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1. (Article ID: 11260)
 
Luo J, Nishiyama Y, Fuell C, Taguchi G, Elliott K, Hill L, Tanaka Y, Kitayama M, Yamazaki M, Bailey P, Parr A, Michael AJ, Saito K, Martin C
Convergent evolution in the BAHD family of acyl transferases: identification and characterization of anthocyanin acyl transferases from Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Journal: for Cell and Molecular Biology 50 (2007) 678-695
 

Members of the BAHD family of plant acyl transferases are very versatile catalytically, and are thought to be able to evolve new substrate specificities rapidly. Acylation of anthocyanins occurs in many plant species and affects anthocyanin stability and light absorption in solution. The versatility of BAHD acyl transferases makes it difficult to identify genes encoding enzymes with defined substrate specificities on the basis of structural homology to genes of known catalytic function alone. Consequently, we have used a modification to standard functional genomics strategies, incorporating co-expression profiling with anthocyanin accumulation, to identify genes encoding three anthocyanin acyl transferases from Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that the activities of these enzymes influence the stability of anthocyanins at neutral pH, and some acylations also affect the anthocyanin absorption maxima. These properties make the BAHD acyl transferases suitable tools for engineering anthocyanins for an improved range of biotechnological applications.

anthocyanins, acyl transferases, convergent evolution, functional genomics

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2. (Article ID: 11621)
 
Zou K, Wang B, Li DY, Cai SQ, Zhang RY, Zhao YY
Structural identification of two diastereoisomeric saponins from Albizia julibrissin
Kao Teng Hsueh Hsiao Hua Heush Hsueh Pao = Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities [Chinese] 20(12) (1999) 1877-1882
 

Two new diastereoisomeric saponins named as Julibroside J14 and Julibroside J15 were isolated from the dried stem barks of Albizia julibrissin. On the basis of chemical and spectral methods, their structures were elucidated as 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-arabinonosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-21-O-{(6S)-2-trans-2,6-dimethyl-6-O-[4-O-((6R)-2-trans-2,6-dimethyl-6-O-β-D-quinovopyranosyl-2,7-octadienoyl)-β-D-quinovopyranosyl]-2,7-octadienoyl} acacic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1) and 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-21-O-{(6S)-2-trans-2,6-dimethyl-6-O-[4-O-((6S)-2-trans-2,6-dimethyl-6-O-β-D-quinovopyranosyl-2,7-octadienoyl)-β-D-quinovopyranosyl]-2,7-octadienoyl} acacic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), respectively.

triterpenoid saponins, Albizia julibrissin, Leguminousae, diastereoisomerism, julibroside J14, julibroside J15

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3. (Article ID: 11622)
 
Chen MJ
Steroidal saponins from Speirantha gardenii (Liliaceae)
Acta Botanica Sinica 41(11) (1999) 1249-1251
 

Two new steroidal saponins were isolated from the rhizome of the Chinese native plant, Speirantha gardenii (Hook.) Baill. Their structures were established as 22-methoxy-(25R)-5β-furostane-1β,3β,4β,5β,26-pentaol 26-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (I) and 22-methoxy-(25R)-5β-furostane-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,26-hexaol 26-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (II) on the basis of chemical and spectral evidences.

steroidal saponin, Speirantha gardenii

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4. (Article ID: 11623)
 
Ma JY, He AM, Zhang DC, Wang ZT, Xu LS, Xu GJ, Namba T, Kadota S
Two new sesquiterpene glucosides from Ixseris plants
Studies in Plant Science 6 (1999) 394-398
 

The whole plant of Ixeris denticulata f. pinnatipartita and I. sonchifolia respectively afforded a new guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone glucoside named ixerin X, 8β,15-dihydroxy-1(10),3,11(13)-guaiatriene-12, (1), ixerin Z, 1(10),3,11(13)-guaiatriene-12,6-olide-2-one-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), whose structure and stereo-chemistry were determined by spectroscopic methods. 1 inhibited the growth of human breast cancer MCF7 and MDA468 cell lines.

cytotoxicity, compositae, guaianolide, ixerin Z, Ixeris denticulata f. pinnatipartita Kitag., I. sonchifolia Hance, sesquiterpene lactone glucoside, ixerin X

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