccharide, water-insoluble glucan, callose, laminarin, alkali-soluble β-glucan (PeA3), alkali-soluble polysaccharide (PCAP)
Compound class: EPS, O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, lipophosphoglycan, glycoprotein, LPG, glucan, cell wall glucan, polysaccharide, glycoside, β-glucan, β-1, 3-glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1397514,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_158555,IEDB_161166,IEDB_558869,IEDB_857743,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, FTIR, RT-PCR, sulfation, statistical analysis, SEC, antibacterial assay, cell viability assay, SEM, construction nanoparticles, endocytosis assay
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 357Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G51056AN, GlycomeDB:
157, CCSD:
50049, CBank-STR:4225, CA-RN: 51052-65-4, GenDB:FJ3380871.1
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Kim HS, Kim JY, Ryu HS, Park HG, Kim YO, Kang JS, Kim HM, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB
Induction of dendritic cell maturation by β-glucan isolated from Sparassis crispa
International Immunopharmacology 10(10) (2010)
1284-1294
Sparassis crispa
(NCBI TaxID 139825,
species name lookup)
Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota
(Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: mycelium
NCBI PubMed ID: 20699131Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.07.012Journal NLM ID: 100965259Publisher: Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier Science
Correspondence: Han SB <shan
chungbuk.ac.kr>
Institutions: College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center (CICT), Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, South Korea, Hanabiotech Ltd., Kyunggi, South Korea, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, South Korea
Sparassis crispa is a medicinal mushroom containing high 6-branched 1,3-β-D-glucan (sparan) content, which exhibits immune-mediated antitumor activity. In the present study, we investigated the stimulating effect of sparan on phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). Phenotypic maturation was confirmed by the elevated expressions of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC-I/II molecules. Functional activation was proved by increased cytokine production of IL-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-α/β, enhanced IL-2 production and proliferation of allogenic T cells, and decreased endocytosis. The role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a membrane receptor of sparan was proved by the impaired maturation of DCs generated from bone marrow cells of tlr4-/- knock-out mice and TLR4-mutated C3H/HeJ mice, and by using anti-MD-2/TLR4 neutralizing antibody. Sparan increased phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK, and enhanced nuclear translocation of NF-ΚB p50/p65 in DCs. These results indicate that sparan activates DCs via MAPK and NF-ΚB signaling pathways, which are signaling molecules downstream of TLR4.
polysaccharides, Toll-like receptor 4, dendritic cells, Sparassis crispa, Sparan
Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 510000
Location inside paper: Introduction, paragraph 1
Trivial name: sparan
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_1397514,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_158555,IEDB_161166,IEDB_241101,IEDB_558869,IEDB_857743,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: Western blotting, extraction, cytokine production, endocytosis assay, lymphocyte proliferation assay, nitrite production assay
Biological activity: sparan increased the expression of MHC and co-stimulatory molecules in DCs, resulting in enhanced antigen presentation to T cells, and increased cytokine production by DCs; activated Th1 cells can produce IFN-γ and IL-2, which can activate antitumor effector cells, such as cytotoxic T cells and NK cells
Related record ID(s): 44007
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 139825Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G83138WS
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Larsen FT, Guldbrandtsen B, Christensen D, Pitcovski J, Kjærup RB, Dalgaard TS
Pustulan activates chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro and promotes ex vivo CD4+ T cell recall response to infectious bronchitis virus
Vaccines 8(2) (2020)
ID 226
Lasallia pustulata
(NCBI TaxID 136370,
species name lookup)
Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota
(Phylum: Ascomycota)
NCBI PubMed ID: 32429204Publication DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020226Journal NLM ID: 101629355Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: MDPI AG
Correspondence: Kjærup RB <rikke.kjaerup
anis.au.dk>; Guldbrandtsen B <bernt.guldbrandtsen
mbg.au.dk>; Christensen D <den
ssi.dk>; Pitcovski J <jp
migal.org.il>; Larsen FT <ftl
anis.au.dk>; Dalgaard TS <tina.dalgaard
anis.au.dk>
Institutions: Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Tjele, Denmark, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, Virology and Vaccine Development Laboratory, MIGAL Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious avian coronavirus. IBV causes substantial worldwide economic losses in the poultry industry. Vaccination with live-attenuated viral vaccines, therefore, are of critical importance. Live-attenuated viral vaccines, however, exhibit the potential for reversion to virulence and recombination with virulent field strains. Therefore, alternatives such as subunit vaccines are needed together with the identification of suitable adjuvants, as subunit vaccines are less immunogenic than live-attenuated vaccines. Several glycan-based adjuvants directly targeting mammalian C-type lectin receptors were assessed in vitro using chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs). The β-1-6-glucan, pustulan, induced an up-regulation of MHC class II (MHCII) cell surface expression, potentiated a strong proinflammatory cytokine response, and increased endocytosis in a cation-dependent manner. Ex vivo co-culture of peripheral blood monocytes from IBV-immunised chickens, and BM-DCs pulsed with pustulan-adjuvanted recombinant IBV N protein (rN), induced a strong recall response. Pustulan-adjuvanted rN induced a significantly higher CD4+ blast percentage compared to either rN, pustulan or media. However, the CD8+ and TCRγδ+ blast percentage were significantly lower with pustulan-adjuvanted rN compared to pustulan or media. Thus, pustulan enhanced the efficacy of MHCII antigen presentation, but apparently not the cross-presentation on MHCI. In conclusion, we found an immunopotentiating effect of pustulan in vitro using chicken BM-DCs. Thus, future in vivo studies might show pustulan as a promising glycan-based adjuvant for use in the poultry industry to contain the spread of coronaviridiae as well as of other avian viral pathogens.
adjuvant, chicken, Pustulan, APC-targeting, BM-DC, IBV, subunit vaccination
Structure type: homopolymer
Location inside paper: abstract
Trivial name: pustulan, β-1,6-glucan, β-1,6-D-glucan, β(1-6)-D-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, pustulan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, β-(1,6)-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, pustulan, β-1,6-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, pustulan, β-(1→6)-glucan PCPS, water-soluble glucan (PS-I)
Compound class: EPS, O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, glycoprotein, glucan, polysaccharide, cell wall glucoprotein
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135614,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_241101,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: PCR, biological assays, cell growth, flow cytometry analysis, confocal microscopy, DNA extraction, centrifugation, gel electrophoresis, qRT-PCR, endocytosis assay
Biological activity: pustulan induced an up-regulation of MHC class II (MHCII) cell surface expression, potentiated a strong proinflammatory cytokine response, and increased endocytosis in a cation-dependent manner
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 136370Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G26777BZ, GlycomeDB:
863, CCSD:
50854, CBank-STR:4234
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