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1. (Article ID: 11291)
 
Wilson IBH, Altmann F
Structural analysis of N-glycans from allergenic grass, ragweed and tree pollens: Core alpha 1,3-linked fucose and xylose present in all pollens examined
Glycoconjugate Journal 15(11) (1998) 1055-1070
 

The N-glycans from soluble extracts of ten pollens were examined. The pyridylaminated oligosaccharides derived from these sources were subject to gel filtration and reverse-phase HPLC, in conjunction with exoglycosidase digests, and in some cases matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation mass spectrometry. In comparison to known structures, it was possible to determine the major structures of the N-glycans derived from Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensis), rye (Secale cerale), ryegrass (Lolium perenne), short ragweed (Ambrosia elatior), giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida), birch (Betula alba), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), olive (Olea europaea) and snake-skin pine (Pinus leucodermis) pollen extracts. For grass pollens the major glycans detected were identical in properties to: [structure in text] Grass pollens also contained some minor structures with one or two non-reducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues. In the ragweed pollens, the major structures carried core alpha1,3-linked fucose with or without the presence of xylose. In tree pollen extracts, the major structures were either xylosylated, with or without fucose and terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues, with also significant amounts of oligomannose structures. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that the carbohydrate structures are another potential source of immunological cross-reaction between different plant allergens.

N-glycans, pollens

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2. (Article ID: 11880)
 
Tanahashi T, Takenaka Y, Nagakura N, Nishi T
Three secoiridoid glucosides from Jasminum nudiflorum
Journal of Natural Products 62(9) (1999) 1311-1315
 

Phytochemical study of the leaves and stems of Jasminum nudiflorum has led to the isolation of three secoiridoid glucosides, jasnudiflosides A-C (1-3). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.

Jasminum nudiflorum, jasnudifloside A, jasnudifloside B, jasnudifloside C, secoiridoid glucoside

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3. (Article ID: 12067)
 
Chen S-S, Gong J, Liu F-T, Mohammed U
Naturally occurring polyphenolic antioxidants modulate IgE-mediated mast cell activation
Immunology 100(4) (2000) 471-480
 

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to modulate activities of a host of kinases, phosphatases and transcription factors. Rutin and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are the major polyphenolic antioxidants present in the small molecular fraction of smokeless tobacco leaf extracts, as ascertained by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry. Levels of intracellular ROS in resting versus antigen-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-challenged murine mast cells were measured at 510 nm by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using carboxy-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH-DA). Enhanced ROS production was observed in IgE-sensitized mast cells following antigenic challenge. Rutin and CGA reduced ROS levels in antigen-IgE-activated mast cells. Concomitantly, they also profoundly inhibited histamine release by these activated mast cells. In contrast, rutin and CGA augmented the inducible cytokine messages, i.e. interleukin (IL)-10, IL-13, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in IgE-sensitized mast cells following antigen challenge. This study indicates that tobacco polyphenolic antioxidants that quench intracellular ROS, differentially affect two effector functions of antigen-IgE-activated mast cells. This model system may be employed to determine the molecular target of polyphenols. The potential role of these polyphenolic antioxidants on IgE-mediated allergy in vivo depends on a balance of their differential effects on mast cell activation.

Antioxidants, reactive oxygen species (ROS), rutin, chlorogenic acid

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